FINAL TEST SAMPLE -ENG-MED4

I. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

Circle the best answer for the following sentences.
1. The doctor advised the patient ____ more water to improve hydration.
A) to drinking B) drinking C) to drink D) drink
2. After the patient ____ an allergic reaction, the doctors adjusted the medication dosage.
A) was experiencing B) experienced C) has experienced D) had experienced
3. The surgeon suggested ____ a second opinion before scheduling the surgery.
A) getting B) to get C) get D) to getting
4. The nurse encouraged the patient ____ regularly after the knee surgery to prevent stiffness.
A) to exercising B) exercise C) exercising D) to exercise
5. If a patient experiences nausea after chemotherapy, the nurse ____ to help alleviate the symptoms.
A) will discharge the patient immediately B) will ask the patient to eat spicy foods
C) will administer medication D) will avoid further interaction with the patient
6. The patient was instructed ____ any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider immediately.
A) reporting B) report C) to reporting D) to report
7. To prevent infection, the surgeon ____ before beginning any invasive procedure.
A) will use sterile gloves and equipment
B) will increase the patient's physical activity
C) will encourage the patient to eat raw foods
D) will ask the patient to avoid taking any medications
8. The pharmacist recommended ____ the medication with food to avoid stomach upset.
A) to take B) taking C) take D) to taking
9. The medical team discovered that the infection ____ to other areas before they initiated treatment.
A) had spread B) has spread C) spread D) had been spreading
10. If a patient's blood pressure remains high, the doctor ____ to manage the condition effectively.
A) will suggest discontinuing medication without replacement
B) will avoid discussing any lifestyle changes
C) will advise lifestyle changes and possibly adjust medications
D) will encourage the patient to ignore minor symptoms
11. The patient’s test results are nearly ready, and the doctor ____ them with the patient soon.
A) is about to cancel B) is about to ignore
C) is going to avoid D) is going to discuss
12. The nurse ____ the IV line, as the patient is nearly ready for the infusion.
A) is going to remove B) is going to prepare
C) is about to administer oral medication D) is going to discharge the patient
13. The physical therapist reminded the patient ____ deep breathing exercises to aid recovery.
A) do B) doing C) to do D) to doing
14. Before the patient received a diagnosis, she ____ various treatments without success.
A) has tried B) had tried C) was trying D) tried
15. After reviewing the lab reports, the doctor ____ additional tests to clarify the diagnosis.
A) is going to recommend B) is about to discharge the patient
C) is going to ignore the results D) is about to suggest fewer tests
16. To help a patient recover faster, the physical therapist ____ specific exercises.
A) will design B) will advise against movement
C) will suggest avoiding any physical activity D) will recommend only rest
17. After the diagnosis, the physician advised ____ a healthier lifestyle to manage blood pressure.
A) adopt B) to adopt C) adopting D) to adopting
18. By the time the doctor reviewed the scan results, the patient ____ his symptoms for several days.
A) had experienced B) has experienced C) experienced D) experiencing
19. The healthcare team encouraged ____ positive lifestyle changes to improve overall health.
A) make B) to making C) making D) to make
20. In case of a severe allergic reaction, the medical team ____ immediately.
A) will administer epinephrine B) will suggest the patient waits it out
C) will ask the patient to take aspirin D) will send the patient home without treatment
21. The lab technician confirmed that they ____ the blood samples before the hospital’s power outage.
A) were processing B) processed C) have processed D) had processed
22. If a patient is scheduled for surgery, the anesthesiologist ____ the patient about potential anesthesia
risks.
A) will inform B) will avoid discussing anesthesia
C) will ignore the patient's concerns D) will recommend the patient conduct self-research
23. To prevent dehydration, the healthcare team ____ the patient’s fluid intake shortly.
A) is going to restrict B) is about to reduce
C) is going to monitor D) is going to stop
24. The surgeon ____ the pre-operative checklist, as the procedure is scheduled soon.
A) is going to ignore B) is going to complete
C) is about to postpone D) is going to overlook
25. The pharmacist ____ potential side effects with the patient before they start the new medication.
