17.

COMPLEX NUMBERS
Synopsis :
1. Complex Number :
A number which is of the form x + iy, where x, y are real numbers and i = −1 is called a complex
number. It also be written as (x, y). If z = x + iy, then x is called real part of z, y is called
imaginary part of z.
2. Argand plane :
By taking real part along x-axis, imaginary part along y-axis, complex numbers (x, y) can be
plotted as points in xy plane, which is called Argand plane.
x-axis is called real axis, y-axis is called imaginary axis.
The points on x-axis are purely real, points on y-axis are purely imaginary, point of intersection of
x and y axes is origin which represents O.
3. Modulus of a complex number :

If z = x + iy, then is called modulus of z and it is denoted by |z|. If z is represented by

P(x, y), then |z| = OP = .

4. Amplitude or argument of a complex number :

If OP makes an angle  with positive direction of x-axis, then  is called amplitude or argument of
z, where z is represented by P(x, y).
It is denoted by arg z or amp z. The value of , which satisfies x = r cos , y = r sin  where r = |z|
and lying in the interval (–, ) is called principal value of . If  is the principal value of , then
2n + , nZ is called general value of .
5. Modulus amplitude form of a complex number :
If z = x + iy, |z| = r, argz = , then cos = x/r, sin = y/r and z = r(cos + isin), which is called
modulus amplitude form of z. Also cos + isin = ei (Euler’s theorem on power series).
Ordered relations z1 > z2 or z1 < z2 are not defined in the set of complex numbers.
6. Equality of complex numbers :
If z1 = x1 + iy1, z2 = x2 + iy2, then z1 = z2  x1 = x2 and y1 = y2.
7. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of complex numbers.
If z1 = x1 + iy1, z2 = x2 + iy2,
i) z1 + z2 = x1 + x2 + i(y1 + y2)
1
 Complex Numbers
ii) z1 – z2 = x1 – x2 + i(y1 + y2)
iii)z1z2 = x1x2 – y1y2 + i(x1y2 + x2y1)

iv) zz21 = x1xx22 ++ yy12y2 − i(x1xy22 +− xy22y1)

2 2 2 2

If z1 = r1(cos1 + isin1); z2 = r2(cos2 + isin2), then z1z2 = r1r2[cos(1 + 2) + isin(1 + 2)]
z1 r1
v) = [cos( −  ) + i sin( −  )]
1 2 1 2
z2 rr2

vi) Additive inverse of x + iy is x−iy.

x iy
vii) Multiplicative inverse of x + iy is − .
x2 + y2 x2 + y2

viii) Multiplicative inverse of cis is cis(– ).

8. Conjugate : If z = x + iy, then z = x−iy is called conjugate complex number of z.
i) z = z  z is purely real.
ii) z = − z  z is purely imaginary
iii) z + z = 2 Re z

iv) z1  z2 = z1  z2

v) z1z2 = z1z2
 z 1  z1
vi)  = where z2  0
 z2  z2

9. Properties of modulus of a complex number :

i) | z1  z2 || z1 | + | z2 | (triangle inequality)
ii) | z1  z2 || z1 | − | z2 |
iii) | z1z2 |=| z1 | . | z2 |
z1 | z1 |
iv) =
z2 | z2 |

v) |z| = | z | = |−z| = | – z |
vi) z z = |z|2

vii) | z1  z2 |2 =| z1 |2 + | z2 |2 2 Re(z1 z2 ) =
| z1 |2 + | z2 |2 2 | z1 || z2 | cos(1−2) where 1 =

arg z1 and 2 = arg z2.

viii) |z1 + z2|2 + |z1−z2|2 = 2(|z1|2 + |z2|2)

2
 Complex Numbers
10. Properties of amplitude :
i) arg(z1 z2) = arg z1 + arg z2 + 2n
 z1 
ii) arg   = arg z1−arg z2 + 2n
 z2 

iii) arg z = – arg z

iv) arg z is not defined if z = 0.
y
v) arg z = Tan–1   , if x > 0, y  0
x
y
vi) arg z =  + Tan–1 , if x < 0, y > 0.
 
x
y
vii) arg z = –  + Tan–1   , if x < 0, y < 0.
x

viii) arg z = /2, if x = 0, y > 0 = – /2 if x = 0, y < 0.

11. Demoivre’s theorem :
(cos + isin)n = cosn + isinn, where n is any integer.
If n is rational, cosn + isinn is one of the values of (cos + isin)n.
12. Integral powers of ‘i’ :
If k is any integer, i4k = 1, i4k + 1 = i, i4k + 2 = –1, i4k + 3 = –i.
13. Square root of a complex number :
 2 2   2 2 
i) x + iy =   x +y +x   x +y −x 
  + i 
 2   2 
   

ii) x + iy = p + iq  x − iy = p − iq

iii) −a −b = − 1 a − 1 b = − ab

14. nth roots of unity :

2r  2r   2r 
n i
i) r = e = cos  + i sin  where r = 0,
 n   n 

1, 2,..... , n −1 are nth roots of unity.

ii) Sum of nth roots of unity is zero.
iii)Product of nth roots of unity is (−1)n−1.
iv) Cube roots of unity are 1, , 2, where =
− 1+ i 3 − 1− i 3
, 2 =
2 2

3
 Complex Numbers
v) Also 1 +  + 2 = 0, 3 = 1.

vi) Fourth roots of unity are 1, i, –1, –i.

vii) The n, nth roots of unity are the vertices of an n – sided regular polygon inscribed in the circle
|z| = 1.
viii) The three cube roots of unity are the vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle
|z| = 1.
15. z1, z2, z3 represent points A, B, C respectively
i) If z2 + z2 − z z = 0 the origin, z1 and z2 form an equilateral triangle
1 2 1 2

ii) If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of equilateral triangle and z0 is its centroid, then z2 + z2 + z2 = 3z2 .
1 2 3 0

iii) z, iz, −z, −iz in order form the vertices of a square with center at the origin.
iv) If z1, z2, z3, z4 are the consecutive vertices of a parallelogram, then z1 + z3 = z2 + z4.
1z2 + 2z1
v) If z divides the join of z1 and z2 in the ratio 1 : 2, then z = .
1 + 2

vi) |z – z1| = r represents a circle with center at z1 and radius r.

z − z1
vii) = k represents a circle if k  1 and a straight line if k = 1.
z − z2

viii) Perpendicular bisector of the join of z1, z2 is given by |z – z1| = |z – z2|.

