Republic of the Philippines

Pangasinan State University

(Binmaley Campus)
Binmaley, Pangasinan
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
CFLM 102 (Character Formation with Leadership Decision Making, Management and Administration)
Midterm Examination
1st Semester 2024-2025

TEST I. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the best answer for each of the following questions. Choose only one
answer in each corresponding to the letter of your choices.

1. What is the primary focus of leadership?

a) Maintaining order and efficiency
b) Inspiring and motivating others
c) Planning and organizing resources
d) Controlling and monitoring performance

2. Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of a manager?

a) Visionary
b) Task-oriented
c) Process-driven
d) Results-focused

3. What is the difference between a leader and a manager?

a) Leaders focus on the big picture, while managers focus on the details.
b) Leaders inspire, while managers direct.
c) Leaders are born, while managers are made.
d) All of the above.

4. Which leadership style emphasizes collaboration and shared decision-making?

a) Autocratic
b) Democratic
c) Laissez-faire
d) Transactional

5. What is the main goal of strategic leadership?

a) To ensure efficient operations
b) To achieve organizational goals and objectives
c) To build strong relationships with employees
d) To maintain a positive work environment

6. Which of the following is a key function of management?

a) Setting goals and objectives
b) Planning and organizing resources
c) Leading and motivating employees
d) All of the above

7. What is the primary focus of the Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid?
a) Identifying different leadership styles
b) Analyzing the relationship between leadership and organizational culture
c) Determining the effectiveness of different management approaches
d) Assessing the balance between concern for people and concern for production

8. Which of the following is NOT a contingency factor in leadership effectiveness?

a) The leader's personality
b) The organizational culture
c) The task complexity
d) The employee's skills and abilities
9. What is the core concept of the Great Man Theory of leadership?
a) Leaders are born, not made.
b) Effective leadership depends on the situation.
c) Leadership is a learned skill.
d) Leaders are influenced by their followers.

10. What is the primary focus of the Trait Theory of leadership?

a) Identifying the personality traits that contribute to effective leadership
b) Analyzing the impact of leadership on organizational performance
c) Determining the best leadership style for different situations
d) Understanding the relationship between leadership and follower motivation

11. Which of the following is NOT a strength of the Trait Theory of leadership?
a) It provides a clear framework for identifying potential leaders.
b) It emphasizes the importance of individual characteristics in leadership.
c) It is highly predictive of leadership effectiveness in all situations.
d) It offers insights into the qualities that contribute to successful leadership.

12. What is the central idea of the Leadership-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory?
a) Leaders develop different relationships with their followers.
b) Effective leadership requires a strong focus on task completion.
c) Leaders should treat all followers equally.
d) Leadership is primarily about achieving organizational goals.

13. Which of the following is NOT a fundamental function of management?

a) Planning
b) Organizing
c) Leading
d) Negotiating

14. What is the purpose of planning in management?

a) To develop a clear vision for the future
b) To allocate resources effectively
c) To set goals and objectives
d) All of the above

15. What is the main goal of organizing in management?

a) To create a clear structure for the organization
b) To assign responsibilities and roles
c) To ensure efficient communication and coordination
d) All of the above

16. What is the role of leading in management?

a) To motivate and inspire employees
b) To create a positive work environment
c) To guide and direct employees
d) All of the above

17. What is the purpose of controlling in management?

a) To monitor performance and identify deviations from goals
b) To take corrective action to address problems
c) To ensure that the organization is on track to achieve its objectives
d) All of the above

18. Which of the following is a key skill required for effective management?
a) Communication
b) Problem-solving
c) Decision-making
d) All of the above
19. What is the primary focus of the "Concern for Production" dimension in the Blake and Mouton's
Managerial Grid?
a) Employee satisfaction
b) Task completion
c) Organizational efficiency
d) Team collaboration

20. What is the primary focus of the "Concern for People" dimension in the Blake and Mouton's
Managerial Grid?
a) Task completion
b) Employee satisfaction
c) Organizational efficiency
d) Team collaboration

21. What is the main advantage of the Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid?
a) It provides a simple and easy-to-understand framework for analyzing management styles.
b) It helps managers identify their strengths and weaknesses.
c) It provides a practical tool for improving management effectiveness.
d) All of the above.

22. What is the central idea of House's Path-Goal Theory?

a) Leaders should provide their followers with clear paths to achieve their goals.
b) Effective leadership depends on the situation and the followers' needs.
c) Leaders should focus on motivating their followers to achieve organizational goals.
d) All of the above.

