Methods of SikoPil
Rich data are data with deep and detailed meanings and also requires
statistical analysis (Wood & Welch, 2010) - when using the term rich data, it
renders the study free from the restrictions when labelled as qualitative data.
Rich data may also be used as basis for statistics.
The Guiding Hypothesis: the hypothesis that guides or motivates the research
The Guiding Hypothesis is often vague but provides a clear framework of the
study’s course.
The Formal Hypothesis: aims to establish whether the hypothesis is true or
false.
As far as rich data is concerned, it belongs within the formal hypothesis.
Use rich data to develop a guiding hypothesis; why it is often termed as an
exploratory research.
Rich data is the source of the guiding hypothesis.
3 Interpretive Approaches of Rich Data:
1. Phenomenology (listeners)
- how listeners give meaning
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History: European Philosophy
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Philosohy: there exist an essential, perceived reality with common features.
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Research Question: what is the lived experience of [the phenomenon of
interest]
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Goal: describe the meaning of the lived experiences of a phenomenon
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Observation: observe participants in the context where is the phenomenon
is experienced
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Sampling: those who have experienced the phenomenon of interest. 1-10
respondents (starks and trinidad, 2007)
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Methods of SikoPil 1
Assumption: research respondents’ words meant the same thing
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Interviews: participants describe experience; interviewer probes for details
and clarifies
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Bracketing: detaching from preconceived notions on the matter for a more
effective data gathering
2. Discourse Analysis (narrator)
- use of language
- how the researcher uses language
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History: linguistics or semantics
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Philosohy: knowledge and meaning is produced through interaction with
multimple discourses
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Research Question: what discourses are used and how do they shape
identities, activities, and relationships
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Goal: understand how people use language to create and enact identities
and activities
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Observation: observe participants conversation in their natural
environment
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Sampling: those situated in one or more of the discourses of interests;
single narrative vs written documents or large sample size (starks and
trinidad, 2007)
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Assumption: words do not speak for themselves; the researcher needs to
clarify
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Interviews: both engage in dialogue; interviewer probes for intextual
meanings
3. Grounded Theory (both listeners and narrator)
- focused on the context
Methods of SikoPil 2
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History: sociology - symbolic interactionism
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Philosohy: theory is discovered by examining concepts grounded in data
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Research Question: how does the basic social process of [x] happen in the
context of [y] environment?
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Goal: develop an explanatory theory of basic social processes
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Observation: observe participants where the basic social process takes
place
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Sampling: those who have experienced the phenomenon under different
conditions; theoretical sampling between 10-60 (starks and trinidad, 2007)
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Assumption: researcher and respondent’s words meant the same thing
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Interviews: participants describes experience; interviewer probes for
detail, clarify
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Outcome: Model
6 Cs related to the different social processes; we look at the 6Cs to
understand their own relatonship:
Context, Causes, Contingencies, Consequences, Covariances, and
Conditions
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