16. Logarithm of a complex number : log z = log |z| + iarg z.

4
 COMPLEX NUMBERS AND DE MOIVRE’S THEOREM

OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS

 1 + i 2 +  1 − i 2
1.   is equal to
 
 1 −i  1 + i

(a) 2i (b) −2i

(c) −2 (d) 2
2.  1 3   3 + 4i 
 + 

=
 1 − 2i 1 + i   2 − 4i 
1 9
(a) 1 9
+ i (b) − i
2 2 2 2

(c) 1 9 (d) 1 9
− i + i
4 4 4 4

(1 + i)
2
3. The imaginary part of is
(2 − i)

1 3
(a) (b)
5 5
4
(c) (d) None of these
5

 1+ i m
4. If   = 1, then the least integral value of m is
 1− i 
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 8 (d) None of these
5. The value of i1+3+5+...+(2n+1) is
(a) i if n is even, – i if n is odd
(b) 1 if n is even, – 1 if n is odd
(c) 1 if n is odd, – 1 if n is even
(d) i if n is even, – 1 if n is odd
6. The real values of x and y for which the equation is (x + iy) (2 − 3i) = 4 + i is satisfied, are
8 5
(a)
5
x= ,y=
8
(b) x = ,y=
13 13 13 13
(c) x = 5 , y = 14 (d) None of these
13 13
 3 + 2i sin 
7. will be real, if  =
1 − 2i sin 

(a) 2n (b) n +
2

(c) n (d) None of these

1+a
8. If a = cos + i sin, then =
1−a
(b) cot 
(a) cot 
2

(c) i cot  (d) i tan
2 2
9. The multiplication inverse of a number is the number itself, then its initial value is
(a) i (b) – 1
(c) 2 (d) – i
 z1z2 
10. If z1 = 1 − i and z2 = −2 + 4i , then Im =
 z1 

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
x + y is
11. If (x + iy)1/3 = a + ib, then equal to
a b

(a) 4(a2 + b 2) (b) 4(a2 − b 2 )

(c) 4(b 2 − a2) (d) None of these
12. The values of x and y satisfying the equation (1 + i)x − 2i (2 − 3i) y + i are
+ =i
3 +i 3 −i

(a) x = −1, y = 3 (b) x = 3, y = −1

(c) x = 0, y = 1 (d) x = 1, y = 0
3 + 2i sin 
13. 1 − 2i sin  will be purely imaginary, if  =
(a) 2n   (b) 
n +
3 3
(c) 
n  (d) None of these
3

14. If (1− i)n = 2n , then n =

(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) −1 (d) None of these
15. The smallest positive integer n for which (1+ i)2n = (1− i)2n is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
16. The real part of (1 − cos  + 2i sin )−1 is
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 + 5 cos  5 − 3 cos  3 − 5 cos 5 + 3 cos 

17. If z = 1 + i, then the multiplicative inverse of z2 is (where i = −1)

(a) 2 i (b) 1 – i
(c) – i/2 (d) i/2
3
18. If x + iy = , then x 2 + y2 is equal to
2 + cos + i sin
(a) 3x − 4 (b) 4x−3

(c) 4 x + 3 (d) None of these

1 + iz
19. If z(1 + a) = b + ic and a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1 , then =
1 − iz

a + ib (b) b − ic
(a) 1+a
1 +c

a + ic (d) None of these

(c)
1 +b

20. If (x + iy)(p + iq) = (x 2 + y 2 )i , then

(a) p = x, q = y (b) p = x 2, q = y 2

(c) x = q, y = p (d) None of these

6i − 3i 1
21. If 4 3i − 1 = x + iy , then (x, y) is
20 3 i

(a) (3, 1) (b) (1, 3)

(c) (0, 3) (d) (0, 0)

22. If  1 − i 100
  = a + ib , then
1+i

(a) a = 2, b = −1 (b) a = 1, b = 0
(c) a = 0, b = 1 (d) a = −1, b = 2
1 + b + ia
23. If a2 + b 2 = 1, then =
1 + b −ia

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) b + ia (d) a + ib
24. If z = 3 − 4i , then z 4 − 3 z 3 + 3 z 2 + 99 z − 95 is equal to
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) – 5 (d) – 4
2
(2 + i)
25. The conjugate of , in the form of a + ib, is
3 +i
(a) 13
+i
 15 
(b) 13 +  −15  (c) 13 + i  −9  (d) 13 + i  9 
    

2 2  i 2     10 
10   10  10  10  

26. If z1 and z2 be complex numbers such that z1  z2 and | z1 | =| z2 | . If z1 has positive real part and
z has negative imaginary part, then (z1 + z 2 )
2 (z − z ) may be
1 2

(a) Purely imaginary (b)Real and positive

(c) Real and negative (d) None of these
2
27. The maximum value of | z | where z satisfies the condition z + = 2 is
z

(a) 3−1 (b) 3+1

(c) 3 (d) 2+3

28. If z is a complex number, then (z −1)(z) =

(a) 1 (b) –1
(c) 0 (d) None of these
29. If z = 3 + 5i, then z3 + z +198 =
(a) −3 − 5i (b) −3 + 5i
(c) 3 + 5i (d) 3 − 5i

30. The number of solutions of the equation z 2 + z = 0 is

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4

31. If z1, z2 are any two complex numbers, then | z + z12 − z22
| + | z − z2 − z2 | is equal to
1 1 1 2

(a) | z1 | (b) | z 2 |
(c) | z1 + z2 | (d) | z1 + z2 | +| z1 − z2 |
32. If z1 and z2 are two non-zero complex numbers such that | z1 + z2 | =| z1 | +| z2 |, then
arg (z1 ) − arg (z2 ) is equal to

(a) − (b) −
2

(c) (d) 0
2

33. If z = 1 − cos  + i sin  , then amp z =

(a) 
(b) − 
2 2

(c) + (d) −

2 2 2 2

34. If z = cos  + i sin  then

6 6

(a) | z | = 1, arg z = (b) | z | = 1, arg z = 
4 6

3 5
(c) | z | = , arg z = (d)| z | = 3 , argz = tan−1 1
2 24 2 2

35. If | z1 | =| z2 | and amp z1 + amp z 2 = 0 , then

(a) z1 = z2 (b) z1 = z2
(c) z1 + z 2 = 0 (d) z1 = z2
36. If arg (z) =  , then arg (z) =

(a)  (b) −

(c)  − (d)  − 
37. If z be the conjugate of the complex number z , then which of the following relations is
false
(a) | z | =| z | (b) z. z =| z | 2

(c) z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2 (d) arg z = arg z

38. If | z1 | =| z2 | = .......... =| zn | = 1, then the value of | z1 + z2 + z3 + ................ + zn | =

(a) 1 (b)| z1 | +| z2 | +........ +| zn |

1 + 1 + ......... + 1
(c) (d) None of these
z1 z2 zn
 2 − 3i , is
39. The conjugate of complex number
4 −i

(a) 3i
(b) 11 + 10 i
4 17

11 − 10i 2 + 3i
(c) 17 (d)
4i

40. If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers satisfying the equation z1 + z2 =1, then z1
is a
z1 − z2 z
2

number which is
(a) Positive real (b)Negative real
(c) Zero or purely imaginary (d) None of these

z1 − z 2
41. If z1 , z 2 are two complex numbers such that = 1 and iz1 = kz 2 , where kR, then the
z1 + z 2

angle between z1 − z 2 and z1 + z 2 is

(a) tan −1k 22k+ 1  (b) tan −1  1−2kk 2 
   

(c) – 2 tan −1 k (d) 2 tan −1 k

z −1
42. If | z | = 1 and  =
(where z  −1) , then Re() is
z+1
1
(a) 0 (b) −
| z + 1| 2

