D

V
M
D
O
C
T
O
R
S
P R E S E N T S
A KEY GUIDE FOR
PCS
(Provincial CivilService)
Held By
Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC)
&
A L L O T H E R I N S T I T U T I O N A L
C O M P R E H E N S I V E E X A M S
Compiled & Presented by:
MUHAMMAD SAJJAD HUS SAIN
DVM (UAF)
Sole Distributor:
U N I V E R S I T Y P H O T O S T A T
Liaquat Hall, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad

Introduct ory Editio n

A KEY GUIDE FOR
PCS (Provincial Civil Service)
& All other Institutional Comprehensive Exams
For Veterinary Graduates
Compiled & Presented by:
MUHAMMAD SAJJAD HUSSAIN
Student of DVM (Final Year)
Faculty of Veterinary Science
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
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(
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A
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PCS

&
OTHER
C
OMPREHENSIVE
E
XAMS
3
Compiled & Presented by:
M
UHAMMAD
S
AJJAD
H
USSAIN
DEDICATED TO
The Veterinarians for their Sense of
Dedication and Commitment
towards the Dumb Animals

VETERINARY SCIENCE THROUGH AGES

First written record of
veterinary medicine from ancient Egypt was provided by
Kahum Papyrus (1900 BC).
First mention
of Rabies was reported in Eshuna code of 2300 B.C.
Ashoka (269
-
232 B.C.) made compulsory provision of charitable animal hospitals.
First veterinary school at Lyon in France in 1761 (France).
In 1776, second veterinary school at Alfort near Paris.
Royal charter (1844) recognized the Veterinary Art as a profession.
Historic Milestones/Discoveries
Louis Pasteur
-
coined term vacci
ne; Fowl cholera vaccine, Rabbies vaccine,
Anthrax vacc
ine, and concept of attenuation.
Paul Ehrlich
-
Antibody production, Humoral theory, Acid fast staining, Father of
chem otherapy.
Edward Jenner
Œ
Small poxvaccination
Waksman
Œ
Streptomycin discover
y
Bruce
Œ
Malta fever
Loeffer and Shutz
Œ
Glander
Moore
Œ
Fowl typhoid
Nicolaier
Œ
Tetanus
Ricketts
Œ
Rocky spotted mountain fever
Bordet
Œ
Complement discovery
Loffer
Œ
Swine erysipelas
A. Flemming
Œ
First antibiotics as Penicillin
J. Lister
Œ
Asep
tic surgery
, Carbolic aci d
R. Bucchim
Œ
Father
of Pharmacology
M.J.B. Orfla
Œ
Father ofToxicology
Otto
-
lewi
Œ
Neurotransmitter discovery
O.W. Holmes
Œ
Coined term Anaesthesia
Rudolphi
Œ
Father of
Parasitology
Virchow
Œ
Father of Cellular Pathology
Ko
hler & Milste in
Œ
Hybridoma (Monoclonal antibodies)
technique
E. Porter
Œ
Structure of antibodies
Landsteiner
Œ
Blood Group
Celsus
Œ
Four cardinal signs of inflammation
COMMON PHYSIOLOGICAL VALUES OF VARIOUS
DOMESTICATED LIVESTOCK
Particulars
Cattle
Buffalo
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Rectal Temperature (F
o
)
101.5
101.0
103.0
103.0
100.5
Normal Pulse Rate/min
50
-
70
48
-
65
70
-
80
70
-
80
30
-
40
Normal Resp. Rate/min
20
-
30
20
-
28
20
-
30
20
-
30
10
-
16
Age at First Service (mo)
15
-
18
24
-
27
8
-
12
8
-
12
16
-
18
Gestation
Period (days)
283
304
150
150
340