23. Which of the following is NOT a contingency factor in House's Path-Goal Theory?
a) The leader's personality
b) The organizational culture
c) The task complexity
d) The employee's skills and abilities

24. What is the primary focus of the "Directive" leadership style in House's Path-Goal Theory?
a) Providing clear instructions and expectations
b) Encouraging participation and collaboration
c) Empowering followers to make decisions
d) Focusing on building relationships with followers

25. What is the primary focus of the "Supportive" leadership style in House's Path-Goal Theory?
a) Providing clear instructions and expectations
b) Encouraging participation and collaboration
c) Empowering followers to make decisions
d) Focusing on building relationships with followers

26. What is the primary focus of the "Participative" leadership style in House's Path-Goal Theory?
a) Providing clear instructions and expectations
b) Encouraging participation and collaboration
c) Empowering followers to make decisions
d) Focusing on building relationships with followers

27. What is the primary focus of the "Achievement-Oriented" leadership style in House's Path-Goal
Theory?
a) Providing clear instructions and expectations
b) Encouraging participation and collaboration
c) Empowering followers to make decisions
d) Focusing on setting challenging goals and encouraging high performance

28. What is the main advantage of House's Path-Goal Theory?

a) It provides a practical framework for understanding the relationship between leadership style and
follower motivation.
b) It emphasizes the importance of adapting leadership style to the situation.
c) It offers insights into how leaders can effectively guide their followers towards achieving their goals.
d) All of the above.
29. What is the main difference between the Great Man Theory and the Trait Theory of leadership?
a) The Great Man Theory focuses on innate qualities, while the Trait Theory focuses on learned
behaviors.
b) The Great Man Theory emphasizes the importance of situation, while the Trait Theory emphasizes the
importance of individual characteristics.
c) The Great Man Theory is more descriptive, while the Trait Theory is more prescriptive.
d) The Great Man Theory is more focused on individual leaders, while the Trait Theory is more focused
on leadership in general.

30. What is the main contribution of the Trait Theory of leadership?

a) It provides a clear framework for identifying potential leaders.
b) It emphasizes the importance of individual characteristics in leadership.
c) It offers insights into the qualities that contribute to successful leadership.
d) All of the above.

31. Which of the following is NOT a key trait commonly associated with effective leaders?
a) Intelligence
b) Charisma
c) Emotional stability
d) Physical attractiveness

32. What is the primary focus of the Leadership-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory?
a) Understanding the relationship between leaders and followers
b) Identifying the different leadership styles
c) Analyzing the impact of leadership on organizational performance
d) Determining the best leadership style for different situations

33. What is the main idea behind the "In-Group" in the LMX Theory?
a) Followers who have a close relationship with the leader
b) Followers who are highly motivated and engaged
c) Followers who are trusted and respected by the leader
d) All of the above

34. What is the main idea behind the "Out-Group" in the LMX Theory?
a) Followers who have a distant relationship with the leader
b) Followers who are less motivated and engaged
c) Followers who are not trusted or respected by the leader
d) All of the above

35. What is the main advantage of the LMX Theory?

a) It emphasizes the importance of individual relationships in leadership.
b) It provides a framework for understanding the dynamics of leader-follower interactions.
c) It offers insights into how leaders can build strong relationships with their followers.
d) All of the above.

36. What is the primary focus of the "Planning" function of management?

a) Setting goals and objectives
b) Developing strategies and action plans
c) Allocating resources
d) All of the above

37. What is the primary focus of the "Organizing" function of management?

a) Creating a clear structure for the organization
b) Assigning responsibilities and roles
c) Establishing communication channels
d) All of the above

38. What is the primary focus of the "Leading" function of management?

a) Motivating and inspiring employees
b) Guiding and directing employees
c) Building relationships with employees
d) All of the above
39. What is the primary focus of the "Controlling" function of management?
a) Monitoring performance
b) Identifying deviations from goals
c) Taking corrective action
d) All of the above

40. Which of the following is NOT a key skill required for effective management?
a) Communication
b) Problem-solving
c) Decision-making
d) Artistic ability

41. What is the main purpose of the "Concern for Production" dimension in the Blake and Mouton's
Managerial Grid?
a) To ensure that tasks are completed efficiently and effectively
b) To maintain a high level of productivity
c) To achieve organizational goals and objectives
d) All of the above

42. What is the main purpose of the "Concern for People" dimension in the Blake and Mouton's
Managerial Grid?
a) To create a positive and supportive work environment
b) To build strong relationships with employees
c) To ensure employee satisfaction and well-being
d) All of the above

43. What is the main advantage of the Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid?
a) It provides a simple and easy-to-understand framework for analyzing management styles.
b) It helps managers identify their strengths and weaknesses.
c) It provides a practical tool for improving management effectiveness.
d) All of the above.

