Name: BASCO, Austin Euno U.
Grade and Section: 11 STEM 3
GENERAL BIOLOGY 2
Genetics Video Study Guide
Directions: Watch the following videos in advanced. Use the following guide questions while you watch
the videos and provide your own lecture notes by answering each question. Provide only key words or
around 2 to 3 bullet points only. You may attach pictures as well.
1. Multiple Alleles
LINK: [Link]
Key Question Your Answer
What are multiple alleles? - More than two forms of a gene exist in a
population
Give examples of traits controlled by multiple - ABO blood types
alleles. - Eye color
How do multiple alleles differ from simple - Instead of just one dominant and one
dominant-recessive traits? recessive allele, there are multiple options
that interact.
What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes
for ABO blood types?
Which alleles are codominant? Which one is - A & B = Codominant, O = Recessive.
recessive?
2. Sex-Linked Traits
LINK: [Link]
Key Question Your Answer
What chromosomes are involved in sex-linked - X and Y chromosomes
inheritance?
Why are sex-linked traits more common in males? - Males only have one X chromosome, so
if it has a mutation, there’s no backup.
How can a female be a carrier but not affected? - She has two X chromosomes, so if one
is normal, it covers up the faulty one.
Give two examples of sex-linked traits. - Color blindness
- Hemophilia.
3. Protein Synthesis
LINK: [Link]
Key Question Your Answer
What is the purpose of transcription? Where does it - Turns DNA into mRNA
happen? - Happens in the nucleus
What is the role of mRNA and tRNA in protein - mRNA: Messenger carrying instructions.
synthesis? - tRNA: Brings the right amino acids to
build the protein.
What is a codon, and how does it determine an - A set of 3 bases in mRNA that codes for
amino acid? a specific amino acid.
What is the function of a ribosome in translation? - Reads mRNA and assembles proteins.
4. Pedigree Analysis
LINK: [Link]
Key Question Your Answer
What do squares and circles represent in - Squares = Males
pedigrees? - Circles = Females.
How can you tell if a trait is autosomal dominant or - Dominant = Shows up every generation.
recessive? - Recessive = Can skip generations.
What is a carrier, and how is it shown in a - Someone who has the gene but doesn’t
pedigree? show symptoms (half-shaded shape).
How can you determine the genotype of individuals - By checking how traits are passed down.
in a pedigree?
5. Genetic Engineering
LINK: [Link]
Key Question Your Answer
What is genetic engineering? - Changing DNA to give an organism new
traits.
What are common techniques used (e.g., CRISPR, - DNA cloning
recombinant DNA)? - DNA sequencing
What are the goals or uses of genetic engineering - Cures diseases
in medicine and agriculture? - makes better crops
- improves food production.
What are some ethical concerns about genetic - Unintended societal consequences
engineering? - Environmental Impact
- Unknown long-term effects.
Do you think genetic engineering should be used in - It really depends. Helping with diseases
humans? Why or why not? makes sense, but modifying humans for
non-medical reasons is a bit controversial.