2
(c) z
.
1 (d)
z + 1 | z + 1| 2 |z+1|2

43. If z be the conjugate of the complex number z , then which of the following relations is
false
(a) | z | =| z | (b) z. z =| z | 2

(c) z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2 (d) arg z = arg z

z1 − z2
44. Let z1 be a complex number with | z1 | =1 and z2 be any complexnumber, then =
1 −z1 z2

(a) 0 (b) 1

(c) – 1 (d) 2
45. For any two complex numbers z1 , z 2 we have | z1 + z 2 | 2 = | z1 | 2 + | z 2 | 2 then
 z1  z 1
(a) Re __  = 0 (b) Im __  = 0
 z2  z2 

(c) Re(z1 z 2 ) = 0 (d) Im(z1 z2 ) = 0

46. If | z1 + z 2 | =| z1 − z 2 | , then the difference in the amplitudes of z 1 and z 2 is

 
(a) (b)
4 3

(c) (d) 0
2

47. If z and  are two non–zero complex numbers such that | z | = 1 and arg(z) − arg() = ,
then
2

z is equal to
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) i (d)– i
3 + i 3 − i
48. arg + is equal to
 
 2 − i 2 + i

(a) 
(b) − 
2 2


(c) 0 (d)
4

49. If z1.z2 ........... zn = z, then arg z1 + argz2 + .... + arg zn and arg z differ by a
(a) Multiple of  (b)Multiple of
2

(c) Greater than  (d)Less than 2 

50. Which of the following are correct for any two complex numbers z1 and z2
(a) | z1z2 | =| z1 || z2 | (b) arg (z1z2 ) = (arg z1)(arg z2 )
(c) | z1 + z2 | =| z1 | +| z2 | (d) | z1 − z2 | | z1 | −| z2 |
 z 2 z1 
51. If z1 = 1 + 2i and z 2 = 3 + 5i , and then Re   is equal to
z2 

−31 (b) 17
(a) 17 22

−17 (d) 22
(c)
31 17

52. If ( 8 + i)50 = 349 (a + ib) then a2 + b 2 is

(a) 3 (b) 8
(c) 9 (d) 8
  z1 
53. If | z1 | =| z 2 | and arg  =, then z1 + z 2 is equal to
 z2 

(a) 0 (b) Purely imaginary

(c) Purely real (d) None of these
54. The real part 1
of (1− i)−i is
(a) e − / 4 cos log 2 (b) − e − / 4 sin 1 log 2 
   
 
1 2  1 2  
(c) e / 4 cos log 2 (d) e − / 4 sin log 2
   
2  2 

55. If a + ib = x + iy , then possible value of a − ib is

(a) x2+y2 (b) x2+y2

(c) x + iy (d) x −iy

56.  x − i
i log  is equal to
x+i

(a)  + 2 tan −1 x (b)  − 2 tan −1 x

(c) −  + 2 tan −1 x (d) −  − 2 tan −1 x
1 + 7i
57. =
(2 − i)2
 3
(a) 3    
2 cos + i sin  (b) 2 cos + i sin 
 4 4   4 4
 3 3 
(c) cos + i sin (d)None of these
 
 4 4 

58. The value of (−i)1 / 3 is

1 + 3i 1−3i
(a) (b)
2 2

(c) −3−i 3−i

(d) -
2 2

a + ib
59. If x + iy = , then (x 2 + y 2 )2 =
c + id

(a) a2 + b2
(b) a + b
c2 + d2 c +d
2
 a2 + b 2 
c2 + d2
(c) a2 + b2 (d)  c2+ d 2
 
60. If (1 + i 3 )9 = a + ib, then b is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 256
(c) 0 (d) 9 3
61. The number of non-zero integral solutions of the equation | 1 − i| x = 2 x is
(a) Infinite (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) None of these
62. The imaginary part of tan −15i is
3

(a) 0 (b) 
(c) log 2 (d) log 4
1
63. If y = cos  + i sin  ,then the value of y+ is
y

(a) 2 cos  (b) 2 sin

(c) 2cosec  (d) 2 tan 

1−i
64. is equal to
1 +i

(a)    
cos + i sin (b) cos − i sin
2 2 2 2
 
(c) sin + i cos (d) None of these
2 2

65. If | z 2 − 1| =| z | 2 +1 , then z lies on

(a) An ellipse (b) The imaginary axis
(c) A circle (d) The real axis

66. The equation z z + a z + az + b = 0, b  R represents a circle if

(a) | a | 2= b (b) | a | 2  b
(c)| a | 2  b (d) None of these
67. Let a be a complex number such that | a |  1 and z1 , z 2 ,......... be vertices of a polygon such that
zk = 1 + a + a 2 + ...... + ak −1 . Then the vertices of the polygon lie within a circle
1
(a) | z − a | = a (b) z− =| 1 − a |
1−a

1 = 1
(c) z− (d) | z − (1 − a)| =| 1 − a |
1−a |1−a|
68. Let the complex numbers z1, z2 and z3 be the vertices of an equilateral triangle. Let z0 be

the circum centre of the triangle, then z2+z2+z2=

1 2 3

(a) z 02 (b) − z 02
(c) 3 z 02 (d) − 3z 02
69. The complex numbers z1 , z 2 , z 3 are the vertices of a triangle. Then the complex numbers z

which make the triangle into a parallelogram is

(a) z1 + z 2 − z3 (b) z1 − z 2 + z 3

(c) z 2 + z 3 −z1 (d) All the above

70. Let z1 , z 2 , z 3 be three vertices of an equilateral triangle circumscribing the circle | z | = 1 . If

2
1
z= + 3i
and
1
2
z1 , z 2 , z 3 are in anticlockwise sense then z 2 is
2

(a) 1 + 3i (b) 1 − 3 i
(c) 1 (d) – 1
71. If z is a complex number in the Argand plane, then the equation | z − 2| +| z + 2| = 8 represents

(a) Parabola (b) Ellipse

(c) Hyperbola (d) Circle
72. If z1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 are the affixes of four points in the Argand plane and z is the affix of a point
such that | z − z1 | =| z − z 2 | =| z − z 3 | =| z − z 4 | , then z1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 are
(a) Concyclic
(b) Vertices of a parallelogram
(c) Vertices of a rhombus
(d) In a straight line
73. If z = x + iy, then area of the triangle whose vertices are points z, iz and z + iz is
3
(a) 2 | z | 2 (b) 1 | z | 2 (c) | z | 2 (d) |z|2
2 2

