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Computer Notes

DurovPlot is a computer program designed to facilitate the calculation and plotting of Durov diagrams for hydrochemical data, significantly reducing the time and effort required for such tasks. Written in BASIC and compatible with IBM-PCs, the program allows users to easily enter, edit, and retrieve data while generating results quickly. The Durov diagram itself is a widely used tool for representing hydrochemical data and understanding groundwater chemistry through graphical representation.

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8 views6 pages

Computer Notes

DurovPlot is a computer program designed to facilitate the calculation and plotting of Durov diagrams for hydrochemical data, significantly reducing the time and effort required for such tasks. Written in BASIC and compatible with IBM-PCs, the program allows users to easily enter, edit, and retrieve data while generating results quickly. The Durov diagram itself is a widely used tool for representing hydrochemical data and understanding groundwater chemistry through graphical representation.

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arunmarandi
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© All Rights Reserved
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Cert) crv =) Computer Notes DurovPlot: A Computer Program for Processing and Plotting Hydrochemical Data by Abdulaziz M. Al-Bassam, Hussein S. Awad, and Jomaah A. Al-Alawi* Abstract ‘The expanded Durov diagram has been widely used to represent the dissolved constituents of natural water and to show plausible hydrochemical processes occurring within the hydrological systems. Because of the time required to calculate Durov diagram coordinates and to plot the points, especially when dealing with large numbers of chemical analyses, the treatment of such data is often quite a tedious process. To alleviate this problem, DurovPlot program is designed to help users in calculating and plotting the diagram in a very short time. The program is written in BASIC as a special menu-driven hydrochemical data analyses code. It was compiled using Microsoft QuickBASIC version 4.5 compiler. The utilization of this program requires the acquisition of an IBM-PC or compatible with at least 512K bytes of memory, one disk drive (at least 360K bytes), a graphic card (EGA or VGA), and at least DOS version 5.0. DurovPlot possesses several advantages such as the ease th which the data can be entered, edited, and retrieved. The results of computation and plotting are obtained in seconds, depending on the amount of data analyzed and the speed of the computer processor. Introduction ‘The Durov diagram is one ofthe most widely used forms of trilinear graphical representation for hydrochemical data twas primarily designed by Durov (1948) and then expanded by Burdon and Mazloom (1958) and Loyd (1965). The eariy form ofthese diagrams consisted of two triangles whose bases oeoupy the wo neighboring sides ofthe main rectangular field of projee- tion (Figure 1). The diagram ploting is based on the mili equivalent percentage of the total major cations and the total ‘major anions in the water samples. The cations and the anions are plotted on their respective triangles (normally cations occupy the upper triangle, and anions occupy the left-side triangle). In their expanded form, Burdon and Mazloom (1958) and Lloyd (1965) spit both triangles along the 50 percent lines so thatthe main rectangular field of projection could be subdivided into nine subfields of representation (Figure 2). This allows not only representation ofthe hydrochemical data, but also definition of the plausible hydrochemical processes dominating the ground- water chemistry. Classification of water into “types” according to the dominating cations and anions can then be undertaken. * Department of Geology, College of Science, King Saud Univer- sity, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. Received March 1995, revised February 1996, accepted July 1996, 362 ‘Several parameters such asthe total dissolved solids (TDS) and the pH or any other desired parameter, may be added to occupy the remaining sides of the main rectangular field of projection as shown in Figure I. The major problem with the use of Durov diagrams is the time and effort needed in their formulation. Mg? 70s PH Fig. 1. The or ina type of Durov diagram, Vol. 35, No. 2~GROUND WATER— March-April 1997 ra ql 7 Se, ny S aaa) —_L Fig. 2. Expanded Durov diagram with subdivision and processes demonstrated (after Lloyd and Heathcote, 1985). Significance of Durov Diagrams ‘The Durov diagram is considered a useful graphical ool for representing hydrochemical data. This diagram represents the data in a very simple and easy way to understand. Durov dia- grams also permit the achievement of a more complete charac- terization of ground water (Zaporozec, 1972). For example, its application removes some ofthe shortcomings of other trilinear plots such as Hill diagrams (Hill, 1940) and Piper diagrams (per, 1944) The Durov diagram is of simple construction and ‘widely used to classify water into types representingeach type by single point, to determine the coneentration of chemical con~ stituents and total dissolved solids, and to study the origin of chemical composition of water. Itis also used for correlating chemical analyses, grouping water points that are closely related to each other, and specifying water quality. Desai etal. (1979) used Durov diagrams to compare the major ionic constituents in the ground water from wells in the Mangrol-Chorwad coast, Saurashtra Gujarat, to determine the water