Society

1. What is the ideal age for young people in our society to start a life of
their own?
The ideal age for starting an independent life depends on many factors, such as
culture, financial situation, and personal readiness. In many Western countries,
young people leave home in their late teens or early twenties, often when they
go to university or start their first job. However, in other cultures, it is common to
stay with parents until marriage or until they have a stable income. Economic
factors, such as the cost of rent and job opportunities, also play a big role. In
some cases, young people prefer to stay with their parents longer to save money
and build a secure future before moving out.

2. How is starting a new life feasible in our current society and family
ties?
Starting an independent life today can be challenging due to economic and social
factors. While there are many opportunities for education and career
development, the high cost of living, expensive rent, and unstable job markets
make it difficult for young people to afford their own homes. In many cultures,
family ties remain strong, and parents support their children financially or allow
them to live at home until they are ready to move out. In some cases, young
adults live with roommates to share expenses, while others rely on government
assistance or low-cost housing programs. The process of becoming independent
requires careful planning and financial stability.

3. In what way is marriage or cohabitation the condition for people to

move from the parental home?
In some cultures, moving out of the family home is strongly linked to marriage.
Many people stay with their parents until they get married, as marriage is seen as
the beginning of an independent life. However, in modern societies, cohabitation
has become a popular alternative. Many couples choose to live together before
marriage or even without getting married at all. This allows them to share
expenses, build a life together, and test their compatibility before making a long-
term commitment. In contrast, in more traditional cultures, living together before
marriage is not widely accepted, and people are expected to stay with their
families until they have a spouse.

4. To what extent can career and financial matters have a say in the
young’s life and detachment from the family?
A young person’s ability to become independent is highly influenced by their
career and financial stability. Having a well-paying and stable job makes it easier
to afford rent, utilities, and daily expenses. However, in many countries, high
housing prices, student loans, and job insecurity make it difficult for young people
to live on their own. As a result, many stay with their families longer than
previous generations. In some cases, financial difficulties force young people to
return to their parental home even after living independently for a while.
Governments in some countries offer financial support, such as student grants,
housing assistance, or career training programs, to help young adults achieve
independence.

5. How can religion, or different religious or political views influence the

culture of a nation?
Religion and political beliefs play a significant role in shaping a nation’s culture,
traditions, and laws. In religious societies, customs related to marriage, family
roles, education, and morality are strongly influenced by religious teachings. For
example, some religions promote large families, strict gender roles, and
conservative social norms, while others allow more personal freedom. Political
views also impact society by shaping laws on issues such as education,
healthcare, and human rights. In some countries, religion and politics are closely
connected, while in others, there is a strong separation between religious beliefs
and government policies. Differences in religion and political ideology can
sometimes lead to social conflicts, but they can also contribute to cultural
diversity and change.

6. What support can the young acquire from the government?

Governments provide various forms of support to help young people become
independent and succeed in life. One of the most common types of support is
financial aid for education, such as student loans or scholarships, which allow
young adults to continue studying without financial pressure. Some governments
also offer affordable housing programs or rental assistance to help young people
move out of their parental home. In addition, job training programs,
unemployment benefits, and career counseling services help young adults find
stable employment. In some countries, young families receive financial support,
tax benefits, or childcare assistance to help them establish a secure life. The level
of government support varies by country, but in general, these programs aim to
create equal opportunities for young people to build a successful future.

Services

1. Are you satisfied with bank services? Why/why not?

Bank services are useful because they allow people to manage their money
easily. Online banking and mobile apps make it simple to transfer money, pay
bills, and check balances. However, some people are not happy with high bank
fees or long waiting times at branches. Customer service can also be slow,
especially when there are technical problems. While modern banking is
convenient, not everyone trusts online security, and some prefer using cash.

2. Give reasons for and against using credit cards.

Credit cards are helpful because they allow people to buy things without carrying
cash. They also offer security, rewards, and the option to pay later. If used wisely,
they can help build a good credit score. However, credit cards can be dangerous
if people spend too much and cannot pay back their debt. High interest rates and
hidden fees can cause financial problems. Some people prefer debit cards or cash
to avoid these risks.

3. How easy is it to exchange money in your country?

In big cities and tourist areas, exchanging money is simple because banks and
exchange offices are easy to find. Many ATMs also allow people to withdraw
foreign currency. However, exchange rates can be different from place to place,
and some businesses charge high fees. It is important to check the rates before
exchanging money to get the best deal. In smaller towns, it can be harder to find
a good exchange office.

4. What are the different methods for paying bills?

There are several ways to pay bills. Many people use online banking or mobile
apps, which are fast and convenient. Some prefer using credit or debit cards at
stores or banks. Automatic payments are useful because they prevent late fees.
Others still go to post offices or payment centers to pay in cash. Although online
payments are the easiest, older people or those without internet access may
prefer traditional methods.

5. Have you ever had a negative experience with a public utility

company? What was it?
Yes, many people have bad experiences with utility companies. For example,
sometimes electricity, water, or internet services stop working, and companies
take too long to fix the problem. Customer service can also be frustrating
because waiting times on the phone are very long. In some cases, bills are higher
than expected, and companies do not explain the charges clearly. These issues
make customers feel dissatisfied.

6. Can you think of an experience when you were particularly satisfied

with a public utility company?
Yes, a good experience is when a company quickly solves a problem. For
example, if the internet stops working and the company sends a technician the
same day, customers feel satisfied. Another example is when a company
provides clear and helpful information about their services. Good customer
service, fair prices, and fast problem-solving make people happy with utility
companies.

7. What facilities do you have at post offices in your country?

Post offices offer many services besides sending letters and packages. People can
pay bills, buy stamps, and send registered mail. Some post offices also provide
banking services, like money transfers and pension payments. In some places,
post offices sell office supplies, phone cards, and lottery tickets. Recently, many
post offices have introduced self-service machines to make transactions faster.

8. What online services have you used?

I have used many online services, including banking, shopping, and streaming
platforms like Netflix. Online banking makes it easy to transfer money, pay bills,
and check account balances. Online shopping is convenient because I can buy
things without going to a store. Food delivery services are also useful when I
don’t have time to cook. However, sometimes websites are slow, or deliveries
take longer than expected, which can be frustrating.