74. If | z + 1| = 2 | z − 1|, then the locus described by the point z in the Argand diagram is a
(a) Straight line (b) Circle
(c) Parabola (d) None of these
75. If the area of the triangle formed by the points z, z + iz and iz on the complex plane is 18,
then the value of | z | is
(a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 3 2 (d) 2 3
76. The region of Argand plane defined by | z − 1| + | z + 1|  4 is

(a) Interior of an ellipse

(b) Exterior of a circle
(c) Interior and boundary of an ellipse
(d) None of these
77. Let z and z be two complex numbers such that z1 z 2 = 1 . Then
+
1 2
z2 z1

(a) z1 , z 2 arecollinear

(b) z1 , z 2 and the origin form a right angled triangle

(c) z1 , z 2 and the origin form an equilateral triangle

(d) None of these

78. The locus represented by | z − 1| =|z + i| is
(a) A circle of radius 1
(b) An ellipse with foci at (1, 0) and (0, – 1)
(c) A straight line through the origin
(d) A circle on the line joining (1, 0),(0,1) asdiameter
79. If z = x + iy and | z − 2 + i| =| z − 3 − i|, then locus of z is
(a) 2 x + 4 y − 5 = 0 (b) 2 x − 4 y − 5 = 0
(c) x + 2y = 0 (d) x − 2y + 5 = 0
n
 1+ cos + i sin  
80.  1+ cos − i sin  =
 
(a) cos n − i sinn (b) cos n + i sin n
(c) sin n + i cos n (d) sin n − i cos n
81. If n is a positive integer, then (1 + i)n + (1 − i)n is equal to
(a) ( 2 )n−2 cos n  (b) ( 2 )n−2 sin n 
   
 4   4 
 n   n 
(c) ( 2 )n+2 cos (d) ( 2 )n+2 sin
   
 4   4 
8
1 + cos( / 8) + i sin( / 8)
82.   is equal to
1 + cos( / 8) − i sin( / 8)
 

(a) – 1 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) 2
83. If  is a cube root of unity, then (1 +  )3 − (1 +  2 )3 =
(a) 0 (b) 
(c) 2 (d) None of these
84. If(cos  + i sin)(cos 2 + i sin 2)........ (cos n + i sin n ) = 1 , then the value of  is
(b) 2m
(a) 4m  n(n + 1)

4m m
(c) (d)
n(n + 1) n(n + 1)

85. (− 3 + i)53 where i2 = −1 is equal to

(a) 253 ( 3 + 2i) (b) 252 ( 3 − i)
3 1 
(c) 253 + i (d)
253 ( 3 − i)
 2 2 
 
(cos  + i sin )4
86. =
(sin  + i cos  )5

(a) cos(4 + 5 ) + i sin(4 + 5 )

(b) cos(4 + 5 ) − i sin(4 + 5 )

(c) sin(4 + 5  ) − i cos(4 + 5 )

(d) None of these

n
 1 + sin + i cos  
87.  1 + sin − i cos   =
 
 n 
(a) cos − n + i sin  n − n  (b) cos  n + n  + i sin  n + n 
       
 2   2   2   2 
 n (d) 
(c) sin

− n + i cos  n 
− n
 cos n   + 2 + i sin n  + 2 
       
 2   2  2  2 
88. The product of all the roots of cos 
3/4
  is
+ i sin
 3 3

(a) −1 (b) 1

(c) 3
(d) − 1
2 2

1 1
+ x = 2 cos  , then xn +
89. If is equal to
x xn

(a) 2 cos n (b) 2 sin n

(c) cos n (d) sin n
   10
90. The value of 1 − cos 10 + i sin 10 

1 − cos  − i sin   =

 10 10 

(a) 0 (b) – 1
(c) 1 (d) 2
91. If cos  + cos  + cos  = 0 = sin  + sin  + sin then cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 equals
(a) 2 cos( +  + ) (b) cos 2( +  +  )
(c) 0 (d) 1

92. If  is a cube root of unity, then (1 +  −  2) (1 −  + 2)

(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 2 (d) 4
93. If  is a cube root of unity, then the value of (1 −  +  2 )5 + (1 +  −  2 )5 =
(a) 16 (b) 32
(c) 48 (d) – 32
94. If  is a complex cube root of unity, then (x − y)(x − y) (x 2 − y) =
(a) x2 + y2

(b) x 2 − y2

(c) x3 − y3

(d) x3 + y3
95. The value of a + b + c2 a + b + c2 will be
+
b + c + a2 c + a + b 2

(a) 1 (b) – 1

(c) 2 (d) – 2

96. If z1 , z 2 , z 3 ..........nn are nth, roots of unity, then for k = 1, 2, ...... , n

(a) | zk | = k | zk +1 | (b) | zk +1 | = k | zk |

(c) | zk +1 | =| zk | +| zk +1 | (d) | z k | =|zk +1 |

97. (−1 + i 3 )15 (−1 − i 3 )15 is equal to

+
(1 − i)20 (1 + i)20

(a) – 64 (b) – 32
(c) – 16 (d) 1
16
 − 1 +i 20  − 1 −i 20
98.   3 +   3 =
 2   2 
   

(a) 20 3i (b) 1

1
(c) (d) −1
219

99. If z + z −1 = 1, z 100 + z −100 is equal to

then

(a) i (b) – I (c) 1 (d)– 1

1+3i
100. If is a root of equation x 4 − x 3 + x − 1 = 0 then its real roots are
2

(a) 1, 1 (b) – 1, – 1
(c) 1, – 1 (d) 1, 2
101. If  is a complex cube root of unity, then
225 + (3 + 82 )2 +(3 2 + 8)2 =

(a) 72 (b) 192

(c) 200 (d) 248
102. sinh ix is
(a) i sin(ix) (b) i sin x
(c) −i sin x (d) sin(ix)
103. If 1,, 2 are the cube roots of unity, then
1 n  2n
 = n 2n 1=
2n 1 n

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c)  (d)  2
 COMPLEX NUMBERS AND DE MOIVRE’S THEOREM

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

 1 − i  2 = 2i +  − 2i  = −2
2
1. (c)  1 + i  + 

1−i 1 + i − 2i  2i 

2. (d)  1
+
33+4i
 

 1 − 2i 1 + i   2 − 4i 

=  21 + 2i2 + 32− 3i 26 − 162+ 12i2+ 8i 

1 + 2 1 +1  2 +4 

3. (c) We have (1 + i)2 = (2i)(2 + i) = − 2 + 4 . i

2 −i (2 − i)(2 + i) 5 5

(b) 1 + i = 1 + i  1 + i = (1 + i)
2 2i
4. = = i
1−i 1−i 1+i 2 2
 1 + i m
  ___  = im = 1
1−i

5. (c) Let z = i[1+3+5+... +(2n+1)]

Clearly series is A.P. with common difference = 2
□Tn = 2n − 1 and Tn+1 = 2n + 1

4 (4 + i)(2 + 3i) 5 14
6. (c) x + iy = +i = = + i
13 13 13
2 − 3i
7. (c) (3 + 2i sin )(1 + 2i sin )  3 − 4 sin 2   i 8 sin  
(1 − 2i sin )(1 + 2i sin) =  1 + 4 sin 2   + 1 + 4 sin 2 
   

Now, since it is real, therefore Im(z) = 0

8 sin
 = 0  sin = 0 ,   = n
1 + 4 sin  2

8. (c) a = cos  + i sin.