44. What is the central idea of House's Path-Goal Theory?

a) Leaders should provide their followers with clear paths to achieve their goals.
b) Effective leadership depends on the situation and the followers' needs.
c) Leaders should focus on motivating their followers to achieve organizational goals.
d) All of the above.

45. Which of the following is NOT a contingency factor in House's Path-Goal Theory?
a) The leader's personality
b) The organizational culture
c) The task complexity
d) The employee's skills and abilities

46. What is the primary focus of the "Directive" leadership style in House's Path-Goal Theory?
a) Providing clear instructions and expectations
b) Encouraging participation and collaboration
c) Empowering followers to make decisions
d) Focusing on building relationships with followers

47. What is the primary focus of the "Supportive" leadership style in House's Path-Goal Theory?
a) Providing clear instructions and expectations
b) Encouraging participation and collaboration
c) Empowering followers to make decisions
d) Focusing on building relationships with followers

48. What is the primary focus of the "Participative" leadership style in House's Path-Goal Theory?
a) Providing clear instructions and expectations
b) Encouraging participation and collaboration
c) Empowering followers to make decisions
d) Focusing on building relationships with followers
49. What is the primary focus of the "Achievement-Oriented" leadership style in House's Path-Goal
Theory?
a) Providing clear instructions and expectations
b) Encouraging participation and collaboration
c) Empowering followers to make decisions
d) Focusing on setting challenging goals and encouraging high performance

50. What is the main advantage of House's Path-Goal Theory?

a) It provides a practical framework for understanding the relationship between leadership style and
follower motivation.
b) It emphasizes the importance of adapting leadership style to the situation.
c) It offers insights into how leaders can effectively guide their followers towards achieving their goals.
d) All of the above.

Prepared by: Checked by:

Rommel G. Cruz, MS Crim Saylee M. Honrado, MS Crim

Instructor 1 Dept. Chairman, CCJE

Recommending Approval:

Romeo A. Caloza, Ph. D

College Dean, CCJE

Approved:

Marie Claire B. Briones, Ed. D.

Campus Executive Director
 Republic of the Philippines

Pangasinan State University

(Binmaley Campus)
Binmaley, Pangasinan
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
CRM 104 (Professional Conduct and Ethical Standard)
Midterm Examination
1st Semester 2024-2025

TEST I. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the best answer for each of the following questions. Choose only one
answer in each corresponding to the letter of your choices.

1. What is the primary meaning of "character" in the context of professional conduct?

a) A person's physical appearance
b) Distinctive marks or traits of a person
c) A person's social status
d) A person's ability to learn

2. What is the role of conscience in ethical decision-making?

a) To follow the law regardless of personal beliefs
b) To recognize right from wrong and act accordingly
c) To seek approval from superiors before making decisions
d) To prioritize personal gain over ethical considerations

3. What is the defining characteristic of corruption?

a) Misuse of power for personal gain
b) Lack of education and training
c) Inability to make ethical decisions
d) Following established rules and regulations

4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of deviance in law enforcement?

a) Behavior inconsistent with law enforcement norms
b) Adherence to ethical standards
c) Violation of departmental rules and procedures
d) Actions that undermine public trust

5. What is the importance of discretion in professional conduct?

a) To avoid making mistakes
b) To ensure fairness and impartiality
c) To avoid embarrassing or upsetting others
d) To prioritize personal gain over ethical considerations

6. What is the primary difference between dishonesty and misconduct?

a) Dishonesty involves deception, while misconduct involves a violation of rules.
b) Dishonesty is a personal flaw, while misconduct is a professional offense.
c) Dishonesty is a minor offense, while misconduct is a serious offense.
d) Dishonesty is always intentional, while misconduct can be unintentional.