9. How do you think services provided in hospitals have recently

changed in your country?
Hospital services have improved in many ways. Online appointment booking has
made it easier to see a doctor. Medical technology has also advanced, allowing
for faster diagnoses and better treatments. However, some problems remain,
such as long waiting times and a shortage of doctors and nurses. While private
hospitals often offer better care, they are expensive, making them inaccessible to
some people.

10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of services offered by

travel agencies?
Travel agencies help people plan trips by booking flights, hotels, and tours. They
save time and can offer good travel deals. If a problem occurs during the trip, the
agency can assist in solving it. However, their services can be expensive, and
some people prefer to book everything themselves online. Booking independently
gives more flexibility and sometimes better prices.

11. What catering services do you think should be improved in your

country?
Catering services in schools, hospitals, and workplaces could be improved. In
many places, the food is low quality and not very healthy. It would be better if
they used fresher ingredients and offered more balanced meals. Fast food
delivery services could also be improved by making deliveries quicker and
keeping food warm during transport.
12. Can you think of examples when people are not content with taxi
companies?
Many people complain about taxi services. Sometimes, drivers take longer routes
to increase the fare. In other cases, taxis arrive late or do not come at all. Prices
can also be very high, especially in tourist areas. Some people feel unsafe
because some drivers do not follow traffic rules. Because of these issues, many
people prefer ride-hailing apps like Uber, which are often cheaper and more
reliable.

13. Do you think the services offered by bars and cafés have changed in
recent years?
Yes, bars and cafés have changed a lot. Many places now focus on high-quality
coffee, healthy food options, and stylish interiors. Free Wi-Fi and comfortable
seating make them more attractive to customers. However, prices have also
increased, and some cafés charge too much for small portions. In big cities,
competition is strong, so businesses must constantly improve their services to
attract customers.

14. What are the negative aspects of airport services?

Airports can be stressful because of long security checks and crowded terminals.
Food and drinks are very expensive, and sometimes flights get delayed, causing
inconvenience. Baggage handling is another problem, as luggage can be lost or
damaged. In large airports, it is easy to get lost, and passengers have to walk
long distances to reach their gates. These factors make traveling less enjoyable.

15. How are tourists provided with proper information in your country?
Tourists can find information at visitor centers, on official travel websites, and
through mobile apps. Many cities have signs and maps in multiple languages to
help foreigners. In big cities, public transport systems often have English
announcements. However, in smaller towns, it can be difficult for tourists to get
help because not everyone speaks English. More multilingual staff in tourist areas
would make travel easier for visitors.

Current affairs

1. What could we list under the topic of biodiversity?

Biodiversity refers to the incredible variety of life forms on Earth, including
animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It also covers the ecosystems in
which these organisms live, such as forests, oceans, rivers, lakes, wetlands,
grasslands, and even urban environments. Additionally, biodiversity includes
genetic diversity, which allows species to adapt to environmental changes and
survive over time. Biodiversity plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of
ecosystems by ensuring that food chains function properly, natural resources
regenerate, and the environment remains balanced. Without biodiversity, the
natural world would be less resilient to challenges like climate change, disease
outbreaks, and habitat destruction.

2. Why do you think 2010 was declared the year of biodiversity?

The United Nations declared 2010 the International Year of Biodiversity to raise
global awareness about the rapid decline of species and the urgent need for
conservation efforts. This initiative aimed to highlight the importance of
biodiversity in sustaining life on Earth and encourage people, governments, and
organizations to take action. Scientists had been warning that human activities,
such as deforestation, pollution, urbanization, and overfishing, were leading to
the extinction of thousands of species. The declaration of 2010 as the year of
biodiversity was meant to inspire policies, educational campaigns, and global
cooperation to protect endangered species, restore damaged ecosystems, and
promote sustainable practices. The year also served as a reminder that
biodiversity loss directly affects human well-being by threatening food security,
clean water supplies, and climate stability.

3. How is our planet affected by enhanced biodiversity?

A planet with rich biodiversity benefits in many ways. Firstly, biodiversity
strengthens ecosystems, making them more resilient to environmental changes.
Forests with a variety of trees and plants, for example, absorb more carbon
dioxide and help regulate the climate. Oceans filled with diverse marine life
contribute to healthy fish populations, which are essential for food security.
Additionally, biodiversity plays a key role in natural processes such as pollination,
water purification, and soil fertility. Bees and butterflies, for instance, pollinate
crops, ensuring that fruits and vegetables grow properly. Wetlands filter water,
removing toxins and improving water quality. Furthermore, biodiversity provides
numerous economic benefits. Many industries, such as agriculture, medicine, and
tourism, depend on healthy ecosystems. If biodiversity continues to decline, it
could lead to severe consequences, including food shortages, increased natural
disasters, and the spread of diseases due to weakened ecosystems.

4. What are the facts and presuppositions about our world?

One undeniable fact is that biodiversity is declining at an alarming rate due to
human activities. Deforestation, climate change, pollution, and habitat
destruction are causing thousands of species to disappear each year. Scientists
estimate that the current extinction rate is 100 to 1,000 times higher than the
natural background rate. Another fact is that humans rely heavily on biodiversity
for survival, whether for food, medicine, clean air, or stable weather patterns.
However, there are many common assumptions or misconceptions about
biodiversity. Some people believe that technology will always provide solutions,
making conservation efforts unnecessary. Others assume that biodiversity loss
only affects animals and plants, without realizing its direct impact on human life.
Another misconception is that biodiversity is only important in rainforests or
oceans, while in reality, every environment, including cities and farmlands, relies
on biodiversity for sustainability. Understanding these facts and false beliefs is
crucial for taking responsible actions to protect the environment.

5. Where can we experience places rich in biodiversity?

Biodiversity can be found all around the world, but certain places are particularly
rich in species. Tropical rainforests, such as the Amazon, the Congo Basin, and
Southeast Asian jungles, are among the most biodiverse regions on Earth. They
contain millions of species, many of which are still undiscovered. Coral reefs, like
the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, are also biodiversity hotspots, home to
thousands of marine species, including fish, sea turtles, and corals. Other high-
biodiversity areas include mangroves, wetlands, savannas, and mountain regions,
where unique species have adapted to their specific environments. National
parks and protected areas, such as Yellowstone in the USA, the Galápagos
Islands, and the Serengeti in Africa, help preserve biodiversity by maintaining
natural habitats. Even in urban environments, biodiversity can be experienced in
parks, botanical gardens, and nature reserves, where plants, birds, and insects
contribute to the ecological balance.

