| ni stele of Collppse ; (TeRSiga) oehnifion } Torsion maans hsishng hen a pain of forces ¢ Squal. magnihede but opposite dtrechon achyg on body. it Henels |p bist fe boc by | T= Fro | tone, | | | Te Fogue (Ate) | | d= Die of the Shel | F = Tangential force Tongue: A force acts parallel b te area of (r0ss Sechon tension e create Shear shoss i Tovgue %§ proctuced clue b Single free. Th is a Aoing cKlect of | hore. | |= tn veinforced concrete mombexs : | ee 5A torque is a amount oF force thot Herds rotate a body, + Offerent materials have ebifiront day b responcling rb prrsion | Some esil Aform | rath. B) cwven byeaks chpendling on the Hype | f materiads , 12 cxt/ be cbsewed tat alt beams ave Subjected & Some & | | Pr8tonad moment alse | f* Houewer i, mary (uses these velues ave smatt and clesiyrer | | have been Cangging out only Kame aneisiis * Gut thane are many cases tn ihich forstonal moment cannot 8 ipnoved. (0 4 beam ws? canbiever Slag (? Bedleong firdoss {9 Ring beam af loader tanks \ ,Types of _forston ; (D primary 2D eguilibrium (eh) Stabicalty oleterminate hrsion © Seconclay (2 Compatibility (2) Heb cally indeterminate irsit, > Ep ultbrium fxston + > Zt occurs clue by Priming achon ag loacks b> Lead rot Passing throu the shean cenke. Te oteurs due? eccentricity $ load > AA Care onus when he brstonal moment & repuived pb Batiriam anh merimum , Besonal moment (nae 98 tt by veelish bution ¥ tromends | EE Gabler spool "981 edge beam supporting cankleucn skb 2 * Compa hbility borsion ; Ht occurs due be Second ackon ofa faced shuchves 7H cars due sb6e55 ctevelysed! at Ke dorks fe Gand column This Care occurs when he breton moment cen be reduced &* [Link] SF wloral frees eoksle Compact bili by of clformabron 5 maintained fy 4e memben Ths type ef brsion is alto Fresh 0s Sewndarty brs? An edge beam sypeokny 30 harcverso beam prod Acishey7 wore + : Tprmay Iprsion marl be elesigned The lene in of sSeconclany hysion is ophonal. It forsional shff- e | ess (Tho) is Consieloned jn cnalysity tan hon of Prien 7s a Is tedal provision for persion are taken bom keus bendin 1 Kew 5 no sepcuate Gnals ys elerign for lowston, il is cles * yepui ived aie ruigned along oath Shean § flexure "It the beam is Subjected * fovsion ,minimen YRS of bans Gye provided ane at cach Comer, : | The beam is subjected to bbrstan sptral cracks are laselynd. LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE - CToRSIom) ace cialis & Epetvalent Shean (Ue)! (itt tite) Perea reece PMOL AS Ve = Ue + no] there . 2 Ve - €putvatent shear Via ~ Ulbimate shear Tu - Ulhmate torsional moment b - breadth of beam |! Fgetvalent benching moment (Me): Me + Me +My 119% bee, Me Me eR, (408 Me - Eyuivatent bencling moment | Me = Ultimate bencding tomoat Tau ~ Uftimate trsional moment \ D - ovenall clyp 4 \ b breadth of beam m - Hetbve bencl aeee Ulmate forstonal moment : Tr 0.87 ty Asy ¥b, ¥d, ue eect eee eet eee Sv Wshene , badi ~ denotes the centre to Cenbe clistuxe by he (omer bar Sy He Spadieg Asv - o/s area $ Shrrans Ay = Tus es demisslifes ‘B5d, eb Ty Sd) 9) 5) Cy Transverse rein | : SO rin ad Sy . Ao ov83 (Te-%) b WO Bey = [Tes vay bids ova 2h 0G J# (ly Bod # dnt: She term Lond refers fo he cttheston by concrete and Glee! which resist Ihe Siping of Steel bar from Conerete, Tt is the bone ishich ig respancling hor pansfon of bhesses fom Steel to Concrete and Mhese by provicling compas; le achoh of pa of steel and concrete fn Rite The bond clevelp clue fy setting of Concrete on choytg wshtch Vesult in Siping f steel bars #|Mechanism $ Bond big concrete arel shel clwebps clue bp He Pollosing Here mechanism. h Chertcal adhesion 2. frithon Aig concrete andl tec! 3. Mechanical vesistance. 