types, to group ‘water, and to discern evidence of seawater intrusion. Lawrence tal, (1976) also used Durov diagrams to depict water types and ‘groups, and to illustrate hydrochemical zonation across part of the Lincolnshire Limestone Aquifer of England. Lloyd and Heathcote (1985) have reviewed the usefulness of Durov dia- ‘grams in discerning processes that control ground-water chemi- cal properties and discussed the significance ofthe nine subfields of projection on the expanded Durov diagram (Figure 2). They successfully applied the diagram to represent minor ion chemis- try for ground-water designation purposes. They also used the expanded Durov diagram to illustrate the chemistry ofthe Suf- folk and Essex, England, ground waters. General Features of DurovPlot Many computer programs have been developed to plot ‘geochemical and hydrogeological data on trilinear diagrams (eg, Morris et al., 1983; Garcia and Frias, 1990; Ong, 1990), Generally, such programs have been written to satisfy specilic needs of the authors and most required specialized data input format. In our reviewing of published and commercial software such as ROCK WARE and PLOTCHEM, we have not observed any program specifically designed for representing hydrochemi- cal data in the form of a Durov diagram. DurovPlot was designed as a special purpose, menu-ériven, hydrochemical data analysis program. The program accepts input data, then pro- cesses and plots these data in the form of a Durov diagram. DurovPlot was written and compiled using Microsoft Quick- BASIC version 4.5 compiler. To run the program, the following hardware is required: an IBM-PC or compatible with at least SI2K bytes of memory, one disk drive (at least 360K bytes), a sraphies card (EGA or VGA), and at least DOS version 5.0. Computational and Plotting Procedures ‘The drawing of the diagram outline and the plotting of points are done in Cartesian coordinates on the graphic screen of the computer, so that all trilinear coordinates are converted to Cartesian coordinates. This procedure is well explained by Mortis et al. (1983). The primary trilinear diagram is an equilateral triangle with each side representing a range of O to 100 concentration per- centage. The base length of each triangle is 160 units, and its height is 138.56 units of screen coordinates (pixels). In the expanded form of the Durov diagram each of the cation and anion trianglesis spit into two subtriangles and a diamond, The base of each subtriangle takes 80 units to represent arange of 0t0 ‘506 of specified constituents. Figure 3 shows the screen physical coordinatesystem, Plotting of points within the cation triangle i based on the percentage of Ca" and Mg” compared to the total cations. The following equations were derived for converting trilinear coordinates into X-¥ coordinates of the screen. Xeni = Xe (Cadh - 1.6) ~ [CM * 1.3856)/tan 60) (1) Yes = Yo ~ (Mgt + 1.3856) @ Where Xovou and Yoon are the Cartesian coordinates of a single ate system in the triangular and rectangular fields of, 363 Table 1. Caleulated Durov Coordinates Using DurovPlot well Ge Me Na K HCO; a 50. NO: ‘Major ions concentrations in mg/ 2033 100.00 37.20 184.00 820 110.00 330.00 307.00 18.00, 2036 60.00 3720 185.00, 1250 120.00 266.00 283.00 2790 2039 68.00 39.60 196.00 800 112.00 309.00 288.00, 2290 2040 96.20 2490 0.80 1.40 65.00 227.00 173.00 22.30 2041 12300 35.70 17.00 15.20 100.00 288.00 384.00, 5770 204s 86.40 7120 312.00 14.80 134.00 508.00 336.00, 34.10 204s 272.00 9440 607.00, 1780 89.10 1164.00 781.00 19.20 2089) 130.00 3550 108.00 3.50 65.90 291.00 197.00 9.50 2066 68.20 2730 112.00 550 105.00 217.00 15400 13.00 2071 401.00 61.70 310.00 18330 203.00 643.00 432.00 B60 2073, 12200 74.00 434.00 1520 173.00 643.00 552.00 1740 2075 162.00 3630 322.00 170 143.00 589.00 528.00 13.00 2078 127.00 a0 421.00 24.60 176.00 799.00 595.00, 16.10 2082 ‘89.80 5410 17.00 10:50 121.00 401.00 298.00 1490 2088 73.80 28.60 116.00 5.10 101-00 195.00 206.00 63.20 2088 43.00 25.00 162.00 860 89.10 217.00 211.00 2110 2091 226.00 95.40 284.00 0.00 106.00 767.00 451.00 18.00 2026 28.00 10.40 70.20 3.90 63.40 90.20 106.00 2110 nor 40.00 16.40 59.30 550 13.20 114.00 106.00 16.10 2030 400 1130 80.00 430 37.30 153.00 148.00 18.60 5210 134.00 2020 92.90 3.30 117.00 229.00 196.00 35.30 3220, 7.00 890 7150 2.00 132.00 110.00 7130 1980 5230 66.00 1070 64.90 310 112.00 105.00 106.00 25.40 240 167.00 78.00 31100 210 254.00 1685.00 300.00 1430 5207 7120 2670 110.00 590 234.00 179.00 92.20 3220 Ca Me Na+ Kk HCO, 50. lt NO; Welt mesic meg’ mea meat megs megs Durow’s coordinates: 2033 30.69 88 $0.50 10.13 35.98 5393 2036 20.76 2122 5802 1248 3728 50.28 2038 22.04 2015 56.80 108s 35.46 5369 2040 4045 2024 3231 9.32 3133 ‘ois 2041 35.77 mu 43 a7 280 4843 2045 1738, 2428 S784 92 29.08 61.80 2048 28.16 [6.11 5573 286 32.15 6498 2049 4627 2082 32.90 797 30.29 6178 2066 3187 2118 4694 1529 28.9 3622 2071 18:89 19.02 62.08 108s 29.33 59.82 2073 19.36 19.36 61.28 890 3821 55.88 2075 2992 Wa 5294 mn 3647 55.76 2078 2oas 16383 6232 138 32.36 5387 2082 26.2 26.3 475 100s 3185 58.50 2084 328s 2098 46.17 13.28 348 5229 2088 is7 1193. 63.36 1186 35.69 5245 2091 35.83 2493 39.25 526 28.42 66.32 2026 2585 i582 5833 1695 Sool 4704 2027 3291 2.24 4485 1743 3208 $0.48 2030 ala 20s 46.54 1098 3507 5395 5210 S35 1330 33.15 1477 312 Sait 5220 22 10.86 4692 30.38 21.05 48.36 5230 46.68 war 40383 246 28 5.46 S240 2.15 2244 4841 1390 20°86 65.24 5247 33.25 2055 46.19 3387 1696 #.16 364 a-Manually Plotted (After Al-Bassam and Al-Alawi ,1994) Ng188% ig,Ca,Na= 58% LEBBS Mg Ca,Na=00% Ca, HCO3=1687) QO HC03, 804, C1=587) HC03, 804, C1=58%]

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