6. What precaution can we take to save what we still have?

There are many steps we can take to protect biodiversity and ensure that future
generations inherit a healthy planet. On a global level, governments need to
create and enforce laws that protect endangered species and their habitats.
Deforestation must be reduced, and more areas should be designated as national
parks and nature reserves. Sustainable farming and fishing practices should be
promoted to prevent overexploitation of natural resources. At an individual level,
people can contribute by reducing waste, recycling, and using eco-friendly
products. Reducing plastic consumption, for example, can significantly help
marine life, as plastic pollution is a major threat to ocean biodiversity. Supporting
local farmers and choosing sustainably sourced products can also make a
difference. Additionally, educating communities about the importance of
biodiversity and encouraging responsible consumer behavior will help create a
more environmentally conscious society. Every small action, from planting trees
to conserving water, can contribute to protecting biodiversity.

7. For what activities do we need biodiversity on our planet?

Biodiversity is essential for many aspects of human life, ranging from basic
survival to cultural and economic activities. Agriculture relies on biodiversity to
provide a variety of fruits, vegetables, grains, and livestock. Different plants and
animals contribute to a balanced diet and ensure food security. Biodiversity is
also crucial for medicine, as many pharmaceutical drugs are derived from plants,
fungi, and microorganisms. For example, the cancer treatment drug paclitaxel
comes from the Pacific yew tree, and many antibiotics are produced from soil
bacteria. Tourism and recreation also depend on biodiversity, as national parks,
safaris, coral reefs, and hiking trails attract millions of visitors worldwide.
Additionally, biodiversity supports industries like forestry, fishing, and textiles,
which provide raw materials for furniture, clothing, and construction. Beyond
practical uses, biodiversity contributes to the cultural and spiritual values of
societies, as many indigenous traditions and religious beliefs are deeply
connected to nature. Without biodiversity, human life would be less diverse, less
sustainable, and far more vulnerable to environmental challenges.

Challenges

1. How well do people – adults and children alike – know the Highway
Code in Hungary?
The level of knowledge about traffic rules varies among people in Hungary.
Drivers generally have a good understanding of the Highway Code since it is a
requirement for obtaining a driving license. However, pedestrians, cyclists, and
young people often have less knowledge of the rules, which increases the risk of
accidents. Children are taught basic traffic rules at school, but in real-life
situations, they may not always follow them. Adults, on the other hand, might
forget certain rules or ignore them in specific traffic situations. To improve
general awareness, more educational campaigns, training programs, and police
inspections would be necessary.

2. How could we educate the young about the importance of obeying

traffic rules?
It is essential to introduce children to traffic rules from an early age. Schools
could implement traffic education programs with interactive lessons to help
children understand the importance of road safety. Practical training, such as
traffic parks where children can practice pedestrian and cycling rules, would also
be beneficial. Additionally, media campaigns, online educational content, and
parental guidance play a crucial role. If parents follow traffic rules and set a good
example, young people are more likely to adopt safe habits.

3. Why is it necessary for both pedestrians and drivers to know the

rules?
For traffic to function safely and efficiently, both pedestrians and drivers must be
aware of the rules. If a driver does not know that they must give way to
pedestrians at a crosswalk, serious accidents can occur. Similarly, if a pedestrian
ignores traffic lights or fails to pay attention to their surroundings, they put
themselves at risk. Traffic rules are designed to create a safe and harmonious
environment on the roads, and it is everyone's responsibility to learn and follow
them. The greater the awareness of traffic regulations, the lower the chances of
accidents and conflicts.

4. What changes have there been in traffic rules since our accession to
the EU?
Since Hungary joined the European Union in 2004, several traffic rules have been
modified to align with EU standards. One of the most significant changes has
been the improvement of road safety measures, including stricter speed limits,
more frequent police checks, and higher fines for traffic violations. The
introduction of the electronic toll system (e-vignette) has modernized the
payment process for highway use. Safety regulations, such as mandatory
daytime running lights and the use of child safety seats, have also become more
important. Additionally, cycling has been promoted through the construction of
new bike lanes and the mandatory use of high-visibility vests in certain situations.
EU regulations continue to influence and improve Hungary’s traffic system.

5. Why would it be important to be more familiar with and keep

transport rules and regulations?
Understanding and following traffic rules is essential to preventing accidents and
ensuring the smooth flow of traffic. If everyone is aware of the regulations and
follows them, there will be fewer road conflicts and traffic congestion. For
example, if drivers pay more attention to pedestrians, the number of accidents at
crosswalks will decrease. Moreover, staying up to date with traffic laws can help
avoid fines and even the suspension of a driving license. It is also important to
keep up with new transport regulations related to modern technology, such as
electric scooters and self-driving cars, as these innovations continue to shape the
future of transportation.

6. What role model should we follow to reach the golden middle course
in traffic-related issues?
When improving traffic culture, it is useful to look at countries with low accident
rates and high compliance with traffic rules. Scandinavian countries such as
Sweden and Norway set a great example in road safety. They run strong public
awareness campaigns, and traffic violations are strictly punished. Education and
awareness play a crucial role in these nations. Another great example is the
Netherlands, where cycling infrastructure is highly developed, reducing car traffic
and air pollution. Hungary could learn from these models to create a safer, more
organized, and more efficient transport system.

Health

1. How important do you think health is in the life of people?

Health is one of the most important aspects of life because it affects every other
area, including work, relationships, and overall happiness. When people are
healthy, they can enjoy life more, be productive, and contribute to society. Good
health allows individuals to pursue their goals, travel, and engage in activities
they love. On the other hand, poor health can lead to physical and emotional
suffering, financial burdens, and reduced quality of life. That’s why taking care of
one’s health through proper nutrition, regular exercise, and medical check-ups is
essential.

2. What precautions do they take as far as prevention is concerned?

Prevention plays a key role in maintaining good health and avoiding serious
illnesses. Many people take precautions such as eating a balanced diet, engaging
in physical activity, and avoiding harmful habits like smoking or excessive alcohol
consumption. Vaccinations are also an important preventive measure to protect
against infectious diseases. Regular medical check-ups help detect potential
health problems early. In addition, mental health is receiving more attention
nowadays, and people are encouraged to reduce stress and get enough rest to
maintain overall well-being.