A) is going to discuss B) is going to avoid discussing
C) is about to ignore D) is going to reduce the dosage
26. Following a bone fracture, the orthopedic specialist ____ to ensure proper healing.
A) will apply a cast B) will suggest using crutches immediately
C) will advise against any support D) will ignore regular check-ups
27. By the time the ambulance arrived, the paramedics ____ the patient’s condition over the phone.
A) had stabilized B) had been stabilizing
C) stabilized D) has stabilized
28. When a patient undergoes a blood transfusion, the nurse ____ for any adverse reactions.
A) will avoid observation
B) will monitor closely
C) will ask the patient to notify the team if something feels wrong
D) will tell the patient to avoid reporting discomfort
29. Since the patient is in recovery, the nurse ____ the wound dressing within a few minutes.
A) is about to remove stitches B) is going to avoid touching
C) is about to change D) is going to apply ice packs
30. After the surgeon ____ the tumor, the patient was moved to the recovery room.
A) had been removing B) removed C) has removed D) had removed
31. The respiratory therapist ____ the ventilator settings, as the patient’s oxygen levels are improving.
A) is going to adjust B) is about to remove all equipment
C) is going to turn off oxygen D) is going to avoid changing settings
32. The nurse noticed that the patient’s vital signs improved after she ____ medication to reduce the fever.
A) had administered B) administered C) has administered D) had been administering
33. As noted in our example, many patients ____ medical attention with some sort of bodily change which
typically comes on quietly, slowly, over 1 to 3 years.
A. have found B. will seek C. are low D. were diagnosed
34. During menstruation, levels of female ____ are low.
A. estrogen B. progesterone C. offspring D. hormones
35. Sperm cells are stored in the ____ for maturation.
A. epididymis B. prostate gland C. seminal vesicle D. vas deferens
36. The chemical secreted into the gap between neurons at a synapse is ____
A. interneuron B. Axon C. Neurotransmitter D. synapse
37. The ____ gland is the breastbone that plays an important function both in the immune system and
endocrine system.
A. testes B. pancreatic gland C. ovulation D. thymus gland
38. Sarah was advised ____ a sip of water because she didn’t complain of nausea.
A. taken B. to take C. take D. taking
39. The ____ is the female erectile organ containing many sensory nerve receptors.
A. mons pubis B. labia minor C. labia major D. clitoris
40. The ____ is the absence of one or more menstrual periods, usually during pregnancy and menopause.
A. Amenorrhea B. Dysmenorrhea C. Menorrhagia D. Orthopnea
II. READING COMPREHENSION
Part 1: Read the following passage and cirle the best answer for the following questions
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Seizures occur
when there is a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain, which can cause changes in behavior,
sensation, or awareness. The condition can result from genetic factors, brain injury, or abnormal brain
development, although in many cases, the cause remains unknown. Epilepsy is typically diagnosed after a
person has had two or more unprovoked seizures. Treatments aim to reduce or eliminate seizures, primarily
through antiepileptic medications. In some cases, surgery, dietary changes, or neurostimulation may be
effective.
Living with epilepsy often involves significant challenges. Seizures can be unpredictable and may vary in
frequency and severity, potentially affecting an individual’s daily life, work, and relationships. Social stigma
and misunderstanding about the condition further complicate the lives of those affected. Despite these
obstacles, advancements in medical science have made it possible for many patients to manage their
symptoms effectively. Research is ongoing to understand the underlying mechanisms of epilepsy and to
develop innovative treatments, such as gene therapy and advanced neurostimulation techniques.
Public awareness campaigns play a vital role in reducing stigma and ensuring that individuals with epilepsy
have access to necessary resources and support. Education about seizure first aid is crucial for fostering
inclusive environments where individuals with epilepsy feel safe and accepted. Advocacy efforts also aim to
promote policies that improve healthcare access, enhance funding for epilepsy research, and protect the
rights of those living with the condition.
1. What is the defining characteristic of epilepsy?
A) Loss of memory B) Recurrent, unprovoked seizures
C) Constant headache D) Cognitive decline

