CHAPTER III

NISHI
RESEARCH METHODS
This chapter presents the methods and techniques of the study, population and
sample of the study, development of research instruments, data gathering procedure,
and data processing and statistical treatment.

Methods and Techniques of the Study

The researchers utilized a Descriptive - survey research design in gathering
data for the study. The descriptive-survey method enables researchers to collect
information from a broad sample. The goal of survey design is to precisely and
methodically characterize a population, circumstance, or phenomenon, as well as
quantity its frequences and features (McCombes, 2022). The researchers considered
that the descriptive-survey approach was appropriate for the study and should be used
for its fact-finding procedures and involvement in data collecting using questionnaires
in order to achieve the study’s objectives.
The researchers used the quantitative method and for the data questioning
method that used were questionnaires. Quantitative research is a research strategy that
focuses on quantifying the collection and analysis of data. It is the process of
collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and writing the results of a study (Cresswell,
2002).
The quantitative technique was used to come up with data, was needed to
determined what gender is the most preferred in terms of school leadership, if the
students are aware of the different leaders, and the most effective in terms of
influencing, motivating, and directing students.

FRANCE
The data gathered for the quantitative part was answered by the two (2) set of
respondents: (1) Junior High School and (2) Senior High School Students of
Pampanga Colleges. The Likert Scale was employed to determine the respondent’s
description. Additionally, the questionnaire was provided for the respondents to
choose from the answer about their preference in leadership style.

Population and Sample of the Study

Pampanga, Philippines is in region three (3) wherein the Municipality of
Macabebe is the 1st class in the province. According to the 2020 cencus, it has a
population of 78,151 people. In this town Pampanga Colleges was established, a
private school in the municipality and non-sectarian school to accommodate students
from a variety of religious and cultural backgrounds. In this study the researchers’
population would focus on Pampanga Colleges Junior and Senior High School
Department only. Also, it is impractical and impossible to conduct a study on a whole

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population. Hence, the chosen population was 397 students can sufficiently represent
the main variables of the research.
EDKARL
Table 1
Distribution of Respondents
Participants Respondents
Junior High School Students 167
Senior High School Students 230
TOTAL 397

In Junior High School, the respondents were one hundred sixty-seven (167)
students and two hundred thirty (230) Senior High School students from Pampanga
Colleges. The respondent may or may not be involved in any type of leadership like
classroom officers and Pampanga Colleges Student Council to be fair in gathering
people’s perceptions toward the problem being studied.

Table 2
Distribution of Respondents per Grade Level for Junior High School
Respondents per
Proportion of
Grade Level Total Population Grade level
the Sample
Grade 7 91 0.315972222 53
Grade 8 61 0.211805556 35
Grade 9 65 0.225694444 38
Grade 10 71 0.246527778 41
Total 288 1 167

In Junior High School, four (4) grade levels were chosen as a part of our
respondents. Fifty-three (53) from Grade 7, thirty-five (35) from Grade 8, thirty-eight
(38) from Grade 9, and forty-one (41) from Grade 10, a total of one hundred sixty-
seven (167) students.
Table 3
Distribution of Respondents
per Grade Level for Senior High School

Respondents per
Proportion of
Grade Level Total Population Grade level
the Sample

Grade 11 286 0.526703499 121

Grade 12 257 0.473296501 109
Total 543 1 230

In Senior High School, one hundred twenty-one (121) respondents from grade
11 and one hundred nine (109) from grade 12 from different academic strands in
Pampanga Colleges.

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 DARWIN
Table 4
Distribution of Respondents
per Section for Grade 11 Senior High School

Respondents
Grade Level & Proportion of
Total Population per Grade level
Section the Sample
11 HUMSS
37 0.129370629 16
NICOLAS
11 HUMSS PETER 37 0.129370629 16
11 HUMSS
37 0.129370629 16
MICHAEL
11 ABM LORENZO 34 0.118881119 14
11 ABM
23 0.08041958 10
CALUNGSOD
11 STEM A 38 0.132867133 16
11 STEM B 38 0.132867133 16
11 STEM C 42 0.146853147 17
TOTAL 286 1 121