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&
OTHER
C
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E
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5
Compiled & Presented by:
M
UHAMMAD
S
AJJAD
H
USSAIN
Particulars
Dog
Cat
Camel
Fowl
Rectal Temperature (F
o
)
101
-
102
101.0
99.5
107.0
Normal Pulse Rate/min
70
-
130
110
-
130
30
-
50
120
-
160
Normal Resp. Rate/min
15
-
30
20
-
30
10
-
12
15
-
50
Age at First Service (mo)
6
-
12
6
-
15
--
--
Gestation Period (days)
63
56
370
21 (hatch)
SCIENTIFIC NAM ES OF ANIMALS
Common Name
Scientific Name
Alpaca
Llama pacos
Ass
Equus asinus
Buffalo
Bubalus bubalis
Camel
Camelus dromedarianus (Single hump)
Camelus bacterianus (Do
uble hump)
Cat
Felis domesticus
Cattle
Bos indicus / Bos taurus
Dog
Canisfamilaris
Goat
Capra hircus
Guanaco
Lama guanicoe
Horse
Equus caballus
Llama
Llama glama
Mithun
Bos gaurus
Pig
Sus scrofa
Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Reindeer
Rangifer tarandus
Sheep
Ovis aries
Vicuna
Vicugna vicugna
Yalk
Bos grunniens
SCIENTIFIC NAM ES OF BIRDS
Common Name
Scientific Name
Chicken
Gallus domesticus
Duck
Anas platyrhynchos
Geese
An
ser
anser
Golden eagle
Aqui
la chrysactes
Guinea fowl
Numida
meleagris
Muscovy
Cainna maschata
Ostrich
Struthio camelus
Pea fowl (peacock)
Pavo cristatus
Pigeon
Columba livia
Pheasants
Phasians colchrices
Quail
Coturnix spp.

Red horned owl

Bubo bubo
Screech owl
Tyto albo
Swan
Cygnus spp.
Turkey
Meleagris gallopovo
COMMON AND COLLOQUIAL TERMS USED FOR
DIFFERENT CONDITIONS/DISEASES
Sr.
Colloquial Term
Equivalent English
Term
Explanation (if any)
1
.
--
A non specific condition characterized
by d
ecrease
in appetite, halitosis in
some cases, slight depression, decrease
in production. It is perhaps due to
presence of noctious agents in blood
and organs.
2.
Hydropsy
--
3.
--
To push air into the vagina for letdown
of milk
4.
--
Wheat bran, bread crum
s, oil cakes, or
gram hulls etc wit h wheat s traw is gi ven
to animal when there is shortage of
green fodder.
5.
Uterine torsion
--
6.
Prolapse
--
7.
Debility
--
8.
Canine distemper in dog
--
9.
Surra in camel
Trypanosomiasis in camel
10.
Strangles
--
11.
Glanders
--
12.
Diarrhea
--
13.
Bovine Ephemeral Fever
--
14.
Drench
--
15.
Pregnant
--
16.
Non
-
pregnant
--
16.
Cow heifer
--
17.
Yearling cow bull
--
18.
Female cow calf
--
19.
Male cow calf
--
20.
Femal
e buffalo calf
--
21.
Male buffalo calf
--
22.
Exotic
--
23.
Early lactation
--
24.
Edema
--
25.
--
Cow/buffalo near to end of lactation
26.
Pyometra
--
27.
Docile
--
28.
Halte r
--

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PCS

&
OTHER
C
OMPREHENSIVE
E
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7
Compiled & Presented by:
M
UHAMMAD
S
AJJAD
H
USSAIN
29.
Muzzle
--
30.
Maize fodder
--
31
.
Three teater
Animal having three teats
32.
Two teater
Animal having two
teats
33.
Foal
34.
--
Black buffalo with blue eyes
35.
--
Black buffalo with black eyes
36.
--
Tumor on third eyelid
37.
Worms/Parasite
--
38.
--
Lesions
at the teat opening
39.
--
Panj Kalyan + Blue eyes
40.
Leather halter
--
41.
Constipation
Animal is unable to defecate
42.
Red water
--
43.
FMD
Foot and Mouth Disease
44.
Abortion
--
45.
Abomasal displacement
--
46.
Actinobacil
losis
--
47.
Actinomycosis
--
48.
Alopecia
--
49.
Anemia
--
51.
Anoestrus
--
52.
Anthrax
--
53.
Arthritis
--
54.
Aural hematoma
--
55.
Bed sore
--
56.
Skipping of one milking to show that a cow/buffalo is producing
more milk
that the actual should on a plan of regular evening and
morning milk.
WATER-BORN DISEASES
1.
Amoebiasis
2.
Anthrax
3.
Black Quarter
4.
Bordetellosis
5.
Borreliosis
6.
Bovine Contagious Abortion
7.
Brucellosis
8.
Compylobacteriosis
9.
Cholera
10.
[Link] Infection
11.
Fasc
iolosis
12.
Giardiasis
13.
Hog cholera
14.
Infectious canine distemper
15.
Influenza
16.
Jaundice
17.
Johne's disease
18.
Kidney worm infection
19.
Leptospirosis
20.
Parasitic bronchitis
21.
Parasitic gastroenteritis
22.
Parvovirus infection
23.
Pasteurellosis
24.
Salmonellosis
25.
Schistosom
iasis
26.
Swine erysipelas
27.
Trachoma
28.
Tuberculosis
29.
Vibrio cholera
30.
Viral hepatitis

