Pokhara University
Faculty of Science and Technology
Course Code: ENV 310 Full Marks: 100
Course title: Water Supply Engineering (3-2-1) Pass Marks: 45
Nature of the Course: Theory & Practical Total Lectures: 45 hours
Level: Bachelor Program: BCE/BCRE
1. Course Description
The course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the
technical and practical aspects related to the design, construction, and maintenance of
water supply systems by covering topics such as hydraulic principles, water quality
analysis, treatment processes, pump design, and water distribution system design.
2. General Objectives
The general objective of this course is to provide students with a comprehensive
knowledge of the principles, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of water
supply systems. This course aims to equip students with the knowledge, skills to plan,
organize, design, and implement safe, sustainable, and efficient water supply systems for
communities and industries. Additionally, the course enhance the capacity of students to
analyze the latest technology, regulatory frameworks related to water supply systems
while implementing in the field.
3. Methods of Instruction
Lecture, Tutorial, Discussion, Readings and Practical works
4. Contents in Detail
Specific Objectives Contents
- Define the water supply Unit I: Water Supply System (4 hrs)
system and identify its 1.1 Needs and importance of drinking water
impact on community 1.2 Contaminated water, wholesome water and pure
- List the component of water
water supply system and 1.3 Components of water supply system
also recognize the flow 1.4 Impact of water supply system on Socio-economic
measurement techniques environment
- Interpret the Guideline and 1.5 National Drinking Water Quality Standard, WHO
Standard Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality
- Unit II: Sources and Collection of Water (6 hrs)
Identify and characterize 2.1Surface sources: Lakes, ponds, streams, rivers,
the sources of water and impounded reservoirs
explain the discharge 2.2 Underground sources: Springs, wells, infiltration
measurement from different galleries
sources 2.3 Rainwater harvesting system
2.4 Measurement of yield from different sources
(springs, streams, wells)
2.5 Selection of source for water supply system
1
2.6 Intake works: Components (spring intake and river
intake) and selection of site
- Calculate the water demand Unit III: Quantity of Water (5 hrs)
based on national guideline 3.1 Water demand: domestic, livestock, commercial,
- Analyze the variation of industrial, municipal, fire-fighting, losses and
water demand in different wastage as per National Guideline
scenarios 3.2 Per-capita demand and affecting factors
- Solve the relevant 3.3 Variation in water demand: seasonal, monthly,
numerical and design the daily and hourly variations
water demand for the rural, 3.4 Methods of population forecasting: arithmetic
semi-urban and urban area increase, geometrical increase, incremental
increase, graphical, master plan and logistic
methods
- Identify the possible Unit IV: Quality of Water (5 hrs)
impurities in water and 4.1 Impurities in water: suspended, colloidal and
examine the water quality dissolved impurities
4.2 Hardness and alkalinity of water and their
relationship
4.3 Living micro-organisms in water: virus, algae,
worms and indicator organisms
4.4 Water borne diseases: water borne, water washed,
water based diseases and water related vectors
4.5 Fecal-oral transmission route and preventive
measures
4.6 Physical, chemical and biological examination of
water
- Interpret the water Unit V: Water Treatment (10 hrs)
treatment process and 5.1 Objectives and components
distinguish the appropriate 5.2 Treatment processes and typical layout of water
treatment process treatment plant
- Design the different water 5.3 Screening: objectives and types
treatment plan 5.4 Plain sedimentation: theory of settlement
1HZWRQ¶V law and 6WRNH¶V law), types,
components and design
5.5 Sedimentation with coagulation: purpose, stages,
types of coagulants with chemical equations,
principle of coagulation and flocculation, optimum
dose of coagulant by jar test
5.6 Filtration: Mechanism of filtration, design and
operation of slow sand, rapid sand and pressure
filters
5.7 Disinfection: necessity and methods, chlorination,
forms of chlorination, dose, application and test of
chlorine, disinfection of byproducts
5.8 Softening: definition and types of hardness,
removal of temporary and permanent hardness of
water
2
5.9 Reverse osmosis, membrane technology, UV,
ozone and activated carbon treatment
- Recall the different Unit VI: Reservoir, Distribution System (5 hrs)