3. What free steps can we take to avoid everyday health problems?

There are several free and simple ways to maintain good health. Drinking enough
water, eating homemade meals instead of processed food, and getting at least
seven hours of sleep each night can have a significant impact. Daily physical
activity, such as walking or cycling, also improves overall health. Maintaining
hygiene, like washing hands regularly, helps prevent infections. Moreover,
spending time outdoors and reducing screen time can benefit mental health.
Finally, avoiding excessive stress by practicing relaxation techniques, such as
meditation or deep breathing, is another effective step toward well-being.

4. How concerned are people towards others in your country?

People’s attitudes toward others’ health vary. Some individuals are highly aware
of the importance of taking care of not just their own health but also that of
others. For example, during flu season, many people wear masks or stay at home
when they are sick to avoid spreading illness. However, there are also those who
ignore these concerns and continue their daily routines, even when feeling
unwell. In general, awareness is growing, and more people are trying to be
responsible by following hygiene and safety measures, especially after the
COVID-19 pandemic.

5. When do people turn to specialists with questions of health?

People usually seek the advice of specialists when they experience persistent
symptoms, chronic illnesses, or health conditions that general practitioners
cannot treat. In many cases, individuals first visit a family doctor, who may refer
them to a specialist if further examination or treatment is needed. Some also turn
to specialists for preventive screenings, such as cardiologists for heart health or
dermatologists for skin checks. Additionally, mental health professionals, such as
psychologists or psychiatrists, are consulted when people face emotional or
psychological difficulties.

6. How does the NHS support prevention in Hungary?

In Hungary, the National Health Service (NHS) provides various preventive
measures to help people maintain good health. Regular screenings, such as
cancer tests, blood pressure monitoring, and cholesterol checks, are available to
detect diseases early. Vaccination programs protect against infectious diseases,
and maternity care supports pregnant women with medical check-ups and
advice. Family doctors offer guidance on healthy living and refer patients to
specialists when necessary. Additionally, campaigns promote awareness of issues
such as smoking cessation, healthy eating, and physical activity.

7. How could we make the healthcare system better?

Improving the healthcare system requires better funding, more efficient
organization, and an increased focus on prevention. Investing in modern medical
equipment and digitalizing patient records could speed up treatments. Reducing
waiting times for specialist appointments would also make a significant
difference. Encouraging more young professionals to enter the medical field by
offering competitive salaries and better working conditions would help address
staff shortages. Finally, promoting a healthier lifestyle through education and
public health programs could reduce the burden on hospitals and doctors.

Public life

1. What do you consider to be corruption?

Corruption refers to dishonest or unethical behavior by individuals in positions of
power. It includes bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, and abuse of authority for
personal gain. Corruption can happen at various levels, from small-scale acts like
paying a bribe to avoid a fine to large-scale government scandals involving
misused public funds. In many cases, corruption leads to economic inequality,
social injustice, and a loss of trust in institutions.

2. How can you find out if there is any corruption happening in a

country?
There are several ways to detect corruption in a country. Transparency reports
from international organizations like Transparency International provide
corruption rankings for different countries. Media investigations, whistleblower
testimonies, and leaked government documents also reveal corruption cases. In
addition, people can notice signs such as frequent political scandals, lack of
public accountability, and unusually high levels of bureaucracy, which may
indicate a corrupt system.

3. In which fields of life is it possible to find any kind of corruption in a

country?
Corruption can occur in nearly every field of life. In politics, it manifests through
election fraud, bribery, or misuse of government funds. In business, companies
may engage in corrupt practices like insider trading or tax evasion. In healthcare,
corruption may involve doctors receiving bribes to prioritize certain patients. The
education system can also be affected if students or parents pay for better
grades. Even law enforcement is not immune, as police officers may accept
bribes to ignore crimes.

4. What could individuals do to stop incidents of corruption from

happening?
Individuals can play a crucial role in combating corruption. They should refuse to
participate in bribery or dishonest practices, even when faced with difficult
situations. Reporting corrupt activities to authorities or anti-corruption
organizations can help expose wrongdoing. Supporting transparency initiatives
and voting for honest political leaders also contribute to reducing corruption.
Raising awareness about ethical behavior in schools and workplaces can further
encourage a culture of integrity.

5. What measures can the authorities take against corruption?

Governments can fight corruption by implementing strict laws and ensuring that
they are properly enforced. Increasing transparency in financial transactions and
public contracts can reduce opportunities for bribery. Establishing independent
anti-corruption agencies, protecting whistleblowers, and encouraging
investigative journalism are also effective measures. Digitalizing government
services can help eliminate direct human interactions, reducing the chances of
bribery.

6. To what extent is corruption a worldwide phenomenon?

Corruption is a global issue that affects both developed and developing countries.
However, its severity varies from place to place. While some countries have
strong legal frameworks and transparency mechanisms that limit corruption,
others struggle with deeply rooted corrupt systems. High-profile corruption cases
have been uncovered in nearly every region of the world, proving that no country
is entirely free from it. Nevertheless, international efforts, such as anti-corruption
treaties and transparency campaigns, aim to reduce its impact worldwide.
 The European union

1. What role does the EU play in the world (economically, politically)?

The EU is one of the largest economic and political entities globally. Economically,
it operates as a single market, promoting free trade among member states and
negotiating trade agreements with other countries. It also plays a crucial role in
regulating industries, ensuring consumer protection, and providing financial aid
to struggling economies. Politically, the EU promotes democracy, human rights,
and international cooperation. It has a strong diplomatic presence and often
mediates in global conflicts or crises.

2. Why is it good to be part of the EU?

Being part of the EU offers several benefits, including access to the single
market, which allows free movement of goods, services, capital, and people.
Citizens can travel, work, and study in any member state without restrictions. The
EU also provides financial support for economic development, research, and
infrastructure projects. Additionally, EU membership enhances political stability
and security through cooperation in defense and law enforcement.

3. Are you up-to-date in the actions of the EU? Why/why not?

Staying up-to-date with EU affairs can be challenging due to the complexity of its
policies and decision-making processes. However, many people follow major EU
decisions through news, social media, and official EU publications. Those
interested in politics or international relations may actively track EU activities,
while others may not pay close attention unless a policy directly affects them.