 ) + i sin
 11 −+ aa = (1(1 +− cos
cos ) − i sin
.

Rationalization of denominator, we get 1 + a (1 + cos  ) + i sin (1 − cos  ) + i sin

= 
1 − a (1 − cos) − i sin (1 − cos ) + i sin

9. (b) Verification

10 (d) If z1 = 1 − i and z 2 = −2 + 4i

z1 z 2 (1 − i)(−2 + 4i)  z1 z 2 
Then = = −2 + 4 i Im =4.
z1 1−i  z1 
11. (b) (x + iy)1 / 3 = a + ib (x + iy) = (a + ib)3
= a 3 + 3a 2 .ib + 3a.(ib)2 + (ib)3

= a3 − 3ab 2 + i(3a2b − b3 )

Equating real and imaginary parts, we get

x y
= a 2 − 3b 2 and = 3a 2 − b 2
a b
x y
 + = 4(a 2 − b 2 )
a b

12. (b) (1 + i)x − 2i + (2 − 3i)y + i = i

3+i 3 −i

(4 + 2i)x + (9 − 7i)y − 3i − 3 = 10 i

Equating real and imaginary parts, we get 2 x − 7y = 13 and 4 x + 9 y = 3 . Hence x = 3 and y = −1 .
13. (c) 3 + 2i sin will be purely imaginary, if the real part vanishes, i.e., 3 − 4 sin  =
2

0
1 − 2i sin  1 + 4 sin 2 

 3 − 4 sin 2  = 0

14. (b) If (1 − i)n = 2n ........................................................................................ (i)

We know that if two complex numbers are equal, their moduli must also be equal, therefore
from (i), we have
| (1 − i)n | =| 2 n |  | 1 − i| n =| 2 | n , (□ 2 n  0)
n
 12 + (−1)2  = 2 n ( 2 )n = 2n
 

 2n / 2 = 2n  n = n  n = 0
2

15. (b) We have (1 + i)2n = (1 − i)2n

 1 + i  2n
  = 1  (i) 2n = 1  (i) 2n = (−1)2
 1 − i 

 (i)2n = (i2 )2  (i)2n = (i)4  2n = 4  n = 2 .

−     −1
16. (d) {(1 − cos) + i.2 sin} 1 = 2 sin2 + i.4 sin cos 
 2 2 2
  −1  
 −1
=  2 sin  sin + i.2 cos 
 2  2 2
 
  −1 1

sin 2 − i.2 cos 2
=  2 sin 2   
  sin  + i.2 cos sin − i.2 cos
2 2 2 2
17. (c) Given z = 1 + i and i = − 1. Squaring both sides, we get z 2 = (1 + i)2 = 1 + 2i + i2 = 1 + 2i − 1 or z 2 = 2i.

1 i i i
Since it is multiplicative identity, therefore multiplicative inverse of z2=  = =− .
2i i 2i2 2

3
18. (b) If x + iy =
2 + cos  + i sin

3(2 + cos − i sin ) 6 + 3 cos − 3i sin

= =
(2 + cos)2 + sin 2  4 + cos 2  + 4 cos + sin 2 

 6 + 3 cos    −3 sin  
= +i
 5 + 4 cos   5 + 4 cos  
   

19. (a) 1 + iz 1 + i(b + ic)/(1 + a) 1 + a − c + ib

= =
1 − iz 1 − i(b + ic)/(1 + a) 1 + a + c − ib

(1 + a − c + ib)(1 + a + c + ib)
=
(1 + a + c)2 + b 2

20. (c) (x + iy)(p + iq) = (x 2 + y 2 )i

(xp − yq ) + i(xq + yp ) = (x 2 + y 2 )i

 xp − yq = 0, xq + yp = x 2 + y2

x =
y
and xq + yp = x 2 + y 2
q p

6i − 3i 1
21. (d) 4 3i −1 = x + iy =0
20 3 i
 1 − i 100  1 − i   1 − i 
22. (b) Given, 1 + i = a + ib ;    = a + ib
1+i 1−i
     

100
 a + ib = (1 − i)
2
 − 2i 100 100
 =  = (−i)
2
  2 

 a + ib = (i)4 25 = 1 + 0i,

23. (c) Given that a 2 + b 2 = 1 , therefore
1 + b + ia (1 + b + ia)(1 + b + ia)
=
1 + b − ia (1 + b − ia)(1 + b + ia)

(1 + b)2 − a2 + 2ia(1 + b) (1 − a 2 ) + 2b + b 2 + 2ia(1 + b)

= =
1 + b 2 + 2b + a2 2(1 + b)

2b 2 + 2b + 2ia(1 + b)
= = b + ia
2 (1 + b)
24. (a) Given that z = 3 − 4i  z 2 = −7 − 24i ,

z 4 = −117 − 44 i and z 4 = −527 + 336i

 z 4 − 3z 3 + 3z 2 + 99 z − 95 = 5

(2 + i)2
25. (c) z= = 3 + 4i  3 − i = 13 + i 9
3 +i 3 + i 3 − i 10 10
13 9
Conjugate = −i .
10 10

26. (a) Assume any two complex numbers satisfying both conditions i.e., z1  z 2 and | z1 | =| z 2 |
z1 + z 2 3 − i
Let z = 2 + i, z = 1 − 2i,  = = −i
z1 − z 2 1 + 3i
1 2

Hence the result.

2
z+ = 2 | z | −  2 | z | 2 −2 | z | −2  0
2
27. (b)
z | z|

|z|
2 4+8
1 3 .
2

Hence max. value of | z | is 1 + 3

1
28. (a) Let z = x + iy, z = x − iy and z −1 =
x + iy

x + iy x + iy
(z −1) = ;  (z −1)z = (x − iy) = 1
x +
2 y2 x 2 + y2

29. (c) z = 3 + 5i , z = 3 − 5i

 z 3 = (3 + 5i)3 = 33 + (5i)3 + 3.3.5i(3 + 5i)

= −198 + 10i

Hence, z 3 + z + 198 = 10 i − 198 + 3 − 5 i + 198 = 3 + 5 i .

30. (d) Let z = x + iy, then
31. (d) Check by putting z1 = 1 + 0i and z 2 = 0 + i

32. (d) | z1 + z 2 | =| z1 | +| z 2 | z1, z 2 lies on same straight line.

 arg z1 = arg z 2  arg z1 − arg z 2 = 0

sin         
33. (d) amp (z) = tan −1 = tan −1 cot = tan −1 tan − = − .
    