2. Which of the following is a known cause of epilepsy?

A) Social stigma B) Poor dietary habits
C) Uncontrolled hypertension D) Brain injury

3. What is a common challenge faced by individuals with epilepsy?

A) Limited access to antiepileptic medications
B) Difficulty distinguishing epilepsy from other conditions
C) Social stigma and misunderstanding about the condition
D) Increased risk of developing heart disease

4. What is the primary purpose of public awareness campaigns related to epilepsy?

A) To reduce stigma and educate about seizure first aid
B) To promote dietary changes for seizure reduction
C) To encourage people to seek genetic testing
D) To emphasize that epilepsy has no effective treatments

5. Which statement is accurate regarding advancements in epilepsy treatment?

A) Gene therapy is currently the standard treatment.
B) Antiepileptic medications are no longer used due to new innovations.
C) Epilepsy can now be fully cured with neurostimulation.
D) Research is exploring gene therapy and advanced neurostimulation techniques.

6. What is a criterion for diagnosing epilepsy?

A) Experiencing two or more unprovoked seizures
B) Having a single seizure caused by high fever
C) Experiencing constant headaches
D) Displaying memory loss for at least one year

7. Which of the following is NOT a focus of epilepsy advocacy efforts?

A) Enhancing funding for epilepsy research
B) Developing policies to improve healthcare access
C) Promoting exclusive employment for individuals with epilepsy
D) Protecting the rights of those living with the condition

8. What role does education play in epilepsy management?

A) It ensures patients do not require medical intervention.
B) It helps create inclusive environments and reduces stigma.
C) It eliminates the need for antiepileptic medications.
D) It replaces the need for neurostimulation treatments.

Passage 2:
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, leading
to a disruption in the regulation of metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature. Thyroid hormones, primarily
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), play a vital role in the functioning of many body systems, including
the regulation of energy expenditure and the functioning of the brain, heart, and muscles. When hormone
levels are insufficient, it can result in a slowing down of bodily processes, causing symptoms such as fatigue,
weight gain, depression, constipation, dry skin, hair thinning, and sensitivity to cold.
There are several causes of hypothyroidism. The most common is an autoimmune disease known as
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. Other potential
causes include iodine deficiency, which is more common in areas where iodine is not added to salt, and
certain medications that can interfere with thyroid function. Hypothyroidism can also result from damage to
the thyroid gland, such as after surgery or radiation therapy.
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is typically made through blood tests. These tests measure levels of TSH
(thyroid-stimulating hormone), T3, and T4 in the bloodstream. In hypothyroidism, TSH levels are often
elevated while T3 and T4 levels are low. After a diagnosis is confirmed, treatment usually involves hormone
replacement therapy, where synthetic thyroid hormones are given to restore normal levels. Patients may
need regular follow-up appointments to monitor their hormone levels and adjust medication dosages, as
improper dosing can lead to symptoms of either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
With proper treatment, most individuals with hypothyroidism can lead a normal, healthy life. However,
untreated hypothyroidism can lead to complications, including heart problems, infertility, and in severe cases,
myxedema coma, a life-threatening condition. Regular monitoring and medication adjustments are essential
for managing this chronic condition.
1. What is the main consequence of hypothyroidism?
A) Decreased metabolism B) Increased heart rate
C) Reduced blood pressure D) Increased appetite

2. Which condition is a common cause of hypothyroidism?

A) Addison’s disease B) Graves’ disease
C) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis D) Hyperthyroidism

3. Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism?