4. What EU institutions are you familiar with?

Some of the key EU institutions include:
 European Parliament – Represents EU citizens and makes laws.
 European Commission – Proposes laws and enforces EU policies.
 European Council – Composed of national leaders who set the EU's
political agenda.
 Council of the EU – Represents member states’ governments and co-
legislates with the Parliament.
 European Central Bank (ECB) – Manages the euro and monetary policy.
 Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) – Ensures EU law is applied correctly.

5. What is the role of the European Parliament?

The European Parliament is responsible for making laws, approving the EU
budget, and overseeing other EU institutions. Members of the European
Parliament (MEPs) are elected by citizens of member states. The Parliament
works closely with the European Commission and the Council of the EU to pass
legislation that affects all member states.

6. What is the significance of the Schengen borders?

The Schengen Agreement allows passport-free travel between participating
countries, making movement easier for citizens, tourists, and businesses. It
promotes economic growth, cultural exchange, and convenience while also
requiring strong external border controls to prevent illegal immigration and
crime.

7. What are the advantages of the common currency, the euro?

The euro simplifies trade, travel, and investment across eurozone countries by
eliminating currency exchange costs and fluctuations. It strengthens economic
stability and makes the EU a more competitive global economic player. However,
it also presents challenges, such as the inability of individual countries to control
their monetary policies.

8. Do you think the eurozone should be extended? Why/why not?

Extending the eurozone could further integrate the EU economy, making trade
and financial transactions even smoother. However, some countries may struggle
to meet the economic stability criteria required to adopt the euro. Maintaining
independent monetary policies can also be beneficial in times of economic crisis.

9. Why do people decide to move within the EU?

People move within the EU for various reasons, including better job opportunities,
higher wages, education, and an improved quality of life. Others move for
personal reasons, such as family reunification or retirement in another country
with a better climate or cost of living.

10. Do you think the EU should be further enlarged? Why/why not?

Enlarging the EU could bring economic growth, political stability, and increased
global influence. However, new members must meet strict criteria, and
enlargement may strain the EU's resources. Some argue that deeper integration
among existing members is more important than expansion.

11. What is the point in annexing poorer countries into the Union?
Including poorer countries helps stabilize the region, improve economic
conditions, and promote democracy. It also provides new markets for EU
businesses. However, integrating poorer nations requires significant financial
support from wealthier EU members, which can be controversial.

12. What do you think happens to national identities within the EU?
While EU integration encourages a shared European identity, national identities
remain strong. Some fear that EU policies might erode cultural traditions, but in
reality, the EU promotes cultural diversity and multilingualism. The balance
between national and European identity varies among countries.

13. What do you consider to be the most difficult problem in the EU?
Some of the biggest challenges include economic inequality among member
states, migration policies, climate change, and political disagreements over
decision-making processes. The rise of nationalism and euroskepticism also
threatens EU unity.

14. What do you think the future prospects of the EU are?

The EU will likely continue evolving, facing both opportunities and challenges.
Strengthening economic ties, digital transformation, and climate policies will
shape its future. However, maintaining unity among diverse member states and
addressing political tensions will be crucial for long-term stability.

Travelling

Does a holiday always necessarily involve travelling?

No, a holiday does not always mean travelling. Some people prefer to stay at
home and rest, spending time with family or doing hobbies they enjoy. Others
might take a "staycation," exploring their own city or nearby places without going
too far. However, for many, travelling is an important part of a holiday because it
allows them to experience new cultures, meet different people, and take a break
from their daily routine.

What means of transportation are ideal for the various types of

journeys?
The best means of transportation depends on the distance and purpose of the
journey. For long distances, airplanes are the fastest and most convenient,
especially for international travel. Trains are a great option for medium distances,
as they offer comfort and a scenic view. Buses are usually more affordable but
can be slower and less comfortable. In cities, public transportation like trams,
metros, and buses is efficient and environmentally friendly. Cars give flexibility
and independence, but they can lead to traffic congestion and parking problems.
For short distances, walking or cycling is a healthy and eco-friendly choice.

What do you think of airport security measures?

Airport security measures are necessary to keep passengers safe, but they can
sometimes feel strict and time-consuming. Security checks, such as scanning
luggage and checking passports, help prevent dangerous situations. However,
long queues and strict liquid restrictions can be frustrating for travelers. In recent
years, technology has improved security procedures, making them faster and
more efficient. While some people find these measures inconvenient, most agree
that safety is more important than comfort.

What do you have to prepare if you travel to an exotic place?

Travelling to an exotic place requires careful preparation. First, it is important to
check visa and passport requirements to avoid problems at the airport. Some
destinations require vaccinations or health precautions, so visiting a doctor
beforehand is a good idea. Packing suitable clothes for the climate is also
essential, especially in tropical or extreme weather conditions. Learning a few
basic phrases in the local language can be very helpful in communication.
Additionally, researching local customs and traditions helps travelers show
respect and avoid misunderstandings. Finally, organizing travel insurance is a
smart decision in case of emergencies.

Do you think Hungary has safe roads?

Hungary’s road safety has improved over the years, but there are still some
issues. Highways and main roads are generally in good condition and well-
maintained. However, in smaller towns and rural areas, roads can be narrow,
poorly lit, or have potholes, which can be dangerous, especially in bad weather.
Traffic rules are strict, and speed limits are enforced, but accidents still happen,
often due to reckless driving or speeding. While driving in Hungary is mostly safe,
cyclists and pedestrians need to be extra careful, as some roads lack proper bike
lanes or crossings.

Does public transportation in Hungary meet the expectations of

passengers?
Public transportation in Hungary is well-developed, especially in cities like
Budapest, where buses, trams, and the metro system make commuting easy. The
services are generally reliable and affordable compared to other European
countries. However, in smaller towns and rural areas, public transport can be less
frequent, making it inconvenient for people who rely on it. Delays and
overcrowding during rush hours can also be a problem. Overall, while Hungary’s
public transport system meets the basic needs of passengers, there is always
room for improvement in terms of modernizing vehicles and expanding routes.
What role does tourism play in your hometown?
Tourism plays an important role in my hometown, as it helps the local economy
by creating jobs and supporting businesses like hotels, restaurants, and souvenir
shops. Many visitors come to see historical sites, natural attractions, or cultural
events. Tourism also helps to preserve traditions and introduce Hungarian culture
to people from around the world. However, in some cases, too many tourists can
lead to overcrowding and higher prices for locals. Overall, tourism has a positive
impact, as long as it is managed in a sustainable way.