1 − cos   2   2 2  2 2

34. (b) z = cos  + i sin  = 3 + i

6 6 2 2
 3 1
| z | = + =1
4 4

−1 y −1 1/2 −1  1 
andarg (z) = tan   = tan   = tan    
x  3 / 2   3 

  
 arg(z) = tan −1 tan = .
 
 6 6

35. (b) Let z1 = r1(cos1 + isin1)

Then | z1 | =| z2 | | z2 | = r1

and arg(z1 ) + arg(z2 ) = 0  arg(z2 ) = −arg(z1 ) = −1

z2 = r1[cos(−1) − isin(−1)] = r1(cos1 − isin1)

= z1 z1 = z2 .

36. (b) concept.

37. (d) Let z = x + iy, z = x − iy

y
Since arg(z) =  = tan −1
x
 −y 
arg(z) =  = tan −1
 
 x 

Thus arg(z)  arg(z).

38. (c) We have| zk | = 1, k = 1, 2, .... n

1
| zk | 2 = 1  zk z k = 1  zk = z
k

Therefore | z1 + z 2 + .... + zn | =| z1 + z 2 +...... + zn |

(□ | z | =| z |)

1 + 1 + .... + 1
=| z + z + ...... + z | =
1 2 n
z1 z zn
2

39. (b) 2 − 3i = ( 2 − 3i)(4 + i) = 8 + 3 − 12i + 2i 11 − 10i

=
4 −i (4 + i)(4 − i) 16 + 1 17

11 + 10i
Conjugate = .
17

40. (c) Given z1 + z2 = 1  z1 + z 2 = cos  + i sin  (say)

z1 − z2 z1 − z 2

1 + cos  + i sin 
 z1 = = −i cot
z2 − 1 + cos  + i sin 2
 Which is zero, if  = n (n  I), and is otherwise purely imaginary.

41. (c) z1 − z2 = 1  z1 − z 2 = cos  + i sin 

z1 + z2 z1 + z 2
cos  + i sin  + 1
 2z1 = (Applying componendo and dividendo)
− 2z 2 cos  − 1 + i sin

42. (a) | z | = 1 | x + iy | = 1  x 2 + y 2 = 1

 = z − 1 = (x − 1) + iy  (x + 1) − iy
z +1 (x + 1)+ iy (x + 1) − iy

(x 2 + y 2 −1) 2iy 2iy

= + =
(x + 1)2 + y 2 (x + 1)2 + y 2 (x + 1)2 + y 2

43. (b)
44. (b) We have | z1 | = 1 and z 2 be any complex number.
z1 − z2 | z1 − z2 |
 = ; □ z1 z1 = | z1 | 2
1 − z1z2 z
1− 2
z1

| z1 − z 2 | |; Given that □|z |=1

= |z
| z1 − z 2 |
1 1

| z1 − z 2 | | z1 − z 2 |
= = =1.
| z1 − z 2 | | z1 − z 2 |

45. (a) We have | z1 + z 2 | 2 =| z1 | 2 +| z 2 | 2

| z1 | 2 +| z 2 | 2 +2 | z1 || z 2 | cos(1 −  2 ) =| z1 | 2 +| z 2 | 2

Where 1 = arg(z1 ),2 = arg(z 2 )


 cos(1 − 2 ) = 0  1 −  2 =
2
 z1  
 z1  | z1 | 
 arg z  = 2  Re z  = | z | cos 2 = 0
 2  2 2 

46. (c) Squaring the given relations implies that

x1 x 2 + y1y2 = 0
y1 y2
Now amp z − amp z = tan −1 − tan −1
1 2
x1 x2

y1 y 2
−
−1 x1 y1 x 2 − y 2 x1 
= tan x2
= tan −1 = tan −1  = .
1+
y1 y 2 x1 x 2 + y1y 2 2
x1 x2
47. (d) | z ||  | = 1  z   z . .... (i)
and arg =  = i  z = 1 . ... (ii)
 
 2  
 

From equation (i) and (ii)

z z
| z | =|  | = 1 and + = 0; z + z = 0
 

−z
z = −z = ; z = − i|  | 2 = −i. .


 3 + i 3 −i   6 + 5i + i2 + 6 − 5i + i2 
48. (c) arg +  = arg  
 2 − i 2 +i  5 
 10 
= arg  = 0 .
 5 

49. (a) We know that the principal value of  lies between − and  .
50. (a) Concept

51. (d) Given z1 = 1 + 2i , z2 = 3 + 5i and z2 = 3 − 5i

z 2 z1 (3 − 5i)(1 + 2i) 13 + i
= =
z2 (3 + 5i) 3 + 5i

13 + i 3 − 5i 44 − 62i
=  =
3 + 5i 3 − 5i 34
 z 2z1  44 22
Then Re   = = .
 z 2  34 17

52. (c) ( 8 + i)50 = 3 49 (a + ib)

Taking modulus and squaring on both sides, we get

(8 + 1)50 = 3 98 (a 2 + b 2 )

9 50 = 3 98 (a 2 + b 2 )

3100 = 3 98 (a 2 + b 2 )

(a 2 + b 2 ) = 9 .
 z1 
53. (a) We have arg  = 
z
 2

 arg(z1) − arg(z2 ) =   arg (z1 ) = arg (z 2 ) + 

Let arg (z 2 ) =  , then arg (z1 ) =  + 

 z1 =| z1 | [cos( +  ) + i sin( +  )]
 =| z1 | (− cos − i sin )

and z2 =| z2 | (cos + i sin) =| z1 | (cos + i sin)

(□|z1 | =| z2 |)

Hence z1 + z 2 = 0 .

54. (a) Let z = (1 − i)−i . Taking log on both sides,

  
log z = −i log(1 − i) = − i log 2 cos − i sin 
 4 4

= −i log ( 2e−i  /4 ) = −i 1 log 2 + log e −i / 4 


2 
1 i  i 
= −i log 2 − = − log 2 −
2 4 
 2 4

 z = e − / 4 e −i / 2 log 2 . Taking real part only

55. (d) a + ib = x + yi  ( a + ib ) 2
= (x + yi)2

 a = x 2 − y 2 , b = 2 xy and hence

a − ib = x 2 − y 2 − 2 xyi = (x − yi)2 = x − iy

56. (b) Let x−i z x−i

z = i log   = log  

x+i i x+i

z x−i x−i  x 2 − 1 − 2ix 

 = log  = log 
   
x +i x − i  x 2 +1 
 x 2 − 1
i
z 2 x 
 =
log −i (i)
 2 
i  x +1 x 2 + 1
□log(a + ib) = log(rei ) = log r + i

= log a 2 + b 2 + i tan −1 (b / a)

z 2  − 2x 
 x2 −1   − 2x 2
Hence, = log   +  + i tan−1 
 x2 + 1  x 2 + 1  x2 −1

i  

[by eqn. (i)]

z −1 
2x 
= x 4 + 1 −2 2 x 22 + 4 x 2 + i tan 1−x2
i log (x + 1)
 

= log1 + i(2 tan −1 x) = 0 + i(2 tan −1 x)

 z = i2 2 tan −1 x = −2 tan −1 x =  − 2 tan−1 x .