A) Rapid weight loss B) Sensitivity to heat
C) Insomnia D) Sensitivity to cold

4. How is hypothyroidism diagnosed?

A) Through X-rays B) By measuring blood pressure
C) Via blood tests for thyroid hormone levels D) Using MRI scans

5. What is the typical treatment for hypothyroidism?

A) Surgery B) Hormone replacement therapy
C) Chemotherapy D) Radiation therapy

6. What is a potential complication of untreated hypothyroidism?

A) Myxedema coma B) Rapid heartbeat
C) High blood pressure D) Excessive sweating

7. Which of the following is NOT typically associated with hypothyroidism?

A) Fatigue B) Weight gain C) Increased appetite D) Depression

8. Why is iodine deficiency a potential cause of hypothyroidism?

A) Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
B) Iodine prevents the immune system from attacking the thyroid gland.
C) Iodine accelerates the conversion of T3 to T4.
D) Iodine reduces the production of TSH.
Part 2: Read the text below and circle the best answer to fill in each blank.
Passage 1
Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer affecting men, particularly those over the age of
50. The exact cause of prostate cancer is __________ (1), but several risk factors have been identified,
including age, family history, and ethnicity. Symptoms of prostate cancer may include difficulty urinating,
blood in the urine, and pelvic discomfort. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of a __________ (2)
rectal exam, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI.
Treatment options vary depending on the stage of the cancer and may include active surveillance, radiation
therapy, hormone therapy, or __________ (3). Early detection is crucial as it significantly improves the
prognosis and overall survival rates. Men are encouraged to discuss screening options with their healthcare
provider, particularly if they are at higher risk for the disease. Regular screening can help identify prostate
cancer in its __________ (4) stages, when treatment is more effective. Ongoing research aims to improve
diagnostic techniques and develop new therapies to combat prostate cancer.

1. A) well understood B) completely known C) unclear D) always preventable

2. A) digital B) physical C) visual D) chemical
3. A) chemotherapy B) surgery C) immunotherapy D) radiotherapy
4. A) advanced B) terminal C) early D) untreated
5. A) treatment B) prevention C) diagnosis D) follow-up

Passage 2
Cervical cancer develops in the tissues of the cervix, which connects the uterus to the vagina. It is often
caused by persistent infection with certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Early stages of cervical
cancer may not present any __________ (1), which is why regular screening via Pap tests and HPV tests is
essential for early detection. Symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and pain during
intercourse. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through a __________ (2), where tissue samples are taken for
analysis. Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and may include surgery, radiation therapy,
and __________ (3). Vaccination against HPV is a significant preventive measure, and it is recommended
for young girls and boys to reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer in the future. Awareness of risk
factors, such as smoking and a weakened immune system, is also crucial for prevention. Women are advised
to have regular gynecological exams to monitor their reproductive health and detect any __________ (4)
changes early.
1. A) symptoms B) infections C) treatments D) risks
2. A) biopsy B) hysteroscopy C) colposcopy D) ultrasound
3. A) chemotherapy B) hormone therapy C) immunotherapy D) radiation therapy
4. A) benign B) irreversible C) abnormal D) minor
5. A) post-treatment B) preventive C) follow-up D) pre-operative

Passage 3
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual
performance. It is a common condition, particularly among older men, but it can also affect younger
individuals. The causes of ED can be __________ (1), including physical factors such as cardiovascular
disease, diabetes, and hormonal imbalances, as well as psychological factors like stress and anxiety.
Diagnosis of ED typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and sometimes
__________ (2) tests to rule out underlying health conditions. Treatment options for ED may include oral
medications, such as phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, vacuum erection devices, or __________ (3)
therapy. Lifestyle changes, such as weight management, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, can also
improve erectile function. Men experiencing ED are encouraged to speak openly with their healthcare
providers, as the condition can sometimes indicate more serious __________ (4) issues that require
attention. Education about sexual health is vital for reducing stigma and improving the quality of life for those
affected by ED.
1. A) simple B) complex C) easy D) predictable
2. A) laboratory B) imaging C) genetic D) psychological
3. A) hormone B) psychological C) electrical D) surgical
4. A) psychological B) physical C) emotional D) social
5. A) financial B) ethical C) health D) personal

