Date: 31-May-2024

Class: Time: ## minutes

Marks: / 37
1
««E Solutions of substances A and B react to give table salt, sodium chloride, and water only.
What are substances A and B?
A Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid
B Sodium hydroxide and chloric acid
C Sodium hydroxide and chloride acid
D Sodium hydride + chlorine acid

2
 In the experiment shown below, when solution X is mixed with universal indicator, the
mixture turns orange. When solution X is added to solid Y, a gas that turns lime water milky is
given off.

Wh solution X and solid Y?

Solution X Solid Y
A Sodium hydroxide solution Table salt
B Sodium chloride solution Marble
C Sulphuric acid Soda
D Hydrochloric acid Zinc foil
C

3
« Four conical flasks, each containing 50 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid, are prepared. A piece
of zinc strip is put into one of the flasks. Hydrogen is released and collected in a measuring
cylinder as shown below.

Copper, iron and magnesium strips of the same size instead of the zinc strip are added into the
other three flasks. The table below shows the volumes of hydrogen collected from the four
flasks in the first 15 seconds.
Zinc Copper Iron Magnesium
Volume of hydrogen
18 0 6 29
collected (cm3)
Which of the four metals is the most resistant against corrosion by dilute hydrochloric acid?
A Magnesium
B Iron
C Copper
D Zinc

4
 Which of the following gases in the atmosphere can make rainwater acidic?
(1) Nitrogen
(2) Nitrogen oxides
(3) Sulphur dioxide
 (4) Carbon dioxide
A (2) and (3) only
B (3) and (4) only
C (1), (2) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only

5
« Which of the following contribute to the acid rain problem in Hong Kong?
(1) Acidic air pollutants given out by power stations
(2) Acidic air pollutants given out by vehicles
(3) Acidic air pollutants from the mainland China
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

6
« Which of the following adversely affect(s) the growth of plants?
(1) Rainwater of pH 4
(2) Carbon dioxide in the air
(3) Acidic air pollutants
A (1) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

C
7
« What can the government do to help solve the problem of acid rain?
(1) Develop renewable sources of energy for generating electricity to reduce the burning of
fossil fuels.
(2) Protect the forest by restricting the cutting of trees.
(3) Encourage drivers to use petrol and diesel of low sulphur content.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

8
« Many lakes and streams in Sweden (瑞典) are heavily acidified due to acid rain. Lime is added
into acidified lakes and streams every several years. Which of the following statements are
correct?
(1) Lime is alkaline.
(2) Lime increases the pH of the water in the lakes and the streams.
(3) Lime helps save the ecological systems in the lakes and the streams.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

9
«E The reaction between which of the following pairs of substances is a neutralization reaction?
A Sodium carbonate + dilute nitric acid
B Sodium hydrogencarbonate + dilute nitric acid
C Sodium hydroxide solution+ dilute nitric acid
 D iron + dilute nitric acid

10
«E Which of the following name for the product of the reaction between iron and sulphuric acid is
correct?
A iron sulphuric
B iron sulphate
C iron sulphide
D iron sulphur

11
« What should we do when we dilute a concentrated alkali?
(1) Wear a protective coat.
(2) Wear safety spectacles.
(3) Add water slowly to the concentrated alkali.
A (2) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

12
 Which of the following statements about acids and alkalis is / are correct?
(1) Acids are corrosive but alkalis are not.
(2) All acids and alkalis are toxic.
(3) Acids and alkalis are used in various household products.
 A (1) only
B (3) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

13
« Which of the following are the reasons for pouring used acids and alkalis into waste bottles
instead of the sink?
(1) acids and alkalis may corrode the pipes.
(2) acids and alkalis are harmful to the environment.
(3) acids and alkalis should be collected for treatment before discharge.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

14
« Which of the following substances can be used as an indicator to distinguish acidic and
alkaline solutions?
(1) Extract of red cabbage
(2) Extract of red rose petals
(3) Extract of onion skins
A (1) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

D
15
« Which of the following statements about acid-alkali indicators are correct?
(1) They must change colour when the pH changes.
(2) They must show different colours in acidic and alkaline solutions.
(3) They can be man-made or natural.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

16
 Which of the following statements about acids and alkalis is / are correct?
(1) Acids and alkalis turn red litmus paper blue.
(2) Acids and alkalis are irritant or corrosive.
(3) Acids and alkalis change the colour of universal indicator.
A (3) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

17
« The pH value of solution X is 5 and that of solution Y is 3. Which of the following statements
about X and Y is/are correct?
(1) X is more acidic than Y.
(2) Y is more acidic than X.
(3) X and Y are acids.
A (1) only
 B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