7. What is the main purpose of ethical standards in an organization?

a) To establish a clear hierarchy of authority
b) To ensure legal compliance
c) To communicate the organization's moral values
d) To prevent employees from making mistakes

8. What is the core concept of ethics?

a) A system of moral principles governing conduct
b) A set of rules for achieving success
c) A guide for making personal decisions
d) A method for resolving conflicts
9. What is the meaning of "favoritism" in the context of professional conduct?
a) Showing preference to friends or relatives
b) Making decisions based on merit
c) Treating all individuals equally
d) Following established procedures

10. What is the primary concern related to incompetence in law enforcement?

a) Lack of physical fitness
b) Inability to perform duties effectively
c) Lack of education and training
d) All of the above

11. What is the role of intuition in ethical decision-making?

a) To provide a clear and objective guide
b) To rely on personal feelings and emotions
c) To supplement rational thinking and analysis
d) To avoid making mistakes

12. What is the key difference between malfeasance and misfeasance?

a) Malfeasance involves illegal actions, while misfeasance involves improper performance of legal
actions.
b) Malfeasance is intentional, while misfeasance is unintentional.
c) Malfeasance is a minor offense, while misfeasance is a serious offense.
d) Malfeasance is a personal flaw, while misfeasance is a professional offense.

13. What is the primary focus of police ethics?

a) To ensure that police officers are physically fit
b) To guide police officers in making ethical decisions
c) To prevent police officers from making mistakes
d) To ensure that police officers are loyal to their superiors

14. What is the main purpose of professional conduct regulations?

a) To establish a clear hierarchy of authority
b) To ensure legal compliance
c) To guide members of a profession in their conduct
d) To prevent members of a profession from making mistakes

15. What is the key difference between professional ethics and professional conduct?
a) Professional ethics focuses on moral principles, while professional conduct focuses on specific rules
and regulations.
b) Professional ethics is a personal choice, while professional conduct is a requirement.
c) Professional ethics is a theoretical concept, while professional conduct is a practical application.
d) Professional ethics is based on personal values, while professional conduct is based on organizational
values.

16. What is the meaning of "values" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Accepted principles or standards of a person or group
b) Personal beliefs and opinions
c) Material possessions and wealth
d) Social status and recognition

17. What is the main purpose of values education?

a) To teach students about different cultures
b) To enhance the value traits of individuals
c) To prepare students for a specific career
d) To promote social justice

18. What is the primary difference between moral and ethical?

a) Moral refers to personal beliefs, while ethical refers to professional standards.
b) Moral is a broader concept, while ethical is a more specific concept.
c) Moral is based on religion, while ethical is based on reason.
d) Moral is subjective, while ethical is objective.
19. What is the meaning of "oath" in the context of professional conduct?
a) A formal promise to uphold ethical standards
b) A legal document signed by an individual
c) A religious ceremony
d) A personal commitment to success

20. What is the main concern related to oppression in professional conduct?

a) Abuse of power and authority
b) Lack of education and training
c) Violation of departmental rules and procedures
d) Inability to make ethical decisions

21. What is the meaning of "neglect of duty" in the context of professional conduct?
a) Failure to perform required tasks
b) Making mistakes in performing duties
c) Showing disrespect to superiors
d) Prioritizing personal gain over ethical considerations

22. What is the primary purpose of Republic Act 6713 (Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for
Public Officials and Employees)?
a) To establish a clear hierarchy of authority
b) To ensure legal compliance
c) To uphold the principle of public office as a public trust
d) To prevent corruption and abuse of power

23. Which of the following is NOT a prohibited act under Republic Act 6713?
a) Accepting gifts from private individuals
b) Engaging in private business
c) Using public funds for personal gain
d) Upholding the highest standards of integrity

24. What is the main purpose of the "Code of Conduct" in Republic Act 6713?
a) To establish a set of rules and regulations for public officials
b) To define the roles and responsibilities of public officials
c) To provide a framework for ethical decision-making
d) All of the above

25. What is the main purpose of the "Ethical Standards" in Republic Act 6713?
a) To communicate the government's moral values
b) To ensure legal compliance
c) To prevent corruption and abuse of power
d) All of the above

26. What is the meaning of "disloyalty to the government" in the context of Republic Act 6713?
a) Refusing to obey orders from superiors
b) Criticizing government policies
c) Advocating the overthrow of the government
d) All of the above

27. What is the main difference between "character" and "ethics"?

a) Character refers to personal traits, while ethics refers to moral principles.
b) Character is innate, while ethics is learned.
c) Character is subjective, while ethics is objective.
d) Character is a personal quality, while ethics is a professional standard.