How do you imagine travelling in the future?

In the future, travelling will probably be more advanced and eco-friendly. New
technology might make flying faster and more comfortable, and electric or
hydrogen-powered planes could reduce pollution. High-speed trains might
become more popular, replacing short-haul flights to reduce carbon emissions. In
cities, self-driving cars and improved public transport could make commuting
easier. Virtual reality might also play a role, allowing people to explore places
from home. However, I believe that no matter how much technology develops,
people will always love real travel experiences because nothing can replace the
feeling of being in a new place and experiencing different cultures firsthand.

Communication

How widespread is using icons, pictures, or videos for communicating in

your generation?
In my generation, using icons, pictures, and videos has become extremely
common. Emojis and GIFs help express emotions quickly in messages, while
memes and short videos are widely shared on social media. Many people prefer
sending a picture or a voice message instead of typing long texts. This form of
communication is fast, fun, and more expressive than plain words. However, it
can sometimes lead to misunderstandings, as icons and images may have
different meanings for different people.

What do the different generations use their phone for?

Different generations use their phones in different ways. Younger people mainly
use smartphones for social media, messaging, and entertainment, such as
watching videos or playing games. They also rely on their phones for online
shopping and navigation. Older generations, on the other hand, often use their
phones for more traditional purposes, like calling or texting family and friends.
However, many middle-aged and older people are becoming more active on
social media and learning to use modern apps for banking, reading news, or even
video calling.
How has the unlimited availability of the Internet changed the way
people communicate?
The Internet has completely transformed communication. People can now stay in
touch instantly, no matter where they are in the world. Social media, emails, and
messaging apps have replaced traditional letters and even phone calls. Online
communication is fast and convenient, but it also has downsides. Many people
spend more time chatting online than talking face-to-face, which can weaken
personal relationships. Additionally, misinformation spreads quickly, and privacy
concerns have become more serious. Despite these challenges, the Internet has
made communication easier, especially for work, education, and maintaining
long-distance relationships.

What is the influence of new communication devices on face-to-face

human relations?
New communication devices have both positive and negative effects on face-to-
face interactions. On one hand, smartphones and smart devices help people stay
connected, allowing them to communicate even when they are far apart. On the
other hand, many people spend too much time on their devices, even when they
are with friends or family. It is common to see people checking their phones
during conversations, which can make interactions less personal. While
technology helps people stay in touch, it is important to find a balance and not
let it replace real-life social interactions.

How is the television a communication device?

Television is a traditional but still relevant communication device. It delivers
news, entertainment, and educational content to a large audience. Television
connects people by broadcasting important events, debates, and cultural
programs. Although it is mostly a one-way communication tool, modern TV allows
for more interaction through smart features, online streaming, and social media
integration. Unlike the Internet, television provides curated content, which can be
more reliable, but it is also less flexible than online platforms where users can
choose what they want to watch or participate in discussions.

How has learning English influenced your possibilities in

communication?
Learning English has significantly improved my communication possibilities.
English is a global language, so knowing it allows me to connect with people from
different countries. It helps me in travel, online communication, and even
accessing more educational and professional opportunities. English also gives me
access to a wider range of information, as many books, websites, and research
materials are available in English. Without English, it would be much harder to
understand international news, follow trends, or participate in global
conversations.

What future forms of communication do you expect to appear?

In the future, communication will likely become even faster and more immersive.
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) could allow people to have
meetings or conversations in a digital space that feels real. Artificial intelligence
(AI) might help with instant translations, making communication easier between
different languages. Holograms could replace video calls, making it seem like
people are in the same room even when they are far apart. While these
technologies could improve communication, there might also be concerns about
privacy and the loss of personal interactions.

Environmental problems
1. What are the various forms of pollution?
Pollution can be categorized into several types, including air, water, soil, and
noise pollution. Air pollution is mainly caused by vehicle emissions, industrial
activities, and burning fossil fuels. It leads to serious health problems such as
respiratory diseases and global warming. Water pollution occurs when chemicals,
plastic waste, and industrial waste contaminate rivers, lakes, and oceans,
harming marine life and human health. Soil pollution happens due to the
excessive use of pesticides, fertilizers, and improper waste disposal, making land
unsuitable for agriculture. Noise pollution, caused by traffic, construction, and
loud industries, affects mental health and can lead to stress and sleep
disturbances.

2. What can we do against the harmful effects of pollution?

There are many ways to reduce pollution and its harmful effects. Governments
can implement stricter environmental regulations, promote clean energy, and
invest in public transportation to reduce emissions. Individuals can contribute by
using eco-friendly products, reducing waste, recycling, and using public transport
or bicycles instead of cars. Planting trees and creating green spaces in cities can
also help absorb carbon dioxide and improve air quality. Education is key—raising
awareness about pollution and its consequences encourages people to make
sustainable choices in their daily lives.

3. What do you know of alternative energy sources?

Alternative energy sources are sustainable and environmentally friendly options
that replace fossil fuels. Some of the most common include solar energy, which
uses sunlight to generate electricity; wind energy, which relies on wind turbines;
and hydroelectric power, which converts water flow into electricity. Geothermal
energy uses heat from the Earth’s interior, while bioenergy is produced from
organic materials like wood, crop waste, and animal manure. These sources help
reduce carbon emissions, decrease reliance on non-renewable resources, and
provide a long-term solution for global energy needs.

4. What means can be used to reduce environmental pollution?

Reducing environmental pollution requires efforts from both governments and
individuals. One effective method is recycling, which reduces waste and
conserves natural resources. Switching to renewable energy and improving
energy efficiency in homes and industries can significantly cut emissions. Using
electric or hybrid vehicles, developing better public transport systems, and
encouraging carpooling can also lower pollution levels. Businesses should adopt
sustainable practices, such as reducing plastic packaging and minimizing
industrial waste. Lastly, environmental laws should be enforced more strictly to
ensure industries comply with eco-friendly regulations.