4) Berd shess ; The bonel Skess in the shear shess eeveloped fn Concrete at He inbeufere of toncrele and steel Ht ts Gatled bonel sheos ancl ts expressed tn Forms fhe fongenbal force per unt! rominal Susface area of rin Pacing bars, Thee 18 @ Umit wots which suck shess can clwelop and beyond hat Pree wsill be shy. the chetign 425 by fake cave of y the followsing Ago Cases of bord | Keres, ») Fle reral bans Anckwege bend. || Flexural bars '- (local bond). * That ocurs clue Lenging moment along Sa, there hy plying tiffevent fersion (4) ban brds, (uy The Merulare benel 15 clefinedd as the magnthede of b. bone Shees ad any point on te Shuchral ekment dhe reinforcement § concrete. # | Anchorage ancl _clevelopment length : a ba Lg = Development lenly \ : The length of the ber needed tr tronsfin the shosse to the convete. area of Surface KO Maximum opplted farce > Bonet reristance EAXEID = Tappgg © Surface coe f Ee oe Glo) = Tod perm » (HO) ky, 6 hg» O88 Ge s 4% Cer \~ Wheres Thy = Dettgn bone! sets Ui poumissible shean shes | hg = Dievelopinent- lergh, # The Anchorage length of bans can be provide in the hrm of sheaghl ban if available olsen estse it imeyy be parholty shaight and pureally hcokedl , |4H Ihe leap 15 short it will 6p te minimum enchoreg c bay | | Yepuured tb resist clesign fore tn tho bran is Called Anchoroge krglt. + Th he bends started! often he cenbe $ Support ie ancbonge e lengis 4 at tecal yf ban but het Great x Iran (4p. + Anchorage volues af bend & hook : For cuery 46° bend tt gives an anchorage of “dla | | Subjected fo maximum of 16 chia. SER Anchorage leit: Mm é » | td sto Biel /soh aces ) | td 139M thy Snply supported beamh | bahere, e lea | 1 MOR ¥ beam ds ala pluce whew i bond 75 fo be checked. o!™C~«éa | | > Shear bree chee to ertomne! |} | load. | | | bo - Origénal Jory th | “4 ~ Development heng it [ ; LJ a ho < by Pat a |hy Bans ‘in tension + i Angle of beneling = 48 | Anchorage value = 4p @ Angie of bencling 2 Anchovoge value ~ $4 # Angle. of bending = 185 Anchorage value = \6q } = >More Han ins boncling 1S hot altewed tn concrefe [7 198 hook fe Possible ony with mild steel > For HYSD , maxi mum alowed! #5 135° Ub Bang tn Compression « — — A Ref ot Ts se, som hho! 26,26269 Pane: 43 > The Onchorage engin of Shaiyht Compression bers Shalt be epecal fo YS clevelopment bog The clevelepment heaglh shall Inclede the projected hog ¥ book, bencls and Shai Jeng to beyond ban it provided. KRY Bons tr Shean, | | | | Ref + 5 456 - 4000 CH 86 RY | Angle ef bens] Arctorape valiaa Pg no.43 ue? Sd — i a {Reg + sp: 3u ~ 1983 fe Peg no ; 67 . "0 186How 1 increase Bond shenghs : | Defrmed bars ¢ 601. Invcase bond shes) \_5 chosen Giede of Shrrps ty avotel Gacks > Hyher grade of concrete ¢ Increase bord sheygh) > Mh grace y strap > Increased (over 9 Increased clevelopement gh 9 Mechanics Gockorage Case rhs & usc Anchorage) DESI Bow STRESS IN 1+S.M FOR PLAIN BARG Th TEMS- a = on | Oracle of coreekT as | Was] Mag | Mae Design G Bord |g | Ls She ( rid) of | Type of steol | Type of gone Ted (W/m?) Tension Th ‘| Fe (96) a7, Compression — | 108% Ter (recat Fe ws (uysp] Tenston 1.60 ¥ Tag (0h inv) Emel xs | Compression | 625 v Tay (25%| Bunelled. bers | Lia fos To. \ pe inereose 107 | & oh | & 3.33% #) DESI EQUATION; |) Maximum local bone shess (a) Floxural | Te () Up = fat | £0. | Ushene Vo Bhean free | £0 Suef pertmalen (rp) do. PHective chpth ww Anchorage Jeng Hh Cty) | Lg = OB yg 4 Teg % Average bond shen (Td) ont By g en