28. What is the meaning of "moral value" in the context of professional conduct?
a) Personal beliefs about right and wrong
b) Principles that guide ethical decision-making
c) Standards of behavior expected of professionals
d) All of the above
29. What is the main purpose of "professional ethics"?
a) To ensure that professionals are competent
b) To guide professionals in making ethical decisions
c) To protect the public from unethical behavior
d) All of the above

30. What is the meaning of "virtue" in the context of professional conduct?

a) A habit that inclines a person to act ethically
b) A personal quality that is admired
c) A moral principle that is universally accepted
d) A legal requirement for all professionals

31. What is the main difference between "ethics" and "morals"?

a) Ethics is a broader concept, while morals are more specific.
b) Ethics is based on reason, while morals are based on emotions.
c) Ethics is a professional standard, while morals are personal beliefs.
d) Ethics is objective, while morals are subjective.

32. What is the meaning of "integrity" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Honesty and trustworthiness
b) Competence and efficiency
c) Loyalty and obedience
d) All of the above

33. What is the main purpose of "professional conduct" regulations?

a) To ensure that professionals are competent
b) To guide professionals in making ethical decisions
c) To protect the public from unethical behavior
d) All of the above

34. What is the meaning of "accountability" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Being responsible for one's actions
b) Following established rules and regulations
c) Being loyal to one's superiors
d) All of the above

35. What is the meaning of "transparency" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Being open and honest in one's dealings
b) Making decisions in a fair and impartial manner
c) Providing clear and accurate information
d) All of the above

36. What is the meaning of "confidentiality" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Protecting sensitive information
b) Keeping secrets from superiors
c) Avoiding conflicts of interest
d) All of the above

37. What is the meaning of "objectivity" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Making decisions based on facts and evidence
b) Avoiding bias and prejudice
c) Being fair and impartial
d) All of the above

38. What is the meaning of "impartiality" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Treating all individuals equally
b) Avoiding conflicts of interest
c) Making decisions based on merit
d) All of the above
39. What is the meaning of "fairness" in the context of professional conduct?
a) Treating all individuals equally
b) Making decisions based on merit
c) Avoiding bias and prejudice
d) All of the above

40. What is the meaning of "justice" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Upholding the law and ensuring that everyone is treated fairly
b) Making decisions that are in the best interests of the public
c) Avoiding conflicts of interest
d) All of the above

41. What is the meaning of "due process" in the context of professional conduct?
a) Ensuring that all individuals have a fair opportunity to be heard
b) Following established rules and procedures
c) Protecting the rights of individuals
d) All of the above

42. What is the meaning of "equality" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Treating all individuals equally
b) Avoiding discrimination and prejudice
c) Providing equal opportunities for all
d) All of the above

43. What is the meaning of "diversity" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Recognizing and valuing the differences among individuals
b) Promoting inclusivity and respect for all
c) Creating a workplace that is welcoming to all
d) All of the above

44. What is the meaning of "inclusion" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Creating a workplace that is welcoming to all
b) Promoting diversity and respect for all
c) Ensuring that all individuals feel valued and respected
d) All of the above

45. What is the meaning of "respect" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Treating all individuals with dignity and courtesy
b) Avoiding discrimination and prejudice
c) Recognizing the value of each individual
d) All of the above

46. What is the meaning of "compassion" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Showing empathy and concern for others
b) Helping those in need
c) Making decisions that are in the best interests of others
d) All of the above

47. What is the meaning of "honesty" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Being truthful and trustworthy
b) Keeping promises
c) Avoiding deception
d) All of the above

48. What is the meaning of "trustworthiness" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Being reliable and dependable
b) Keeping secrets
c) Avoiding conflicts of interest
d) All of the above
49. What is the meaning of "loyalty" in the context of professional conduct?
a) Being faithful to one's employer or organization
b) Upholding the values and principles of the organization
c) Avoiding conflicts of interest
d) All of the above

50. What is the meaning of "responsibility" in the context of professional conduct?

a) Being accountable for one's actions
b) Performing one's duties to the best of one's ability
c) Making decisions that are in the best interests of the organization
d) All of the above

Prepared by: Checked by:

Rommel G. Cruz, MS Crim Saylee M. Honrado, MS Crim

Instructor 1 Dept. Chairman, CCJE

Recommending Approval:

Romeo A. Caloza, Ph. D

College Dean, CCJE

Approved:

Marie Claire B. Briones, Ed. D.

Campus Executive Director