5. Why is recycling important?

Recycling is important because it helps reduce waste, conserve natural
resources, and lower pollution levels. By recycling paper, plastic, glass, and
metal, we decrease the need for raw materials, which reduces deforestation,
mining, and energy consumption. It also minimizes landfill waste, preventing soil
and water contamination. Additionally, recycling plays a role in fighting climate
change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from waste incineration and
production processes. Encouraging people to recycle and making recycling
facilities more accessible are essential steps toward a more sustainable future.

6. What are the most pressing issues addressed by green activists

nowadays?
Green activists focus on several critical environmental issues. One of the most
urgent problems is climate change, caused by greenhouse gas emissions from
burning fossil fuels. Activists push for policies that promote renewable energy and
reduce carbon footprints. Another major issue is plastic pollution, as millions of
tons of plastic waste end up in the oceans, harming marine life. Deforestation is
also a serious concern, as it destroys ecosystems and contributes to climate
change. Additionally, activists campaign for animal rights, sustainable
agriculture, and reducing food waste. Their goal is to encourage governments,
businesses, and individuals to adopt more eco-friendly practices.

Culture

1. What role does art have in the life of your generation?

Art plays an important role in the life of my generation as a means of self-
expression, entertainment, and social commentary. Many young people engage
with art in various forms, such as music, painting, photography, and digital art.
Social media platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube have made it easier
for artists to share their work with a global audience. Additionally, art is a
powerful tool for addressing social and political issues, as many young artists use
it to raise awareness about topics like climate change, mental health, and
equality. Street art and graffiti have also become popular, often serving as a form
of protest or cultural representation.
2. What local cultural events would you recommend to a foreigner?
Hungary has many cultural events that I would recommend to a foreign visitor.
One of the most famous is the Sziget Festival, held in Budapest, which is one of
Europe’s biggest music festivals, featuring international and local artists. For
those interested in traditional Hungarian culture, the Busó Festival in Mohács
is a must-see, where people wear scary masks and celebrate the end of winter.
The Budapest Wine Festival is perfect for wine lovers who want to taste
Hungary’s best wines while enjoying the beautiful view from Buda Castle. The
Miskolc Opera Festival is a great event for those interested in classical music.
Lastly, the Christmas Markets in Budapest are magical during the winter,
offering traditional food, handmade crafts, and festive decorations.

3. What is the role of the government in presenting historic

monuments?
The government has a significant role in preserving and presenting historic
monuments. It is responsible for funding restoration projects, ensuring that these
sites remain in good condition for future generations. Governments also promote
these monuments through tourism campaigns, making them accessible to
visitors. Education is another important aspect, as schools often organize trips to
historic sites to teach students about their cultural heritage. Additionally,
governments must create laws and regulations to protect monuments from
vandalism, pollution, and urban development. In some cases, they collaborate
with international organizations, such as UNESCO, to maintain and restore
important sites.

4. What is the role of international funding in preserving historic

monuments?
International funding plays a crucial role in preserving historic monuments,
especially in countries where national budgets are limited. Organizations like
UNESCO provide financial and technical support for the restoration of World
Heritage Sites. The European Union also funds cultural heritage projects in
member states, helping to maintain and promote historic sites. Additionally,
private foundations and non-governmental organizations contribute to
conservation efforts by providing grants and expertise. International cooperation
is essential because cultural heritage belongs to all of humanity, and preserving
it ensures that future generations can learn from and appreciate the past.

5. What do you know of World Heritage Sites in Hungary?

Hungary is home to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites that reflect its rich
history and culture. Budapest’s Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle
Quarter, and Andrássy Avenue are recognized for their architectural and
historical significance. Hollókő, a traditional village, represents Hungary’s rural
heritage and folk culture. Hortobágy National Park, the country’s largest
natural grassland, is important for its unique landscape and wildlife.
Pannonhalma Archabbey is a historic monastery that has been a center of
learning and religion for centuries. Tokaj Wine Region is famous for its high-
quality wines and centuries-old winemaking traditions. These sites attract many
tourists and contribute to Hungary’s cultural identity.

Studying/work

1. What is the role of university education nowadays?

University education plays a crucial role in modern society by preparing
individuals for specialized careers, fostering critical thinking, and encouraging
innovation. While some argue that practical skills and work experience are more
important, a university degree still provides valuable knowledge, networking
opportunities, and credibility in the job market. In addition, higher education
institutions contribute to research and development, which drives technological
and scientific progress. However, with the rise of online courses and vocational
training programs, the traditional university model is being challenged, making
education more accessible and flexible.

2. Which fields of study are the most popular and why?

The most popular fields of study today are often those that offer strong job
prospects and high salaries. Technology-related fields, such as computer science,
data science, and artificial intelligence, are in high demand due to the rapid
digitalization of industries. Business and economics remain attractive because
they provide versatile career options in management, finance, and marketing.
Medicine and healthcare are also popular, as there is a continuous need for
doctors, nurses, and medical researchers. Engineering fields such as mechanical,
electrical, and civil engineering offer well-paid jobs, especially in infrastructure
and renewable energy. Additionally, psychology and social sciences have gained
popularity as mental health awareness grows.

3. What do you think of lifelong learning?

Lifelong learning is essential in today’s fast-changing world. Due to technological
advancements and economic shifts, many jobs require continuous skill
development. Online courses, workshops, and training programs allow people to
stay competitive in the job market. Moreover, lifelong learning is not just about
professional development; it also helps individuals grow personally, stay mentally
active, and adapt to new challenges. In an era where automation is replacing
certain jobs, those who continue to learn and upskill have a better chance of
securing stable employment.

4. What is the connection between the level of education and chances of

employment?
Generally, higher levels of education increase the chances of employment.
People with university degrees or specialized training have access to a wider
range of job opportunities and often receive higher salaries. Employers tend to
prefer candidates with strong qualifications because they assume these
individuals have better problem-solving and analytical skills. However, in some
fields, practical experience can be just as important as formal education. For
example, in IT, many successful programmers are self-taught. Additionally, some
manual labor jobs, such as plumbing and electrical work, offer stable
employment without requiring a university degree.

