•The Darkest Winter of Rizal (1884) (December, January,
February)
- Rizal suffered poverty
-he almost got sick of tuberculosis because of lack of
sleep
-ate bread with vegetable soup and water
because he didn't receive allowance due to drought and
the farm infested by locust.
- pawned Saturnina's Ring
- but able to wrote the Noli Me Tangere
•October 1885,
Rizal left for Barcelona , Spain
•Met his close friend "MAXIMO VIOLA"
•Maximo Viola- a medical student and a member of a rich
family of San Miguel, Bulacan,
•He befriended Señor Eusebio Corominas editor of the
newspaper La Publicidad and made a crayon sketch of
Don Miguel Morayta, owner of La Publicidad and a
stasman
•Rizal gave Editor Corominas an article on the Carolines
Question, then a controversial issue, for publication
November 1885, Rizal was living in Paris where he
sojourned for about four months
•Dr. Louis de Weckert (1852-1906)- leading French
ophthalmologist wherein Rizal worked as an assistant
from November 1885 to February 1886
•Paz Pardo de Tavera- was a pretty girl, who was
engaged to Juan Luna
•Rizal Frequented At the studio of Luna,
Rizal spent many happy hours. Rizal helped Luna by
posing as model in several paintings
He posed as model in several paintings of Luna: -
“ The Death of Cleopatra” –as an Egyptian priest.
“ The Blood Compact” –as Sikatuna with Dr. Trinidad de
Tavera as Legazpi.
1886
•February 1, 1886- Rizal reluctantly left gay Paris by
train for Germany
• February 3, 1886- Rizal arrived in Heidelberg, Germany
• Chess Player's Club a club wherein the students made
Rizal as a member because of being a good chess player
•Dr. Otto Becker- distinguished German ophthalmologist
where University Eye Hospital Rizal worked as assistant
•Dr. Karl Ullmer- a kind Protestant pastor where Rizal
stayed, who became his good friend and admirer
•April 22, 1886- Rizal wrote a fine poem "A Las Flores de
Heidelberg" (To the Flowers of Heidelberg)
In the spring of 1886, Rizal was fascinated by the
blooming flowers along the cool banks of the Neckar
River. Among them was his favorite flower-the light blue
"forget-me-not"
•July 31, 1886- Rizal wrote his first letter in German
(which he had improved after his stay with the Ullmers)
to Professor Blumentritt, Director of the Ateneo of
Leitmeritz, Austria
•Aritmetica (Arithmetic)-Rizal sent this book he
mentioned and was published in two languages Spanish
and Tagalog-by the University of Santo Tomas Press in
1868. the author was Rufino Baltazar Hernandez, a native
of Santa Cruz, Laguna
•August 9, 1886- Rizal left Heidelberg for Leipzig
Germany
Professor Friedrich Ratzel- a famous German historian,
Rizal befriend with him
Dr. Hans Meyer- German anthropologist, a friend of Rizal
October 29, 1886
Rizal left Leipzig for Dresden where he met Dr. Adolph B.
Meyer, Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological
Museum Rizal heard Mass in a Catholic church; evidently,
this Mass impressed him very much, for he wrote on his
diary: "Truly I have never in my life heard a Mass whose
music had greater sublimity and intonation."
February 21, 1884
Rizal started writing Noli Me Tangere
influenced by :Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's
Cabin,
Uncle Tom's Cabin
a book about the brutality of American slave-owners.
There were black people who served their white
owners in addition to the American slave owners.
Despite facing oppression themselves, they remained
loyal to their white owners. Rizal also sought to
expose the conditions that had existed in the
Philippines.
February 1 , 1887
The NOLI finally finished and ready for printing.
Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft- a printing
shop which charged the lowest rate, that is, 300 pesos for
2,000 copies of the novel
contains 63 chapters and an epilogue
Originally has 64
he deleted certain passagesin his manuscript, including a
whole chapter—“Elias and Salome”to save printing cost
Felix Hidalgo in French on March 5, 1887, said: “Noli Me
Tangere, words taken from the Gospel of St. Luke, signify
“do not touch me” but Rizal made a mistake, it should be
the
Gospel of St. John (Chapter 20 Verses 13 to 17). “Touch
me not; I am not yet ascended to my father...”