Passage 4
Endometriosis is a painful condition in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside of it.
This tissue can cause inflammation, scar tissue, and __________ (1) pain, particularly during menstruation.
The exact cause of endometriosis remains __________ (2), but factors may include genetic predisposition
and hormonal influences. Diagnosis often requires a __________ (3), which allows for direct visualization of
the endometrial tissue. Symptoms can include chronic pelvic pain, painful periods, and pain during
intercourse. Treatment options may include pain management strategies, hormonal therapies, and in some
cases, __________ (4) to remove the endometrial tissue. Women experiencing symptoms of endometriosis
are encouraged to seek medical advice, as early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve quality of
life. Support networks and education can also play a crucial role in managing the psychological impact of
living with a chronic condition like endometriosis.

1. A) respiratory B) digestive C) chronic D) gastrointestinal

2. A) well understood B) debated C) clear D) unknown
3. A) laparotomy B) biopsy C) hysteroscopy D) laparoscopy
4. A) hormone therapy B) chemotherapy C) surgery D) radiation
5. A) financial B) emotional C) medical D) social
III. WRITING
Phần 1: Write a word for each of the following definitions

1. It controls essential body functions like hunger, thirst, sleep, and body H _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
temperature to keep the body balanced.

2. Release of an ovum as part of a monthly cycle that leads to fertilization O _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

or menstruation

3. It is the place where a fertilized egg implants and develops during U _ _ _ _ _

pregnancy.

4. It is a canal that connects the uterus to the outside of the body V_____

5. It is the external organ used for sexual intercourse, urination, and the P _ _ _ _
delivery of sperm to the female reproductive system

6. A common neurological disorder caused by abnormal electrical E _ _ _ _ _ _ _

activity in the brain

7. A coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored after leaving the E_________
testes.
 8. It plays a crucial role in the immune system by producing T- T _ _ _ _ _
lymphocytes (T-cells), which help fight infections.

9. They are responsible for producing gametes (sperm in males and G _ _ _ _ _

eggs in females) and secreting sex hormones

10. The basic cells that send and receive signals in the nervous system N______

11. A reproductive cell or sex cell containing the haploid set of

chromosomes
G_____

12. The control center of the body that processes information and B _ _ _ _
coordinates actions and reactions.

13. A collection of cell bodies along the pathway of a nerve in the

peripheral nervous system
G_______

14. Thin fibers that carry messages between the brain and body. N_____

15. A sudden, rapid and involuntary self-protective motor response R_____

Phần 2: Write a medical term for each of the following definitions

1. A condition where the thyroid gland produces insufficient thyroid hormones

2. excessive growth hormone, leading to enlarged bones and tissues

3. Excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding

4. Surgical removal of the uterus

5. A swelling of the veins in the scrotum, similar to varicose veins

6. Inflammation of one or both testicles

7. A condition characterized by excessive secretion of hormones by the gonads

8. A psychological disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and weakness, often

associated with emotional distress

9. absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp.

10. Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

Phần 3: Use no more than three words to fill in each blank of the following sentences.
1. The surgeons took 6 hours to carry out the kidney transplant.
 The surgeons ___________________ carrying out the kidney transplant.
2. Eating fast food is harmful to obese people.
 It is harmful for obese ___________________ fast food.
3. Does she have intention to take part in the midwifery course next month?
 ___________________ to take part in the midwifery course next month?
4. It’s very important for the patient to follow the prescription.
  ___________________ is very important for the patient.
5. The doctor suggested her staying in bed for a several days.
 The doctor advised ___________________ in bed for a several days.

