Zeel Varchhadiya
DP21BRAR085
RESEARH METHOD
IDPT SCET
RESEARCH PAPER AND ARTICLES
1. A Systematic Literature Review of Rammed Earth Walls
Authors: H. Niroumand, R. Akbari, K. Khanlari, A. B. Gültekin, J. A. Barcelo
2. Rammed Earth: An Overview of a Sustainable Construction Material
Authors: Daniela Ciancio, Christopher Beckett
3. Studies on the Ageing of Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth Material in Different
Exposure Conditions
Authors: Łukasz Rosicki, Piotr Narloch
4. Rammed Earth: An Overview of a Sustainable Construction Material
Authors: Daniela Ciancio, Christopher Beckett
5. A Report of Contemporary Rammed Earth Construction and Research in North America
Authors: Bly Windstorm, Arno Schmidt
Introduction
Rammed earth is very old way of making buildings People use it for long time because it is strong, keeps
house cool, and good for nature Now many people want to use it again because it do not harm environment
It is made by pressing soil, water, and sometimes cement or lime inside a mold to make walls Many people
study about this and write research papers This review talk about five important papers, how they start,
what they find, and how they do their study
Summary of Articles
1 "A Systematic Review of Rammed Earth Walls" by H Niroumand et al
• Introduction: This paper look at many other studies to understand history and new ideas in rammed
earth.
• Key Ideas: The authors talk about how rammed earth is good for nature, can be recycled, and keeps
room warm or cool naturally They also talk about using small new materials to make it better.
• Methodology: They collect information from many other studies and find what is missing.
• Findings: They say more research is needed to make rules for using rammed earth and to make it
strong in best way.
2 "Rammed Earth: A Look at Sustainable Building" by Daniela Ciancio and Christopher Beckett
• Introduction: This paper talks about how rammed earth is cheap and good for faraway places.
• Key Ideas: It tells that rammed earth is good for places where people don’t have money to buy
building materials It also does not need too much energy to make and helps in keeping house cool.
• Methodology: They study some projects in Australia where rammed earth is used and compare cost
and energy with other buildings.
• Findings: The study says that simple design can help save energy and there is no need for air
conditioning in many rammed earth houses.
3 "Study on How Cement-Stabilized Rammed Earth Change Over Time" by Łukasz Rosicki and Piotr
Narloch
• Introduction: This study looks at how strong rammed earth with cement stays when it is outside for
long time.
• Key Ideas: The authors check what happen when rammed earth face rain, heat, and cold for many
years.
• Methodology: They put rammed earth walls outside in different places and check their strength
after five years.
• Findings: The study says cement makes rammed earth stronger at first, but rain and weather can
make it weak after long time It suggests using coatings to protect it.
4 "Modern Rammed Earth in North America" by Bly Windstorm and Arno Schmidt
• Introduction: This paper talks about how people in North America use rammed earth today with
new ideas.
• Key Ideas: They add steel and insulation in rammed earth to make it stronger and warmer.
• Methodology: They do many tests like checking how strong the walls are and how much they bend.
• Findings: The study says new rammed earth can follow modern building rules but adding steel and
insulation makes it less natural and more costly.
5 "Rammed Earth: Old and New Ways" by Daniela Ciancio and Christopher Beckett
• Introduction: This paper talk about same topic like their first paper but compare old and new ways
of making rammed earth.
• Key Ideas: They say both traditional and modern rammed earth are good, but modern ways can
make it last longer.
• Methodology: They look at old and new projects and compare best methods.
• Findings: They say right design and care can make rammed earth strong for long time without
adding cement.
Where They Do Not Agree
• Cement or No Cement: Some papers say cement makes rammed earth stronger (Rosicki &
Narloch), but others say traditional rammed earth is better for nature (Ciancio & Beckett).
• Keeping House Warm or Cool: Some authors say insulation is needed for very hot or cold places
(Windstorm & Schmidt), but others say rammed earth can do this naturally (Niroumand et al).
• Building for Poor or Cities: Some papers say rammed earth is best for simple, cheap houses
(Ciancio & Beckett), but others talk about using it in modern cities with new materials (Windstorm
& Schmidt).
How They Did Their Study
• Reading Many Papers: Some authors collected information from other studies (Niroumand et al).
• Looking at Real Projects: Some researchers studied real buildings to see how they work (Ciancio
& Beckett).
• Testing Strength: Some studies tested how rammed earth changes in sun, rain, and cold (Rosicki &
Narloch).
• Checking Materials: Some researchers tested if adding steel and insulation helps (Windstorm &
Schmidt).
Important Findings
• Good for Nature: Rammed earth does not need too much energy and is better than concrete.
• Strong but Needs Care: Cement makes it strong, but rain and cold can slowly make it weak.
• Saves Energy: Rammed earth keeps house cool or warm without using machines, but insulation
can help in some places.
• No Common Rules: Many countries do not have clear building rules for rammed earth.
Conclusion
This review helped understand rammed earth better It shows that rammed earth is a strong and good way
to build houses, but it needs more research to make it better Some people think traditional rammed earth is
best because it is natural, while others want to add cement and steel to make it last longer In the future,
engineers should find ways to mix both ideas so that rammed earth can be used in all types of places Making
better rules for using rammed earth will also help more people build with it.
This review gives many ideas about how rammed earth can be used today Future studies can help improve
rammed earth buildings by using new materials and making them work in all kinds of weather Rammed
earth is a great way to build strong and eco-friendly houses, and more people should learn about it.