Rizal dedicated his Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines
—“To My Fatherland”
Rizal, in token of his appreciation and gratitude, gave
Viola the galley proofs of the Noli carefully rolled around
the pen that he used in writing it and a complimentary
copy, with the following inscription: “To my dear friend,
Maximo Viola, the first to read and appreciate my work—
Jose Rizal”
Complimentary copies Given to ;
1. Felix Hidalgo
2. Ferdinand Bluementritt
3. Mariano Ponce
4. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
5. Juan Luna
6. Antonio Ma. Basa
7. Graciano Lopez Jaena
RIZAL'S GRAND TOUR IN EUROPE
Maximo Viola agreed to be his traveling companion.
Rizal had received Pacianos remittance of 1,000 which
was forwarded by JuanLuna from Paris.
He immediately paid Viola the sum of P300 which the
latter kindly loaned so that the Noli could be printed.
May 11, 1887,
Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train
They met Dr. Jagor while strolling at the scene of the
Floral Exposition.
Rizal and Viola sent a wire to Blumentritt, as per
suggestion of Dr. Jagor
FIRST MEETING WITH BLUMENTRITT
Blumentritt, who had received the wire, was at the station
carrying a pencil sketch of Rizal which the letter had
previously sent him, so that he could identify his Filipino
friend.
Rizal and Viola get a room at Hotel Krebs,
Blumentritt brought them to his home and introduced
them to his wife and family.
Rizal enjoyed the warm hospitality of the Blumentritt
family. Theprofessors wife Rosa was a good cook. His
children were Dolores (called Dora)
Rizal met another renowned scientist of Europe, [Link]
Czepelak. Blumentritt brought him to Czepelaks home.
Blumentritt also introduced Rizal to Professor Robert
Klutschak, an eminent naturalist.
May 16 , 1887
Left Leitzmetritz for Prague , Czech Republic
May 20, 1887
Rizal and Viola arrived in the beautiful city of Vienna,
capital of Austria-Hungary
May 24, 1887- Rizal and Viola left Vienna on a river boat
to see the beautiful sights of the Danube River
June 6, 1887
Arrived in Geneva , Switzerland
On June 19, 1887,
Geneva Switzerland
Rizal treated Viola to a blow-out.
It was his 26th birthday.
According to a Filipino custom, he celebrated his birthday
with a sumptuous meal.
Rizal and Viola spent fifteen delightful days in Geneva.
June 23, 1887- Viola and Rizal parted ways—Viola
returned to Barcelona while Rizal continued the tour to
Italy
June 27, 1887- Rizal reached Rome, the “Eternal City”
and also called the “City of the Caesars
June 29, 1887- the Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul,
Rizal visited for the first time the Vatican, the “City of the
Popes”and the capital of Christendom
FIRST HOMECOMING (1887-1888)
Because of the publication of the Noli Me Tangere and
the uproar it caused among the friars, Rizal was warned
by Paciano (his brother), Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-
law), Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio) and other friends not to
return home.-Rizal was determined to return to the
Philippines for the following reasons:
(1) to operate on his mother’s eyes;
(2) to serve his people who had long been oppressed by
Spanish tyrants;
(3) to find out for himself how Noli and his other writings
were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines;
and
(4) to inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent. •
Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles, a French port,
which he reached without mishap.
• July 3, 1887-Rizal boarded the steamer Djemnah, the
same streamer which brought him to Europe 5years ago.
• July 30, 1887-at Saigon, Rizal transferred to another
steamer, Haiphong, which was Manila-bounded.
• August 2, 1887- the steamer left Saigon for Manila
Near midnight of August 5, 1887, the Haiphong arrived in
Manila
August 8, 1887-
Rizal returned to Calamba.
Happy Reunion
Activities in Calamba
1. In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His first
patient was his mother, who was almost blind.
• Rizal, who came to be called “Doctor Uliman” because
he came from Germany, treated their ailments and soon
he acquired a lucrative medical practice.
2. Rizal opened a gymnasium for young folks, where he
introduced European sports.
STORM OVER THE NOLI
• Governor General Emilio Terrero (1885-1888)-
requesting Rizal to come to Malacańang Palace.
• Lieutenant Jose Taviel de Andrade-a young Spanish
lieutenant assigned by Governor General Terrero to
posed as bodyguard of Rizal.
• Msgr. Pedro Payo (a Dominican)- sent a copy of Noli to
Father Rector Gregorio Echavarria of the University of
Sto. Tomas for examination by a committee of the
faculty.
• The report of the faculty members of University of
Santo Tomas stated that the Noli was
•
[Link],
[Link],
3. scandalous in the religious order
4. anti-patriotic,
5. subversive of public order
[Link] to the government of Spain and its function in
the Philippine Islands in the political order”.
• Permanent Commission of Censorship- a committee
composed of priest and laymen.
• Fr. Salvador Font- Augustinian cura of Tondo, head of
the committee- f o u n d t h e n o v e l t o c o n t a i n s u
bversiveideasagainsttheChurchandS
pain,andrecommended
“that the importation, reproduction, and circulation of this
pernicious book in the islands be absolutely prohibited”.
2 Reasons why RIZAL RETURNS ABROAD
1. His life was endangered as will as his family
2. He can fight better his enemy through writing abroad
February 3, 1888 – after a short stay of sixmonths in his
beloved Calamba, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on
board the Zafiro
Feb 8 , 1888- arrived in HONG KONG , welcomed by
Filipinos lead by Jose. Ma. Basa
February 19, 1888
With Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz de Veranda and
somePortuguese, Rizal left Hongkong for Macao on board
theKiu Kiang.
February 22, 1888 After staying in Hong Kong for almost
two weeks, he left for Japan on board the Oceanic.
February 28, 1888 – Rizal arrived in Yokohama; registered
at the Grand Hotel.
Juan Perez Caballero – a secretary of the Spanish
Legation who visited Rizal at Tokyo Hotel; invited him to
live at the Spanish Legation. (1) Economize his living
expenses. (2) He had nothing to hide from the prying
eyes of the Spanish authorities.
Seiko Usui – a Japanese sweetheart of Rizal whom he
affectionately called “O-Sei-San”.
(a Japanese gardener)
she was his guide, interpreter, and tutor and inspiration.
How Rizal and O-Sei-San met?
One spring afternoon, Rizal saw a pretty Japanese girl
walking past the legation gate.
He craved to meet her -- but how?
Rizal made inquiries among the legation employees and
learned from her
April 13. 1888-Rizal boarded the Belgic and He left Japan
with a heavy heart
Rizal’s trip to America started on April 28, 1888 to May
16, 1888
May 13 and travel to New York City
Observation of Rizal in USA
1. USA IS A LAND PAR EXCELLENCE OF FREEDOM BUT
ONLY FOR THE WHITES
May 16, 1888 – he left New York for Liverpool and board
the City of Rome. He also visited the Colossal Statue of
Liberty on Bedloe Island
May 24, 1888-Rizal arrived at Liverpool, England ·
Greatest Achievements of Rizal in London
1. Annotation of " Succesos de las Islas Filipinos" by
Antonio Morga
2. Went to Paris , France , Madrid and Spain
Dr. Reinhold Rozt- librarian of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and an authority on Malayan languages and
customs
-He was impressed by Rizal’s learning and character and
he gladly recommended him to the authorities of the
British Museum. He called Rizal “a pearl of a man”
(unaperla de hombre)
KIDLAT CLUB
March 19,1889- he organized his paisanos(compatriots)
into a society called Kidlat Club.
Among the members were Antonio and Juan Luna,
Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando Canon, Lauro Dimayuga,
Julio Llorente, Guillermo Puatu, and Baldomero Roxas.
-Kidlat Club was purely a society of a temporary nature. It
was founded by Rizal simply to bring together the young
Filipinos in the French capital so that they could enjoy
their sojourn in the city during the duration of the
Universal Exposition.
INDIOS BRAVOS -In their sightseeing tour of the
exposition grounds, Rizal and the members of the Kidlat
Club were amazed to see the Buffalo Bull show which
featured the American Indians. -Thus was born a new
society of Filipino patriots in Paris--- the Indios
Bravos(Brave Indians) it replaced the ephemeral Kidlat
Club. The members pledged to excel in intellectual and
physical prowess in order to win the admiration of the
foreigners, particularly the Spaniards
R.D.L.M SOCIETY Another society that Rizal founded
during the Universal Exposition was the RDLM SOCIETY. It
was a mysterious, enigmatic, and confidential society
that rizal founded. The letters RDLM are believed to be
the initials of the society’s secret name which are
believed to be Redencion De Los Malayos (Redemption of
the Malays).