Phần 4: Write an email

1. Rescheduling a Check-Up
You have an appointment scheduled with Dr. Brown on Thursday for a regular health check-up. However,
you’re unable to attend due to an unexpected work obligation.
Write an email to Dr. Brown. In the email, you should:
- Apologize for needing to reschedule.
- Explain why you can’t make it.
- Suggest a new date or ask for the next available appointment.
Write about 50 words.

Subject: Request to Reschedule Appointment

Dear Dr. Brown,
I hope this email finds you well. Unfortunately, I need to reschedule my check-up appointment originally set
for this Thursday, as an unexpected work commitment has arisen. I apologize for any inconvenience
caused and kindly request the next available date or suggest a suitable time.
Thank you for understanding.
Best regards,
[Your Name]

Task 1: Invitation to a Health Screening Event

You are organizing a community health screening event focused on cardiovascular health. The event
includes free blood pressure and cholesterol checks, educational sessions, and lifestyle tips for heart
health.
Details:
Event: Heart Health Screening Day
Date: October 10, 2023
Time: 10 a.m. – 4 p.m.
Location: Community Wellness Center, Room 101
Main Speaker: Dr. Helen James, Cardiologist
Write an email invitation to your colleagues encouraging them to attend or help promote this event. Aim for
80-100 words.

Subject: Join Us for Heart Health Screening Day

Dear Colleagues,
We’re excited to invite you to Heart Health Screening Day on October 10, 2023, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
at the Community Wellness Center, Room 101.
This event offers free blood pressure and cholesterol checks, educational sessions, and practical lifestyle
tips for heart health. Dr. Helen James, a renowned cardiologist, will deliver an insightful talk on
cardiovascular wellness.
Please join us or help spread the word to support this important initiative. Together, we can make a
difference!
Best regards,

Task 2: Reminder Email for a Continuing Medical Education (CME) Workshop

You are sending a reminder for a CME-accredited workshop focused on “Advances in Oncology
Treatment.” This workshop will provide updated training on the latest chemotherapy techniques and
immunotherapy advances.
Details:
Workshop Title: Advances in Oncology Treatment
Date: September 15, 2023
Time: 9 a.m. – 4 p.m.
Location: Hospital Training Room B
Presenter: Dr. Emily Park, Oncology Specialist
Compose a reminder email for your colleagues who have registered, highlighting the benefits of attending
and reminding them of the date and location. Keep it concise (about 80-100 words).

Subject: Reminder: CME Workshop on Advances in Oncology Treatment

Dear [Recipient],
This is a reminder about the upcoming CME-accredited workshop, Advances in Oncology Treatment,
happening on September 15, 2023, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. in Hospital Training Room B.
Led by Dr. Emily Park, this workshop will cover the latest advancements in chemotherapy techniques and
immunotherapy, offering valuable insights to enhance your clinical expertise.
We’re excited to have you join us for this enriching learning experience. Please mark your calendar and
plan to arrive promptly.
Best regards,
[Your Name

Task 4: Announcement Email for a New Hospital Policy on Infection Control

A new hospital policy on infection control has been implemented to reduce hospital-acquired infections. You
need to inform staff about the policy and encourage compliance.
Details:
Policy: Updated Infection Control Measures
Implementation Date: Immediate
Highlights: Regular hand hygiene checks, mandatory PPE, and enhanced sanitation protocols
Write a brief announcement email informing your colleagues of the new policy, emphasizing the importance
of adherence to these guidelines. Aim for a respectful tone and a word count of 80-100 words.
Task 5: Invitation to a Mental Health Awareness Seminar
You are organizing a seminar focused on mental health awareness and coping strategies for healthcare
providers. The seminar will include techniques to manage work-related stress and improve well-being.
Details:
Event: Mental Health and Well-Being in Healthcare
Date: November 20, 2023
Time: 1 p.m. – 4 p.m.
Location: Hospital Auditorium
Speaker: Dr. Samuel Tan, Clinical Psychologist
Draft an email inviting your colleagues to attend this seminar, highlighting the importance of mental health
support in healthcare. Write 80-100 words.