In Senior High School, eight (8) sections from Grade 11 were selected as part
of the study from different academic strands. Sixteen (16) in 11 HUMSS Nicolas, 11
HUMSS Peter, and 11 HUMSS Michael. Fourteen (14) in 11 ABM Lorenzo, ten (10)
in 11 ABM Calungsod, sixteen (16) in 11 STEM A and B, seventeen (17) in 11 STEM
C. A total of one hundred twenty-one (121) respondents from grade 11.
Table 5
Distribution of Respondents
per Section for Grade 12 Senior High School

Respondents
Proportion of
Grade Level & Section Total Population per Grade level
the Sample
12 HUMSS ARIES 37 0.143968872 16
12 HUMSS VIRGO 34 0.13229572 14
12 HUMSS SCORPIO 28 0.108949416 12
12 ABM LEO 37 0.143968872 16
12 STEM ORION 38 0.147859922 16
12 STEM AQUARIUS 42 0.163424125 18
12 STEM
41 0.159533074 17
SAGITTARIUS
TOTAL 257 1 109

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 In Grade 12, seven (7) sections from different academic strands were chosen
to be part of our study. Fourteen (14) in 12 HUMSS Virgo, twelve (12) in 12 HUMSS
Scorpio, sixteen in 12 ABM Leo and STEM Orion, eighteen (18) in 12 STEM
Aquarius, and seventeen (17) in 12 STEM Sagittarius, with a total of one hundred
nine (109) respondents from grade 12. Therefore, the total respondents for senior high
school are two hundred thirty (230).

CHRISTIAN
Stratified random sampling—a probability sampling technique utilized in
sample surveys—was employed by the researchers. Stratified random sampling is a
sampling technique that divides a population into strata based on shared attributes. A
random sample is taken from each stratum to accurately represent the population. This
design offers flexibility in different strata and improves precision in estimating target
parameters when each stratum is homogenous (J. Qian, 2010).

NINA
Furthermore, the quantitative questions were answered by a set of respondents,
with a total of three hundred ninety-seven (397) respondents from Junior and Senior
High School students in Pampanga Colleges.

Research Instrument
For the quantitative analysis, the researchers created a questionnaire and
validated by the research adviser and validators. This study utilized a two-part
questionnaire that assessed student if they are aware on the different leadership styles
and how gender differs in the leadership styles. The questionnaires consist of two
parts, the first part focused on the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of
name, age, gender, grade level and position. The second part consisted of (18)
question, that assessed the awareness of the students about different leadership styles
and most effective leadership styles in terms of influencing, motivating, and directing
students.
The research instrument used in the survey was submitted to the researcher's
adviser and validators for the checking and review.

MARSHAL
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher initially gathered relevant resources such as article, documents,
studies and literature connected to the topic and read them on the internet in other to
gain a basic understanding of the study to be conducted.
For the quantitative analysis, the questionnaire was personally presented to the
selected respondent, which is the most effective technique to collect the necessary

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data for the study. To avoid disturbing the respondents, data collection was carried out
during their free time.
The researchers guided the respondents while they were answering the survey
questionnaire to avoid misconceptions and misinterpretation, allowing them to answer
the questions correctly. If respondents do not understand any of the provided
questions, they may ask the proponents.
Researchers ensure that all questionnaires’ responses were fully gathered.
After retrieving the surveys, the researcher’s quality examined to see if the
respondents had replied accurately, the researchers promised respondents that all of
the data they provided would be dept strictly confidential.

MAVERENZ
Data Processing and Statistical Treatment
The study was interpreted and analyzed using the data collected from the
survey questionnaire, which were based on research question related to the topic
being studied and responded to the study’s overall problem, which was the gender
differences in their leadership styles.
A descriptive procedure was employed in this study for summarizing,
interpretation frequency count, analysis, percentage and weighted mean as a statistical
treatment in this study.
For the interpretation of weighted mean regarding the data that focused on the
awareness of the students to the different leadership styles and the most effective
leadership styles in terms of influencing, motivating and directing students. The study
made use of a four-point Likert scale presented as follows:
The study employs multiple responses to determine the weighted mean about
the respondents’ awareness of how gender differs in their leadership style.

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