MILK-BORN DI SEASES
1.
Anthrax
2.
Cholera
3.
Diphtheria
4.
Dysentery
5.
Foot and Mouth Disease
6.
Gastro
-
enteritis
7.
Mastitis
8.
Milk sickness
9.
Paratyphoid fever
10.
Scarlet fever
11.
Sept
ic sore throat
12.
Small pox
13.
Tuberculosis
14.
Typhoid fever
15.
Undulant fever
AIR-BORN DISEASES
1.
Air pollution syndrome
2.
Allergy rhinitis
3.
Aspergillosis
4.
Asthma
5.
Cancer
6.
Canine distemper
7.
Carbon monoxide poisoning
8.
CBPP (Contag. Bov. Pleuro Pneum)
9.
CCPP (
Con. Caprine Pleu. Pneum)
10.
Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD)
11.
Dermatitis
12.
Equine influenza
13.
Equine viral rhinopneumonitis
14.
Fluorosis
15.
Fowl cholera
16.
Hay fever
17.
Histoplasmosis
18.
Immuno
-
suppression
19.
Infectious bronchitis
20.
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
21.
Infectious Bursal Disease
22.
Marek's Disease
23.
New
c
astle Disease
24.
Papillomatosis
25.
Paramyxovirus type III infect ion
26.
Plumbism
27.
Q
-
fever
28.
Sever acute respiratory syndrome
29.
Sheep pox and Goat pox
30.
Swine influenza
31.
Tuberculosis
32.
Psittacosis
FOOD-BORN DISEASES
1.
Bacillary dysentery
2.
Brucellosis
3.
Cholera
4.
E. coli infection
5.
Diphtheria
6.
Q
-
fever
7.
Staphylococcal enterotoxic gastritis
8.
Streptococcal infections
9.
Tick
-
borne encephalitis
10.
Tuberculosis
11.
Typhoid fever
12.
Paratyphoid fever
DISEASES OF LIVESTOCK; Common Name & Causative Agent
A) VIRAL DISEASES
Name of Disease
Synonym
Causative Agent
Foot and Mouth Disease
FMD;
Apthous fever
Apthovirus, Picornavi
rid
ae
Rinderpest
Cattle plague; Bovine
Rinderpest virus of family

A
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PCS

&
OTHER
C
OMPREHENSIVE
E
XAMS
9
Compiled & Presented by:
M
UHAMMAD
S
AJJAD
H
USSAIN
typhus
Paramyxoviridae
Peste Des Pet
itis Ruminants
PPR; Pseudorinderpest,
Kata , Goat plague
Morbillivirus of family
Paramyxoviridae
Bovine Viral Diarrhea
BVD;
Mucosal disease
Pestivirus of
f
amily
Togaviridae
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
MCF; Catarrhal fever;
Gangrenous coryza
Gamma herpe
svirus
Blue Tongue
Sore mouth; Epizootic
catarrh; Pseudo FMD
Orbivirus of family
Reoviridae
Ves
i
c
ular Stomatitis
Mouth thrush; Sporadic
aptha; Estomatitis
VS virus of family
Rhabdoviridae
Ephemeral Fever
Three day sickness; Stiff
sickness
EF virus
of family
Rhabdoviridae
Infectious Bovine
Rhinotracheitis
IBR; Red nose; Necrotic
rhinitis
Bovine herpes virus
-
I
Pseudo rabies
Aujeszky's disease; Mad
itch
Herpes virus
Cow pox
Variola vaccina
Cow pox virus
Goat pox
Variola capra
Capri pox viru
s
Sheep pox
Ovine px; Variola ovina
Capri pox virus
Swine pox
Variola suilla; