Developmental Psychology

Finals l 3rd Semester l SY ‘23 - ‘24 Week 8: Adolescence

increase in height.
1.0 Adolescence
✮⋆˙ Spermarche
● It refers to a boy’s first ejaculation,
● Marks a significant period of transition in typically occurring during puberty. It
a person’s life, encompassing various marks the onset of sperm production and
changes across physical, cognitive, and the ability to ejaculate semen.
psychosocial domains.
✮⋆˙ Menarche
✮⋆˙ Puberty
● It refers to a girl’s first menstrual period,
● The biological process during which an
signifying the onset of menstruation and
individual reaches sexual maturity and
reproductive capability. Menarche is
gains the ability to reproduce.
influenced by factors such as genetics,
● Involves a series of physical changes, and
nutrition, and overall health.
changes in hormonal levels.
✮⋆˙ Body Image
● It refers to a person’s perceptions,
thoughts, and feelings about their own
physical appearance.

✮⋆˙ Primary Sex Characteristics

● It refers to the reproductive organs
themselves, including the ovaries, uterus,
and vagina in females, and the testes,
penis, and scrotum in males.

✮⋆˙ Secondary Sex Characteristics

● Secondary sex characteristics
physiological signs of sexual maturation
are breast development and growth of
body hair that do not involve the sex
organs.
✮⋆˙ Binge Drinking
● refers to heavy alcohol use over a short
✮⋆˙ Adolescent Growth Spurt
period of time. The general definition of
● It refers to a period of rapid increase in
binge drinking is having 5 or more drinks
height and weight typically occurs during
in a row by males or 4 or more drinks in a
puberty, before sexual maturity is
row by females at least once in the
reached.
previous 2 weeks. Heavy binge drinking
● This growth spurt is fueled by hormonal
includes 3 or more such episodes in 2
changes, particularly the release of
weeks.
growth hormones, which stimulate the
growth plates in the bones, leading to an

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 Developmental Psychology
Finals l 3rd Semester l SY ‘23 - ‘24 Week 8: Adolescence

✮⋆˙ Imaginary Audiences ✮⋆˙ Marcia’s Four Statuses of Identity

● Imaginary audience refers to the
psychological concept where individuals,
especially adolescents, falsely believe that
Identity Diffusion
they are constantly being watched,
- Adolescents have no sense of having choices.
judged, or evaluated by others—even
- They have not yet made (nor are
when that’s not the case. It’s like having
attempting/willing to make) a commitment.
an imaginary crowd observing your every
move, critiquing your choices, and
reacting to your actions.
Identity Foreclosure
✮⋆˙ Personal Fable - Adolescents seem willing to commit
● Personal fable refers to an adolescent’s to relevant roles, values, or goals for the future.
belief in their own uniqueness and
invulnerability. It’s like having a special - They have not experienced an identity crisis.
narrative that sets them apart from
others. - Tend to conform to others’ expectations
regarding their future.

Identity Moratorium

- Adolescents are currently in a crisis, exploring

various commitments.

- Ready to make choices but have not

committed to them yet.

Identity Achievement
✮⋆˙ Self Efficacy
● Self-efficacy refers to a person’s belief in - Adolescents have gone through an
their own capability to master challenges
and achieve goals. identity crisis.

✮⋆˙ Fidelity - Made a commitment to a chosen role or value.

● Fidelity refers to sustained loyalty, faith,
or a sense of belonging that results from
✮⋆˙ Sexual Orientation
the successful resolution of the identity
● Sexual orientation refers to who a person
versus identity confusion psychosocial
is attracted to and wants to have
stage.
relationships with.
● It’s about the patterns of emotional,
✮⋆˙ Psychosocial Moratorium sexual, and romantic attraction.
● Psychosocial moratorium refers to a
period, typically during adolescence, when
individuals are granted the freedom to
explore and address psychosocial
challenges without being burdened by the
full responsibilities of adult life.

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 Developmental Psychology
Finals l 3rd Semester l SY ‘23 - ‘24 Week 8: Adolescence

✮⋆˙ Cultural Socialization

● Cultural socialization refers to the parental
practices that teach children about their ✮⋆˙ Adolescent Rebellion
racial/ethnic heritage and promote ● Adolescent rebellion pattern of emotional
cultural practices and pride. turmoil, characteristic of a minority of
● It involves passing down cultural adolescents, that may involve conflict with
traditions, values, and beliefs from one family, alienation from adult society,
generation to the next. reckless behavior, and rejection of adult
values.

✮⋆˙ Sexting ● Adolescent rebellion is a common

● Sexting refers to the act of sending phenomenon during the teenage years,
sexually explicit messages, photographs, characterized by a desire to assert
or videos to others. It often involves independence, challenge authority, and
sharing suggestive content via mobile explore one’s identity.
phones, messaging services, apps, or
social media platforms. ✮⋆˙ Individuation
● People of various age groups engage in ● Individuation is a critical process during
sexting, but it is more common among development, particularly in adolescence
tech-savvy teens and young adults. when teens and young adults begin to
assert their own independent identity and
establish a cohesive sense of self.
✮⋆˙ Sexually Transmitted Infections Individuation refers to the process of
● Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are forming a stable personality. As a person
infections and diseases that spread individuates, they gain a clearer sense of
through sexual contact. They can be self separate from their parents and
transmitted during vaginal, anal, or oral others around them.
sex.
✮⋆˙ Top-Dog Phenomenon
● The top-dog phenomenon refers to a
situation where students experience a
significant shift in their social status
during the transition from elementary
school to middle or junior high school.

✮⋆˙ Service-Learning
● Service-learning is an educational
approach where students learn theories in
the classroom while simultaneously
volunteering with an agency (usually a
non-profit or social service group).
✮⋆˙ ABCDE of HIV and other STDs Prevention

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 Developmental Psychology
Finals l 3rd Semester l SY ‘23 - ‘24 Week 8: Adolescence

✮⋆˙ Models of Parent-Adolescent Relationships

Old Model

Autonomy, detachment from parents; parent

and peers are isolated
Intense and stressful conflict throughout
adolescence; parent-adolescent relationships
are filled with storm and stress on virtually a
daily basis.

New Model

Attachment and autonomy; parents are

important support systems and attachment
figures; adolescent-parent and adolescent-peer
worlds have some important connections.
Moderate parent-adolescent conflict is common
and can serve a positive developmental
function; conflict greater in early adolescence.

✮⋆˙ Clique
● A clique is a small, tightly-knit group of
individuals, typically ranging from 2 to
about 12 people (with an average of 5 to 6
members).

✮⋆˙ Rite of Passage

● A rite of passage is a ceremonial event or
ritual that marks an individual’s transition
from one social or religious status to
another. These rites often focus on the
transition to adult status.

✮⋆˙ Juvenile Delinquent

● Juvenile delinquent is an adolescent who
breaks the law or engages in behavior
that is considered illegal.

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