57. (a) 1 + 7i (1 + 7i) (3 + 4i) −25 + 25 i

= = = −1 + i
(2 − i)2 (3 − 4 i) (3 + 4i) 25

Let z = x + iy = −1 + i
 3
 r cos  = −1 and r sin  =1  = and r = 2
4
3 3 
Thus 1 + 7i =  + i sin
2  cos
4 
(2 − i)2
 4
−i   
58. (c) Since = − cos + i sin
3  
2
3
 6 6
 − 3 −i    3
  = −cos + i sin  = −i
 2   6 6
 

and 3 − i = cos  − i sin 

2 6 6
3
 3 − i  
and   = cos − i sin = −i .
 2  2 2
 

Hence the result.

a + ib a − ib
59. (a) x + iy =  x − iy = c − id
c + id

a2 + b 2
Also x 2 + y 2 = (x + iy)(x − iy) =
c 2 + d2

a 2 + b2
(x 2 + y 2 )2 =
c 2 + d2
1     i / 3
60. (c) 1 + i 3 = 2  + i 3  = 2cos + i sin  = 2e
 2 2   3 
3

(1 + i 3 )9 = (2e i / 3 )9 = 29.e i(3 )

= 29 (cos 3 + i sin 3 ) = −29

 a + ib = (1 + i 3 )9 = −29 ;  b = 0 .
61. (d) Since 1 − i =   − i sin   − i| =
2 cos ,| 1 2
4 4
 

| 1 − i| x = 2 x ( 2 )x = 2 x  2 x / 2 = 2 x

 x =x  x=0
2
 5 
 5i  5  i + 1
−1 −1 3
62.(c) tan   = i tan   = 2 log 5 
3 3
     − 1
3 
 −1  5i  1 1

Imtan  3  = 2 log 4 = 2 . 2 log 2 = log 2 .

  
 1
63. (a) y = cos  + i sin = e i , then = e −i = cos − i sin
y

1
 y + = 2 cos .
y

64. (b) 1 − i (1 − i)(1 − i) 1 + (i)2 − 2i

= = = −i
1 + i (1 + i)(1 − i) 1+1

which can be written as cos  − i sin


2 2

65. (b) We have | z 2 − 1| =| z | 2 +1

| (x + iy)2 − 1 | =| x + iy | 2 +1

| (x 2 − y 2 − 1) + 2 xyi | =  x 2 + y 2  + 1
2

 

66. (b) By adding aa on both the sides of zz + az + az = −b

we get, (z + a)(z + a) = aa − b

 | z + a | 2 =| a | 2 −b, {□ zz =| z | 2 }
This equation will represent a circle with centre z = −a, if | a | 2 −b  0, i.e.| a| 2  b since |a|2=b

represents point circle only.

1 − ak
67. (c) We have z = 1 + a + a2 + ....... + ak −1 =
k
1 −a
− ak
 zk − 1
=
1−a 1−a

 zk − 1
=
| ak |
=
| a| k

1
1−a | 1 − a| | 1 − a| | 1 − a|

 z lies within z − 1 =
1
.
k 1−a |1−a|

68. (c) Let r be the circum radius of the equilateral triangle and  the cube root of unity.

69. (d)standard problem

  2
2i / 3 1 3  2 
70. (d) z 2 = z1 e = + i cos + i sin 
 2 
2   3 3 
  
1 3   −1 3 i = − 3 − 1 = −1 .
i
= +   +
 2  2 2  4 4
2

71. (b) | z − 2 | +| z + 2 | = 8
 (x − 2)2 + y 2
+
(x + 2)2 + y 2
=8
  x 2 + y 2 + 4 − 4 x = 64 + x 2 + y 2 + 4 + 4 x − 16 (x + 2)2 + y 2

 − 8 x − 64 = −16 (x + 2)2 + y 2

(x + 8) = 2 (x + 2)2 + y 2

+ 64 + 16 x = 4[x 2 + y 2 + 4 + 4 x]
x
2

x 2+ y2
 3 x 2 + 4y 2 − 48 = 0  =1,
16 12

Which is an ellipse.
72. (a) We have | z − z1 | =| z − z 2 | =| z − z3 | =| z − z4 |

Therefore the point having affix z is equidistant from the four points having affixes
z1 , z 2 , z3 , z4 . Thus z is the affix of either the centre of a circle or the point of intersection of
diagonals of a square or rectangle. Therefore z1, z 2, z3 , z4 are either concyclic or vertices of a
square. Hence z1, z 2, z3 , z4 are concyclic.

73. (b) Let z = x + iy ; z + iz = (x − y) + i(x + y) and iz = −y + ix

x y 1
If A denotes the area of the triangle formed by z, z + iz and iz , then 1 x+y 1
A= x−y
2
−y x 1

Applying transformation R2 → R2 − R1 − R3 , we get

x y 1 1
1 1
A= 0 0 − 1 = (x 2 + y 2 ) = | z | 2
2 2 2
−y x 0

74. (b) | z + 1| = 2 | z − 1|

Putting z = x + iy | x + iy + 1| = 2 | x + iy − 1|

| (x + 1) + iy| = 2 | (x − 1) + iy|

(x + 1)2 + y 2 = 2[(x − 1)2 + y 2 ]

 x2+y2−6x+1=0.
Which is the equation of a circle.
1
75. (a) Area of the triangle |z|2 = 18 | z | = 6 .
2

76. (c) We have| z − 1| +| z + 1|  4

| z − 1| 2 +| z + 1| 2 +2 | z − 1|| z + 1|  16
(z − 1)(z − 1) + (z + 1)(z + 1) + 2 | (z − 1)(z + 1)|  16
  2| z | 2 +2 + 2 | z 2 − 1|  16 | z | 2 +| z 2 − 1|  7
77. (c) We have z1 + z 2 = 1  z 2 + z 2 = z z
1 2 1 2
z2 z1

 z2+z2+z2=zz+zz+zz , where z 3 = 0
1 2 3 1 2 1 3 23

 z1 , z 2 and the origin (□ z 3 = 0) form an equilateral triangle.

