BYOM Grade 3

Grade 3
Lesson 1
Introduction to Sets
3-1
Introduction to sets Build Your Own Math
1
When some objects which share
a similar trait are put together,
mathematicians use a common #1 Come up with collective names for the objects:
word as their name – set.
You can’t say ‘a herd of cups’, but
you can say a set of cups. You
can’t say ‘a team of silverware’,
but you can say a set of
silverware.

Stamp Collection

You can say:

ü Set of flowers
ü Set of birds
ü Set of stamps
ü Set of students
3-1
Introduction to sets 2
Objects or living things that are part of a
set are called the elements of this set.
#2 Name two students in your class. Elements of For example: a swallow is an element of
the set of birds. At the same time, the
which set are they? Do the students’ belongings tail of a swallow is not an element of the
(clothes, for example) belong to the same set? set of birds.

#4 List the participants of the

class you are attending now. How
#3 List the members of your
many people are there? Does
family. Do you belong to this
your friend belong to this list?
list? What about your friend?

#5 Fun Task: Two boys, Henry and Noah went to a bakery. On their way, they found
20 dollars. How much money would Henry find, had he gone to the bakery alone?
3-1
Introduction to sets 3

#6 Solve the problems:

a) A swallow bird flies 70 km per hour, and a swift bird flies twice as
fast. How many kilometers per hour does the swift fly?
b) The pine tree lives for about 600 years. This is 250 years longer
than the spruce tree lives. How many years does the spruce tree
live?
c) One scalar fish needs 3 liters of water to live normally. How many
fish can live normally in an aquarium that holds 24 liters of water?
d) The weight of the penguin-dad is 42 kg, the penguin-mom is 32 kg,
and their cub is 8 kg. How much heavier is the dad than the mom
and the baby together?

#7 A pirate found a treasure of 900 coins. To carry it off quickly, he put

186 coins in his cap, 215 in his pocket, 74 coins in his mouth, 125 in his
right hand, and 68 in his left. How many coins were left behind?
3-1
Build Your Own Math Introduction to sets 4

Finding missing numbers: When solving an equation, first determine

whether you are dealing with addition or subtraction.

If it is an addition equation, that means there are addends and sum. You can
find the missing addend by subtracting the known addend from the sum.

If it is a subtraction equation, that means there are minuend, subtrahend

and difference. You can find the missing minuend by adding the subtrahend
to the difference. You can find the missing subtrahend by subtracting the
difference from the minuend.

#8 Find the missing numbers:

a) x + 215 = 612 b) 317 + x = 723 c) 500 − x = 346 d) x − 485 = 197
3-1
Homework 5

#1 Calculate mentally:
5+9= 56 + 42 = 222 + 2 = 888 − 8 =
14 − 5 = 98 − 56 = 222 + 20 = 888 − 80 =
14 − 9 = 98 − 42 = 222 + 200 = 888 − 800 =

#2 Compare the numbers:

7 416 304 95 642 624 0 51

#3 Calculate mentally:
893 + 57 = 702 − 128 = 1000 − 205 =

#4 Write down the signs in the empty spaces to get the correct equation,
parentheses may be used:
300 20 10 4 = 120
3-1
Homework 6

#5 Name the sets: #7 Emily had 12 pizzas for her party.

a) daisy is a part of the set of ________ She cut each of them into 6 pieces.
b) pigeon is a part of the set of ________ She gave 52 slices away. How many
c) pig is a part of the set of _______ slices does she have left?
d) pencil is a part of the set of ______
e) piano is a part of the set of _______
f) foot is a part of the set of ________

#6 Write down all the elements of the following sets:

a) set of two-digit numbers which are smaller than
20: _______
b) set of two-digit numbers which are no bigger than #8 What comes next?
20: _______ 98, 88, 78, ,
c) set of one-digit even numbers: ______ 23, 34, 45, ,
d) set of the letters in the word “FOX”: ____ 98, 87, 76, ,
3-1
Homework 7
Build Your Own Math

#9 John and Lily are playing their cubes. John told Lily, “Give
me 53 of your cubes. That will make the number of my cubes
double.”
How many cubes does John have now?
How many cubes will he have if Lily gives him 53 cubes?

#10 Grandma baked some cookies. Annie ate 4

cookies. Sam ate half of what was left after Annie.
Now there are 8 cookies. How many cookies did
grandma bake?
Grade 3
Lesson 2
Defining Sets
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Defining sets
Some sets are well-defined,
Recall: What is a set? some are not. What does it
mean for a set to be
well-defined?

Definition: A set is called a “well-defined set” if its elements can be easily

identified from its description. This means that for any object, we can
accurately determine whether it is an element of this set or not.

Sets can be defined by listing or describing their elements.

Example: Let’s define the set which consists of letters that are in the word
“MATH”. This set contains the letters “M”, “A”, “T”, “H”. In this case, the
set is defined by explicitly listing its elements.

Generally, sets are denoted by capital letters like A, B, C, X, Y, Z, etc.

3-2
Build Your Own Math Defining sets

#1 Come up with an example of a set, which can be

easily defined. You should be able to list its elements.

#2 Identify each set based on #3 Which sets do these elements belong to?
the elements that it contains: Rose is an element of the set of __________
A = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
Monkey is an element of the set of__________
A is the set of __________
Tree is an element of the set of __________
B = {0,2,4,6,8}
Teddy bear is an element of the set of __________
B is the set of __________
Plum is an element of the set of __________
C = {a, e, i, o, u, y}
C is the set of __________
3-2
Build Your Own Math Defining sets

#4 Define the following sets by either listing their elements or describing them:
A – The set of letters “A”, “B”, and “C” ___________________________________
B – The set of letters in the word “MOUSE” _______________________________
C – The set of three-digit numbers which are greater than 603 and less than 608
_____________________________________________________
D – All two-digit numbers that are multiples of 10 ___________________

#5 Identify whether each of the following sets is well-defined or not:

A – Set of months in a year ______________________________________
B – Set of even integers from 0 to 20 ______________________________
C – Your favorite hamburger restaurant on your street ________________
D – The smartest man ever lived __________________________________
3-2
Defining sets Build Your Own Math

#6 Calculate mentally:

7+8= 12 − 5 = 27 + 43 = 53 + 18 =
16 + 4 = 39 − 9 = 36 + 17 = 19 + 62 =
8 + 15 = 42 − 8 = 50 − 32 = 72 − 17 =
21 + 34 = 36 − 14 = 85 − 39 = 92 − 22 =

Hint: Pay attention to the signs.

They are not addition and
#7 Solve the equations: subtraction equations this time.

x ∙ 20 = 160 6 ∙ x = 72 x ÷ 7 = 42 92 ÷ x = 46
3-2
Defining sets

#8 On the first day, Kate read 21 pages; on the second day, she read
twice as many as on the first day, and on the third day, 15 pages less than
on the second day. How many pages did Kate read on all three days?

#9 Find the common properties of all objects shown in the pictures:

3-2
Build Your Own Math Defining sets

#10 Express in centimeters and calculate: #12 Create a plan of action and solve:
3 m 7 dm 6 cm + 4 m 3 dm 8 cm = a) ( 50 ? 5 + 30 ) ÷ 40 − (35 − 19) ÷ 8 =
1 m 6 dm 9 cm + 47 dm 2 cm = b) 450 ÷ 9 ? 70 + ( 8 ? 60 – 300 ÷ 5 ) ÷ 70 =
9 m 72 cm − 5 dm 9 cm =
7 m 4 cm − 32 dm 6 cm =

#11 Solve the problems, and connect them to the matching

points:

20 ? 9 = 480 ÷ 60 = 150 80 8 3
34 ? 5 = 52 ÷ 4 = 170 180 2 13
360 ÷ 4 = 86 ÷ 43 = 120 90 9 12
55 48 18 4
3-2
Check your knowledge

What did we learn?

There are 3 types of sets: How can you find a missing factor?
• Well-defined by listing its elements How can you find a missing dividend?
• Well-defined by describing its elements A missing divisor?
• Non-well-defined
Can you name an example of each type How many centimeters are there in
of set? one meter?
How many centimeters are there in
one decimeter?
How many decimeters are there in
one meter?
3-2
Build Your Own Math Homework

#1 Calculate mentally:

7?8= 39 ? 2 = 64 ÷ 16 = 27 ? 3 =

56 ÷ 7 = 78 ÷ 2 = 640 ÷ 16 = 27 ? 30 =

56 ÷ 8 = 78 ÷ 39 = 640 ÷ 160 = 270 ? 3 =

#2 Write down:
a) 3 examples of sets, which are not well-defined:

b) 3 examples of sets, which are well-defined, by describing:

c) 3 examples of sets, which are well-defined, by listing their elements:

3-2
Homework

#3 Define the sets by describing: #4 Jake picked a number. He multiplied it by

a) A = {14, 23, 32, 41, 50} 2, added 30, and got 48. What is the number
he picked? (Solve using both of the methods –
A is set of _______________________________
diagram and doing the opposite operations).

b) B = {p, e, n}
B is set of _______________________________

c) C = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
C is set of ________________________________ #5 Grandma baked some cookies. Sally ate 5
of them, Mary ate half of what was left after
Sally. After this, Johnny ate 5 cookies. Now
d) D = {59, 60, 61, 62, 63} there are 6 cookies left. How many cookies did
D is set of _______________________________ grandma bake?
3-2
Homework

#6 How many kangaroos must be moved

from one park to the other to get the same
number of kangaroos in both parks?
Try to come up with a method that can
be used with bigger numbers.

#7 Define sets by listing their elements:

a) set A is the set of letters in the word “car”;
b) set B is the set of three-digit numbers which are
greater than 994.
3-2
Build Your Own Math Homework

#8 Write down the next four numbers:

a) 2, 5, 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, 26 _________________________

b) 4, 8, 11, 22, 25, 50, 53, 106, 109 ________________

#9 Susan is 6 years old. Her sister is one year younger and her brother is one year older.
What is the sum of the ages of the three siblings?

#10 Calculate: #11 Which number is hidden behind the

a) 720 ÷ 9 + 32 ? 14 − 9 − 8 ? 25 ÷ 40 square? + 4 =7
b) 4 ? 30 ? 8 − 9 ? 8 ÷ 12 − (100 − 8 ? 9) a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 6
+ =9
 Grade 3
Lesson 3
Equal Sets, Empty Sets
3-3
Recall: What is a set? Equal sets, empty sets
What is a well-defined set?

Definition: Two sets are considered equal if they consist of the same elements. If sets
A and B are equal, we write A=B, if they are not, then we write A≠B.
Example: A = {raspberry, strawberry, blueberry}
B = {strawberry, raspberry, blueberry}
C = {blueberry, raspberry, cherry}
D = {raspberry, strawberry, blueberry, gooseberry}
A=B (they have the same elements, only in a different order)
A≠C (Set A includes strawberry, C does not)
A≠D (Set D includes gooseberry, A does not)
3-3
Equal sets, empty sets Build Your Own Math

#1 Let A = {0, 1, 2}. Which of the sets B = {2, 0, 1}, C = {1, 0}, D = {3, 2, 1, 0} are equal and not
equal to set A? Write down and explain.

#2 D = {a, , 5}. Define set A, which is equal to set D, and set B which is not equal to set D.
A= ________________________ B = _________________________

#3 Think:
a) Define all sets which are equal to set {◯, △} _______________________________________________________
b) Define all sets which are equal to set {a , b, c} _______________________________________________________
c) Define all sets which are equal to set {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday} ___________________________
3-3
Equal sets, empty sets

#4 How many elements are there in each set: Definition: If a set does not contain any elements, it is
called an empty set. We use symbol Ø for empty sets.
a) the set of weekdays
b) the set of letters in the English alphabet #5 What kind of a set is the set of tigers
c) the set of tails of a cat called Lucy with six legs?
d) the set of noses on Patrick What kind of set is the set of two-year-
olds in your school class?
e) the set of horses living on the Moon
What kind of set is the set of rabbits on
What is an Mars?
empty set?
Think of your own examples of empty
sets.

#6 Which symbol corresponds to the empty set?

, , , .
3-3
Equal sets, empty sets

#8 Solve:
a) How many times is 56 bigger than 8? How many groups of 8 are there in 56?
b) By how much is 56 greater than 8? By how much is 8 less than 56?

#9 Blitz tournament:
a) A hat costs a dollars, a coat costs 9 times as much. What is the total cost?
b) A watermelon weighs b kilograms, a pumpkin weighs 2 kilograms less.
What is their total weight?
c) A pot holds c liters of water, a cup holds 7 times less than the pot.
By how much does the volume of the pot exceed the volume of the cup?
d) There were d meters of cloth. A seamstress created 8 dresses from it,
each of which took n meters of material. How many meters of cloth were left?
3-3
Equal sets, empty sets

#10 Solve mentally and connect the dots:

80 81 28 12 17 21 35
7?9= 14 ÷ 7 = 2?6÷3=
63 48 30 14 40 2 56
8?6= 7?8= 6?4÷8=
54 18 5 10 47 8 51
9?9= 5?5= 27 ÷ 3 ? 2 =
7?4= 13 0 44 75 6 49 62
4?8= 36 ÷ 4 ? 6 =
30 ÷ 6 = 6?7= 3?7?3= 1 96 15 31 84 42 74

40 ÷ 5 = 3?5= 45 3 4 55 41 32 25

#11 Solve the

equations and
check your answers:
3-3
Build Your Own Math Equal sets, empty sets

#12 Are these examples written correctly? Explain your answer.

a) { , , , , , }={ , , , , , } YES/NO
b) { , , ,} }= { , , } YES/NO
c) { , , , }={ , , } YES/NO

#13 Are these problems solved correctly?

YES/NO

YES/NO
3-3
Homework Build Your Own Math

#1 Calculate:
x ÷ 8 = 12 x ÷ 12 = 3 x ÷ 4 = 10

12 ÷ x = 3 35 ÷ x = 7 150 ÷ x = 25

x ? 12 = 48 15 ? x = 60 x ? 17 = 51

#2 Which shape is made with 10 cubes?

3-3
Homework

#3 Fill in the empty spaces: #4 Nick had 67 stickers. John had 8

stickers. Nick gave 3 of his stickers to
John. How many more stickers does
There are _____ meters in 1 kilometer. Nick have now, compared to John?
There are _____ centimeters in 1 meter.
#5 Ann’s chickens have 10 more legs
There are _____ decimeters in 1 meter. than noses. How many chickens
does Ann have?
There are _____ centimeters in 1 decimeter.

There are _____ centimeters in 1 kilometer.

There are _____ decimeters in 1 kilometer.

3-3
Homework

#6 Convert all measurements into centimeters and calculate:

a) 1 m 5 dm 7 cm + 6 m 2 dm 8 cm = e) 12 cm + 7 m =

b) 13 dm 7 cm − 12 dm 2 cm = f) 23 dm − 43 cm + 4 m =

c) 1 m 7 dm + 13 dm 1 cm = g) 3 m − 12 dm =

d) 9dm 76 cm + 10m = h) 43 dm 14 cm − 2 m 53 cm =

#7 There are 17 flowers in one vase. There are 51 flowers in

the second vase. How many flowers should we move from the
second vase to the first one, so that the numbers of flowers in
both vases are the same?
3-3
Build Your Own Math Homework

#8 List the elements of sets:

a) A is the set of even numbers between 11 and 25.
___________________________________

b) B is the set of letters that spell your last name.