18
 Which of the following are NOT the advantages of universal indicator over a pH meter?
(1) Universal indicator is more convenient than a pH meter.
(2) Universal indicator needs less solution than a pH meter does when making measurement.
(3) Universal indicator is more accurate than a pH meter.
(4) Universal indicator is suitable for dark-coloured solution.
A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (3) only
C (3) and (4) only D (1) and (4) only

19
« Which of the following graphs show the change in pH over time in the experiment below?

to computer

dilute hydrochloric acid

pH probe

dilute sodium hydroxide solution

A B
 pH pH

time time

C D

pH pH

time time

20
«E Which of the following pairs of chemicals react to form sodium chloride?
A Sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide
B Sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide
C Hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide
D Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide

21
 When an acid reacts with an alkali, heat is given out. In an experiment, an alkali is added
slowly to a certain amount of acid. The temperature of the mixture is recorded in the graph
below.
 From the graph, find out the volume of the alkali required to neutralize the acid. Explain your
answer. (4 marks)

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-- Ans --
40 mL of alkali is required to neutralize the acid. (1)
The temperature of the mixture reaches the highest when all acid is just neutralized. (1)
After all acid is neutralized, no more heat will be given out. (1)
The temperature of the mixture starts to drop when excess alkali is added. (1)
-- Ans end --
22
 The pH of bleach is around 12. However, when several drops of universal indicator are added
to bleach in a test tube, a colourless mixture is observed.
(a) What is the normal colour of universal indicator if the pH of the solution tested is around
12? (1 mark)

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(b) Why is a colourless mixture observed when universal indicator is added to bleach?
(Hint: Be aware of the function of bleaching solution in daily life.) (1 mark)

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(c) State the instrument that we can use to measure the pH of bleach in the laboratory.
(1 mark)

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-- Ans --
(a) Blue (1)
(b) The pigment in universal indicator is bleached by bleaching solution. (1)
(c) With pH meter. (1)
-- Ans end --

23
 Both soda lime and lime water are alkaline and contain calcium hydroxide. They can absorb
carbon dioxide which is an acidic gas.
(a) What is the observable change when carbon dioxide passes through limewater? (1 mark)

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(b) Fill in the blank in the following equation for the absorption of carbon dioxide. (1 mark)
(Hint: Take carbon dioxide as an acid.)

Calcium hydroxide + carbon dioxide → _______________ + water

(c) Hence, suggest a precautionary measure in the storage of soda lime. (1 mark)

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(d) Explain why limewater has to be freshly prepared before use. (1 mark)
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-- Ans --
(a) Limewater turns from colourless to milky. (1)
(b) Calcium carbonate (1)
(c) Store soda lime in air-tight container. (1)
(d) To shorten the time for the reaction between calcium hydroxide and atmospheric carbon
dioxide. (1)
-- Ans end --

24
E Water is produced in neutralization. Below is the word equation of the neutralization
reaction between an acidic solution and an alkaline solution.
sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid → sodium chloride + water
However, in the neutralization between acidic and alkali solutions, it is difficult to prove that
water is one of the products. The experiment below makes use of sold acid and alkali to help
us show that water is a product of neutralization.

1 Mix and grind 3.2 g of water-free citric acid solid and 2.0 g water-free sodium hydroxide
solid in a mortar.
2 Add the solid mixture to a boiling tube using a funnel.
3 Heat the mixture using a Bunsen flame until the mixture begins to melt.
4 Move the boiling tube away from the flame. Let the reaction to proceed further in the
boiling tube.
5 Test the colourless liquid formed in the boiling tube.

(a) Why do we grind the citric acid solid and sodium hydroxide solid in the mortar to fine
powder in step 1? (2 marks)

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(b) Why do we have to move the boiling tube away from the Bunsen flame in step 4 instead
of keep heating it continuously? (1 mark)

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(c) Why are citric acid and sodium hydroxide used in this experiment? Give ONE reason.
(1 mark)

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(d) How do you prove that the colourless liquid formed in step (5) is water? State the positive
result of your test. (2 marks)

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-- Ans --
(a) To increase the contact surface area of citric acid and sodium hydroxide. (1)
This can speed up the reaction. (1)
(b) All water will vapourize upon continuous heating. (1)
(c) Any ONE from:
Their water-free solid is available. (1) /
Their melting points are low. (1)
(d) Test the liquid with dry cobalt chloride paper. (1)
The paper turns from blue to pink. (1)
-- Ans end --