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Calculating Gibbs Energy and Thermodynamics

The document consists of a workshop that includes various calculations related to thermodynamics, such as the standard Gibbs energy of formation for phenol and urea, changes in Gibbs energy for different processes, and the enthalpy and entropy of fusion for solids. It also covers supercritical fluid extraction technology and vapor pressure calculations for different substances. The workshop is divided into two parts, with theoretical discussions and practical calculations required for each topic.

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Ana Sofía García
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18 views2 pages

Calculating Gibbs Energy and Thermodynamics

The document consists of a workshop that includes various calculations related to thermodynamics, such as the standard Gibbs energy of formation for phenol and urea, changes in Gibbs energy for different processes, and the enthalpy and entropy of fusion for solids. It also covers supercritical fluid extraction technology and vapor pressure calculations for different substances. The workshop is divided into two parts, with theoretical discussions and practical calculations required for each topic.

Uploaded by

Ana Sofía García
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Workshop

(Atkins, Peter, Julio De Paula, and James Keeler. 2017. Atkins' Physical Chemistry. 11th ed.
London, England: Oxford University Press)
Part I

1. The standard enthalpy of combustion of solid phenol (C6H5OH) is −3054 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 at 298 K
and its standard molar entropy is 144.0 𝐽/𝐾 ∙ 𝑚𝑜𝑙. Calculate the standard Gibbs energy of
formation of phenol at 298 K.
2. The standard enthalpy of combustion of solid urea (CO(NH2)2) is −632 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 at 298 K
and its standard molar entropy is 104.60 𝐽/𝐾 ∙ 𝑚𝑜𝑙. Calculate the standard Gibbs energy of
formation of urea at 298 K.
3. Calculate the maximum non-expansion work per mole that may be obtained from a fuel cell
in which the chemical reaction is the combustion of methane at 298 K.
4. Suppose that 3.0 mmol N2(g) occupies 36 cm3 at 300 K and expands to 60 cm3. Calculate
ΔG for the process.
5. The change in the Gibbs energy of a certain constant-pressure process was found to fit the
expression ΔG = −85.40 + 36.5(T). Calculate the value of ΔS for the process. (G in J and T
in K)
6. Calculate the change in Gibbs energy of 25 g of methanol (mass density 0.791 g/cm3) when
the pressure is increased isothermally from 100 kPa to 100 MPa.
7. Calculate the change in chemical potential of a perfect gas when its pressure is increased
isothermally from 1.8 atm to 29.5 atm at 40°C.
8. Estimate the change in the Gibbs energy of 1.0 dm3 of water when the pressure acting on it
is increased from 100 kPa to 300 kPa.

Part II
1. Consult internet resources and prepare a discussion of the principles, advantages,
disadvantages, and current uses of supercritical fluid extraction technology.
2. The vapour pressure of dichloromethane at 24.1°C is 53.3 kPa and its enthalpy of
vaporization is 28.7 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙. Estimate the temperature at which its vapour pressure is 70.0
kPa.
3. The molar volume of a certain solid is 161.0 𝑐𝑚3 /𝑚𝑜𝑙 at 1.00 atm and 350.75 K, its
melting temperature. The molar volume of the liquid at this temperature and pressure is
163.3 𝑐𝑚3 /𝑚𝑜𝑙. At 100 atm the melting temperature changes to 351.26 K. Calculate the
enthalpy and entropy of fusion of the solid.
4. The molar volume of a certain solid is 142.0 𝑐𝑚3 /𝑚𝑜𝑙 at 1.00 atm and 427.15 K, its
melting temperature. The molar volume of the liquid at this temperature and pressure is
152.6 𝑐𝑚3 /𝑚𝑜𝑙. At 1.2 MPa the melting temperature changes to 429.26 K. Calculate the
enthalpy and entropy of fusion of the solid.
5. The vapour pressure of a liquid in the temperature range 200 K to 260 K was found to fit
the expression ln(p/Torr) = 16.255 – 2501.8/(T/K). Calculate the enthalpy of vaporization
of the liquid.
6. The vapour pressure of benzene between 10°C and 30°C fits the expression log(p/Torr) =
7.960 – 1780/(T/K). Calculate (a) the enthalpy of vaporization and (b) the normal boiling
point of benzene.
7. When benzene freezes at 5.5°C its density changes from 0.879 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3 to 0.891 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3 . Its
enthalpy of fusion is 10.59 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙. Estimate the freezing point of benzene at 1000 atm.

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