___________________________________

c) C is the set of integers that are greater than 0 (positive) and no greater than 5.
__________________________________

d) D is the set of integers that are greater than 0 (positive) and less than 5.
___________________________________

e) E is the set of multiples of 7 that are greater than 15 and less than 68.
___________________________________
3-3
Homework

#9 In the country of Jewelry, you can trade three

= picture 1
sapphires for one ruby (picture 1). For one sapphire,
you can trade two flowers (picture 2). How many
flowers can be traded for two rubies? = picture 2

#10 Mary’s pigs have 21 more legs than

noses. How many pigs does Mary have?

#11 Solve:
a) How many times is 72 bigger than 9? How many groups of 9 are there in 72?
b) By how much is 72 greater than 9? By how much is 9 less than 72?
 Grade 3
Lesson 4
Euler-Venn Diagrams
3-4
Build Your Own Math Euler-Venn diagrams

To better visualize sets, we can use a tool called an Euler-Venn diagram.

It is a closed line with the elements of the given set written inside. B
Example: The diagram for set B = {2, m, } will look like this: a
2

The sentence “Number 2 belongs to set B” is written like this: 2 ∈ B.

m
The sentence “Letter a does not belong to set B” can be written as a ∉ B.
The symbol ∉ means – “does not belong”

#1 Write down all the elements of the set B = { 2, 3, }.

Does the number 2 belong to this set? What about the
letter A? Write down sentences to answer this question.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3-4
Build Your Own Math Euler-Venn diagrams

#2 The picture below shows Euler-Venn diagram of set A. Write down which elements
belong to set A and which do not. Read out the results. e A
b …… A 4 …… A 8

8 …… A …… A b
4
e …… A …… A

#3 Mark elements d, 10, 5, , , and on a diagram below,

considering the information given: C
∈C d∉C ∈C
10 ∈ C ∉C 5∉C

#4 Set A = {a, b, c, , }. Write ∈ or ∉ signs. Create an Euler-Venn diagram for set A:

a …… A …… A c …… A
…… A …… A 8 …… A
3-4
Euler-Venn diagrams Build Your Own Math

#5 Define a set of three-digit numbers, #6 Define a set of two-digit numbers that

which are written using all the same digits. are written using only digits 1, 2, and 3.
How many numbers fulfill this condition? How many numbers fulfill this condition?
Name the set any letter you wish and Name the set any letter you wish and
create an Euler-Venn diagram for it. create an Euler-Venn diagram for it.

#7 D is a set of two-digit numbers. b) Write down the largest and

a) Write down whether the numbers below the smallest elements of set D.
are elements of set D or not. Use the ∉ and ∈
symbols. Mark them on the diagram. c) How many elements are
there in set D?
26 …… D 23 …… D 15 …… D
304 …… D 11 ..…. D 9 …… D
D
3-4
Euler-Venn diagrams

#8 A grandmother made 45 liters of apple juice and 85 liters of cherry

juice. Her pet bears drank 18 liters of juice for breakfast, and for dinner,
they drank twice as much. How many liters of juice were left over?

#9 Blitz tournament
a) Vlad has a letters. He has half as many as Alex. How many letters does
Alex have?
b) Lena has b stamps. She has c fewer stamps than her sister. How many
stamps do Lena and her sister have together?
c) Tom picked n mushrooms. He gave k mushrooms to his sister and
three times as many to his grandmother. How many mushrooms does
Tom have left?
d) There were x white and y red flowers. A florist created bouquets with
5 flowers each. How many bouquets did he make?
3-4
Euler-Venn diagrams

#10 Calculate in your head: #11 Evaluate the expressions:

37 ? 2 = 62 ? 10 = 58 ÷ 2 = a) 360 ÷ 6 ? 5 − 450 ÷ ( 25 ? 2 ) − 70 ? 6 ÷ 3 =
b) 4 ? ( 30 ? 8 ) − 9 ? 8 ÷ 12 − ( 100 − 8 ? 9 ) =
5 ? 18 = 200 ? 3 = 72 ÷ 4 =

111 ? 0 = 180 ÷ 9 = 36 ÷ 12 =

1 ? 759 = 630 ÷ 70 = 60 ÷ 15 =

#12 Look at the pictures below. A is a set of girls with balls, and B is a set of girls
with flowers. Draw Euler-Venn diagram of sets A and B. How many elements are there
in set A? What about in set B? How many elements do they have in common?
3-4
Euler-Venn diagrams

#13 Fill in the empty cells in the table:

a 4 8 10 15 25 37
b

?10

YES NO
>100
−76 +39

b
 Grade 3
Lesson 5
Euler-Venn Diagrams and
Subsets
3-5
Build Your Own Math Euler-Venn Diagrams and Subsets

#1 Name each set based on the elements it contains: #2 Using curly brackets, write down the elements of sets

a) Set A {January, February, March} B and C:

b) Set B {Athos, Porthos, Aramis} B= C=

c) Set C {addition, subtraction, multiplication, division}
d) Set D {30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35}
B C
a b
c
f
#3 Look at the diagrams. Which of the sets are subsets? Write your answers using an
appropriate symbol. e d

P A
K C B
M Which of these sets is part of the other? Are elements a
F
and b part of sets B and C simultaneously?
E
3-5
Euler-Venn Diagrams and Subsets

#4 Write using curly brackets:

a) The set A of objects which are inside

the curved line = __________________

b) The set B of objects which are outside

the curved line = __________________

#5 Which set is a subset of the other?

F N A
P
M M
B
L

Sets
3-5
Fractions
Build Your Own Math

There are three types of fractions:

Fractions are equal parts of a whole. They
have two parts: the numerator (top number)
and the denominator (bottom number).

𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
Numerator
1
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒

Denominator
Proper Improper Mixed
" # !
1
$ " "
The numerator is smaller than the The numerator is greater than A whole number and a
denominator or equal to the denominator proper fraction together

#6 Write the correct answers as mixed fractions:

19 ÷ 3 = 34 ÷ 7 = 56 ÷ 6 = 48 ÷ 5 = 21 ÷ 8 = 75 ÷ 9 = 39 ÷ 5 =
3-5
Problems
Build Your Own Math 4
#7 Calculate in your head: #9 Make up a problem that uses the model: (a − b) ÷ 2. Choose
a) 5 ? 0 ÷ 25 + (72 ÷ 1 − 0) ÷ 9 + 6 ÷ 6 = the appropriate values for a and b and find the answer.

b) 24 ÷ ( 3 ? 8) − ( 7 ? 0 + 1) + 8 ÷ 1 =

#8 In each group (a and b), find one number that doesn’t belong:

a) 12 14 15 16 18 20 b) 12 14 15 16 18 20
21 24 25 27 28 30 21 24 25 27 28 30
32 34 35 36 40 31 32 35 36 40
42 45 48 49 42 45 48 49
54 56 54 56
63 64 63 64
72 72
81 81
 5
3-5
Problems
Build Your Own Math

#10 A square is broken into pieces. Write the names of all the resulting #11 Blitz:
geometric figures.
a) A brown suitcase weighs d kilograms. A black suitcase weighs four
times as much. How many kilograms more does the black suitcase
weigh?

b) Lily paid n dollars for three kilograms of grapes. How much would
she need to pay for 8 kilograms of grapes?

#12 Compare the expressions:

217 ? x 271 ? x a ÷ 26 a ÷ 62

c + 136 c + 163 134 ÷ b 143 ÷ b

m?32 m?23 7?y + 3?y 10?y