components of water 6.1 Types of distribution system
distribution system 6.2 Component of distribution system
- Solve the different 6.3 Hydraulic consideration of pipe flow
hydraulic consideration of 6.4 Method of water distribution system
pipe flow 6.5 Layout of distribution system; dead end, tree,
- Design the water radial and ring systems standards
distribution system and plan 6.6 Design of distribution system: pipe hydraulics,
the pipe layout system design criteria, pipe network analysis
- Identify and choose the Unit VII: Water Conveyance and Appurtenances
appropriate water (5 hrs)
conveyance appurtenances 7.1 Construction of pipe lines: planning, setting out,
- Visualize the construction alignment and gradient, excavation, laying and
of pipe line joining, testing and backfilling
7.2 Pipe materials: CI, GI, DI, Steel, Concrete, AC,
PVC, HDPE, PPR, CPVC pipes and their joints
7.3 Valves: sluice valve, reflux valve, globe valve,
scour valve, air valve, fire hydrants
7.4 Fittings: stop cock, water meter, water tap,
sockets, bends, elbows
. Unit VIII: Gravity Flow Water Supply System (5
- Describe the gravity flow hrs)
water supply system and 8.1 Introduction and typical layout of water supply
relate associated hydraulic system
theories 8.2 Collection chamber, Interruption chamber break,
- Compare the different pressure tank, Public stand post
practical technologies and 8.3 Practical technologies: anchoring pipes, stream
choose the appropriate and river crossings, barbed wire fencing,
technology protection of pipe lines and structures
- Apply the computer 8.4 Hydraulic design and use of computer software
software for designing
water supply
Note: The figures in the parentheses indicate the approximate periods for the respective units.
5. List of Tutorials
Chapters Tutorials
2 Discharge calculation of wells and capacity determination of impounded
reservoirs by analytical and graphical methods
3 Population forecasting and water demand for rural area, semi-urban area, and
urban area
4 Alkalinity, pH of water
5 Design of sedimentation tank, slow sand filter and rapid sand filter
6 Calculation of capacity of balancing reservoir by analytical and graphical
3
methods, water supply pipe line design of simple networks
8 Practice of computer software for designing water supply system
Field Visit: Field demonstration of the water supply system and submit the
report.
6. Practical Works
S.N. Practical works
1 Determination of total solids and dissolved solids of water sample.
2 Determination of turbidity of water sample.
3 Determination of pH of water sample.
4 Determination of chlorine in water sample by Starch Iodide method.
5 Determination of dissolved oxygen of water sample from :LQNOHU¶V method.
6 Determination of optimum dose of coagulant in water sample by using Jar test.
7 Determination of Coliform bacteria / Escherichia coli (E-Coli.) of water sample.
7. Evaluation system and 6WXGHQWV¶ Responsibilities
Evaluation System
In addition to the formal exam(s), the internal evaluation of a student may consist of quizzes,
assignments, lab reports, projects, class participation, etc. The tabular presentation of the
internal evaluation is as follows.
Internal Evaluation Weight Marks External Evaluation Marks
Theory 30
Attendance & Class Participation 10%
Assignments 20%
Presentations/Quizzes 10%
Internal Assessment 60%
Practical 20
Attendance & Class Participation 10% Semester-End 50
Lab Report/Project Report 20% examination
Practical Exam/Project Work 40%
Viva 30%
Total Internal 50
Full Marks: 50 + 50 = 100
6WXGHQW¶V Responsibilities
Each student must secure at least 45% marks separately in internal assessment and practical
evaluation with 80% attendance in the class in order to appear in the Semester End
Examination. Failing to get such score will be given NOT QUALIFIED (NQ) to appear the
Semester-End Examinations. Students are advised to attend all the classes, formal exam, test,
etc. and complete all the assignments within the specified time period. Students are required
to complete all the requirements defined for the completion of the course.
8. Prescribed Books and References
4
Text Books
1. Punmia, B.C., Jain, A.K. and Jain, A.K. Environmental Engineering ± I: Water Supply
Engineering. Jodhpur: Arahant Publications.
References
1 Modi, P.N. Environmental Engineering, Volume ± I: Water Supply Engineering.
Rajsons Publication Pvt. Ltd., Standard Book House.
2 Garg, S.K., Environmental Engineering (Vol. I): Water Supply Engineering. Delhi:
Khanna Publishers.
3 Davis, M.L. and Masten S.J., Principle of Environmental Engineering and Science. Mc
Graw Hill.
4 UNICEF. Guidelines for Gravity Flow Water Supply System. Nepal: UNICEF.