78. (c) | z − 1| =| z + i| | x − 1 + iy | 2 =| x + i(y + 1)| 2

(x − 1)2 + y 2 = x 2 + (y + 1)2

 x + y = 0 i.e., a straight line through the origin.
79. (a) | z − 2 + i| =| z − 3 − i|
 | (x − 2) + i(y + 1)| =| (x − 3)+ i(y − 1)|

 (x − 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = (x − 3)2 + (y − 1)2

 x2 + 4 − 4x + y2 + 1 + 2y = x2 + 9 − 6x + y2 + 1 − 2y

2x+4y−5=0.
n
 2 cos 2 ( / 2) + 2i sin( / 2)cos( / 2) 
80. (b) L.H.S. = 
 2 cos 2 ( / 2) − 2i sin( / 2)cos( / 2)
n
cos ( / 2) + i sin( / 2)  i( / 2) n
=  = e  = (e i )n
 cos( / 2) − i sin( / 2)   e − i( / 2) 

= cos n + isin n .
81. (c) (1 + i)n + (1 − i)n
 n n n n 
= (2)n /2 + i sin + cos − i sin
cos 
 4 4 4 4 
n n
n +1 n n
= 2 2 . 2 cos =2 2 cos = ( 2 ) n+2 cos .
4 4 4

82. (a) 1 + cos( / 8) + i sin( / 8)8

1 + cos( / 8) − i sin( / 8)
 

=  2 cos 2 ( / 16 ) + 2i sin( / 16 )cos( / 16 )

8

2 cos 2 ( / 16 ) − 2i sin( / 16 )cos ( / 16 )

 

[cos( / 16)+ i sin( / 16 )]8

=
[cos( / 16 )− isin( / 16)]8

   8    8
=  cos + i sin  cos + i sin 
16 16 16 16
  

= [cos( / 16) + i sin( / 16)]16

    
=
cos 16  + i sin16  = cos  = −1 .
 16   16 
83. (a) (1 + )3 − (1 +  2 )3 = (− 2)3 − (−)3
= − 6 +  3 = − 3 3 +  3 = −1 + 1 = 0

84. (c) We have(cos  + i sin)(cos 2 + i sin 2)

. ..... (cos n + i sin n ) = 1

 cos( + 2 + 3 + ... + n ) + i sin( + 2 + . + n ) = 1

 cos n(n + 1)   + i sin  n(n + 1)  = 1
 2   2 

cos n (n + 1)  = 1 and sin n(n + 1)  = 0

 2   2 
− 3 53
85. (c) (− 3 + i)53 = 253   +  i
 2 2
 

= 253 (cos 150 o + i sin150 o )53

= 253 [cos(150 o  53) + i sin(150 o  53)]

= 2 53 [cos(22 + 30 o ) + i sin(22 + 30 o )]
3 1
= 253 [cos 30 o + i sin 30 o ] = 253 +i .
 
2 2 

(c) (cos  + i sin) 5 cos 4 + i sin 4

4
86. =
(sin  + i cos ) i5 (cos  − i sin  )5

= − i (cos 4 + i sin 4)(cos  − i sin  )−5

= −i[cos 4 + i sin 4] [cos 5 + i sin 5 ]
= −i[cos(4 + 5 ) + i sin(4 + 5 )]

(a)  1 + sin + i cos  =  1 + cos  + i sin 

n n
87.
 1 + sin − i cos    1 + cos  − i sin  
    n    n
 2 cos 2 + 2i sin cos   cos + i sin 
=  2 2 2 2   =  2 2  
2 cos − 2i sin cos cos − i sin
  
   

 2 2 2  2 2
 
 3 / 4
(b) Given that cos + i sin = [cos  + i sin  ]1 / 4 .
88.  3 
3 

Since the expression has only 4 different roots, therefore on putting n = 0,1, 2, 3 in
2n +   2n +   and
cos + i sin multiplying them,
 4   
   4 
     3 + i sin 3   5 7
+ i sin 5   cos + i sin 7
We get  4 + i sin 4   cos 4
= cos  
cos
  4  4 4   4 4 
  
 1
89. (a) x + = 2 cos 
x

 x 2 − 2x cos  + 1 = 0  x = cos   i sin 

 x n = cos n  i sin n  1
=
1
x cos   i sin

1 = cos  i sin  
1
= cos n i sin n
x xn
    1
90. (b) Let cos − i sin = z and cos + i sin =
10 10 10 10 z

 1 − z 
10

  −
 (z − 1)z 10
Therefore, =  = (−z)10
 1 (z − 1)
 1−   
 z

91. (c) standard problem

92. (d) If  is a complex cube root of unity then 3 =1 and 1 ++ 2= 0 , therefore
(1 +  −  2 )(1 −  +  2 )

= (−2 2 )(−2) = 4

93. (b) (1 −  +  2 )5 + (1 +  −  2 )5
= (−2)5 + (−2 2)5 = −32 3 2 − 32( 3 )3 

= −32( 2 + ) = −32(−1) = 32

94. (c) (x − y)(x − y)(x 2 − y)

= (x 2 − xy − xy  + y 2 )(x 2 − y)

= x 3 − x 2 y(1 +  +  2 ) + xy 2 (1 +  +  2 ) − y 3

=x3−y3

95. (b) Multiplying the numerator and denominator by  and 2 respectively I and II expressions
a + b + c 2 a + b + c 2 (a + b + c 2 )  2 (a + b + c 2 )
= + = + = + 2= − 1
b + c + a 2
c + a + b 2
(b + c 2 + a) (c + a +a)
2

96. (d) The n th roots of unity are given by

i2 (k −1)
zk = e n , (k = 1,2 .... , n)

i 2 (k −1)
| zk | = e n = 1 for all k = 1,2, .... , n

| zk | =| zk +1 | for all k = 1,2 ..... , n

   −1 15 
i 3  
15
 1 i 3 
− 2 + 2  
 2− 2  
97. (a) 2 
15  +  
 (1 − i)20 (1 + i)20 
 
 

  
= 15 15  30  15 1 1
+ +
2 (1 + i)20  = 2  (1 + i)
20 (1 −i)20
(1 − i)   20 


98. (d) As −1+

=  and
−1−
= 2
2 2

 ( )20 + ( 2 )20 =  18 . 2 +  39 . =  2 +  = −1

99. (d) z + z −1 = 1  z 2 − z + 1 = 0  z = − or −  2

For z = −, z 100 + z −100 = (−)100 + (−)−100

=  + 1 =  +  2 = −1


For z = – 2, z 100 + z −100 = (− 2 )100 + (− 2 )−100

1
1 =2+ =  2 +  = −1.
= 200 +
 200 2

100. (c) x 4 − x 3 + x − 1 = 0  x 3 (x − 1) + 1(x − 1) = 0

1 + 3i
x − 1 = 0 Or x 3 + 1 = 0  x = 1, − 1, , 1 − 3i
2 2

so its real roots are 1 and – 1.

101. (d) 225 + (3 + 8 2 )2 + (3 2 + 8)2

= 225 + (5 2 − 3)2 + (5 − 3)2

= 225 + 18 − 5( +  2 )

= 225 + 18 − 5(−1) = 225 + 18 + 5 = 248 .

102. (b) sinhix = isin x .

103. (a)  =( 3n − 1) +  n ( 2n −  2n ) +  2n ( n −  4 n )

 = (1 − 1) + 0 +  2n [ n − ( 3 )n  n ]

=0+0+0=0.