5. What factors make up a favourable work environment?

A favourable work environment is one where employees feel valued, motivated,
and productive. Some key factors include:
 Good communication between colleagues and management.
 Fair salaries and benefits that reflect employees’ skills and efforts.
 Work-life balance, including flexible working hours or remote work options.
 Opportunities for career growth, such as promotions and training
programs.
 A positive workplace culture, where teamwork and mutual respect are
encouraged.
 Safe and comfortable working conditions, both physically and mentally.
When these factors are present, employees tend to be more satisfied,
which increases productivity and reduces turnover rates.

6. What is the ideal boss-employee relationship like?

An ideal boss-employee relationship is based on mutual respect, trust, and
effective communication. A good boss provides clear expectations, constructive
feedback, and support for professional growth. At the same time, employees
should be responsible, proactive, and open to learning. A boss who listens to
employees' concerns and values their contributions creates a more positive work
atmosphere. Micromanagement can be demotivating, while giving employees
autonomy and responsibility often leads to higher job satisfaction. A balanced
relationship ensures that both the company and the employees benefit.

7. What is the current situation regarding unemployment?

The unemployment situation varies by country and economic conditions. In many
places, the job market has been affected by automation, economic downturns,
and global crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. Certain industries, such as retail
and hospitality, have suffered job losses, while sectors like technology and
healthcare have seen job growth. Additionally, youth unemployment remains a
problem in some regions, as fresh graduates struggle to find positions that match
their qualifications. Governments often try to reduce unemployment through job
training programs, economic incentives, and support for businesses. The rise of
remote work and the gig economy has also changed the traditional employment
landscape, providing new opportunities but sometimes less job security.

Current questions

1. What is the current situation regarding migration and how does it

affect your country?
The current situation regarding migration in my country is quite complex. Many
people continue to migrate, both from neighboring countries and from more
distant regions. Some come in search of better job opportunities, while others are
fleeing conflict or seeking asylum. This has led to a rise in diversity, which can
bring both challenges and benefits. While migration helps to fill labor shortages
and brings cultural diversity, it also places pressure on public services and
housing. In some cases, it has sparked debates about national identity and the
integration of migrants into society.

2. What are the positive and negative consequences of immigration?

There are several positive consequences of immigration. Immigrants often bring
new skills, contribute to the economy by filling jobs that are hard to staff, and
help drive innovation. They also enrich the cultural landscape of a country by
introducing new traditions, cuisines, and languages. However, there are also
negative consequences, including increased competition for housing and jobs,
which can lead to tensions within communities. Additionally, in areas with a high
influx of immigrants, public services may become strained.

3. What are your views on the noise and light pollution of cities?
I believe noise and light pollution are significant problems in modern cities. Noise
pollution can cause stress, disturb people's sleep, and affect overall health. Light
pollution, on the other hand, impacts people's ability to see the stars and disturbs
natural ecosystems. Both of these issues contribute to a lower quality of life for
residents, making it difficult to relax and enjoy nature. It's important that cities
take steps to reduce both, through better urban planning and stricter regulations
on lighting and noise levels.

4. How has the situation of the unemployed changed in the last decade?
Over the last decade, the situation of the unemployed has improved in many
countries, thanks to economic recovery and the development of new industries.
However, in some areas, unemployment rates remain high, especially among
young people and those with lower levels of education. Automation and
technological advancements have also changed the job market, with some
industries disappearing while others emerge. While there are more opportunities
in sectors like technology and healthcare, not everyone has the skills required to
access these jobs.

5. How has the situation of the homeless changed in the last decade?
The situation of the homeless has unfortunately worsened in some parts of the
world over the last decade. Factors such as rising housing costs, poverty, and
mental health issues have contributed to this. While there are more initiatives
and support systems aimed at tackling homelessness, the problem is still
widespread. Many cities have made efforts to provide shelter and help people
transition back into stable housing, but it remains a major social issue that
requires long-term solutions.

6. What is the public opinion on minorities in society?

Public opinion on minorities varies from country to country, but in general, there
has been growing support for diversity and inclusion. Many people recognize the
importance of respecting minorities and providing equal opportunities. However,
there are still challenges, as some individuals or groups may hold prejudiced
views. In recent years, movements for racial equality and LGBTQ+ rights have
gained momentum, but discrimination and inequality still persist in many
societies. Public opinion is slowly shifting, but there is much work to be done.

Hobby

1. What makes a hobby? How is it different from any pastime activity?

A hobby is an activity that someone does regularly in their free time because
they enjoy it. It’s something that brings personal satisfaction, whether it's
creating something, learning new skills, or just having fun. The main difference
between a hobby and a pastime is that hobbies are usually more meaningful or
fulfilling. Pastimes, like watching TV or browsing the internet, are things we do to
relax, but they don’t always make us feel accomplished or excited.

2. Why is it important to have hobbies?

Hobbies are important because they give us a break from the stress of daily life.
They help us relax and unwind, which improves our mental health. Hobbies also
let us express ourselves, learn new things, and develop skills. Having a hobby
can bring joy and satisfaction, making life more balanced and meaningful. It also
provides opportunities to connect with others who have similar interests.
3. Which hobbies do you consider a luxury?
Luxury hobbies are activities that require a lot of money or resources to enjoy.
Examples might include expensive sports like golf or skiing, collecting rare items
like fine art or antiques, or even traveling to exotic locations regularly. These
hobbies are often seen as luxuries because they are not easily affordable for
most people and usually require a lot of time and financial investment.

4. When does a hobby become an obsession?

A hobby becomes an obsession when it starts to take over a person’s life. If
someone spends so much time on their hobby that it affects their work,
relationships, or health, it’s no longer just a hobby. An obsession happens when
the activity becomes too important, and the person feels like they can’t stop or
control it, even if it has negative consequences on other areas of life.

5. When does a hobby become a profession?

A hobby becomes a profession when someone begins to earn money from it and
spends most of their time doing it. For example, if someone loves photography
and starts selling their photos or doing it full-time, it turns into a career. The main
difference is that a hobby is something done for personal enjoyment, while a
profession requires dedication, skill, and usually provides an income.

6. What motivates people to spend much time and money on their

hobby?
People spend time and money on hobbies because they give them joy, relaxation,
and a sense of accomplishment. Hobbies are often an escape from daily
pressures, helping people focus on something they love. Additionally, some
hobbies allow people to improve their skills, achieve personal goals, or connect
with others who share their passion. The rewards of being good at something or
simply enjoying it deeply motivate people to keep investing time and money.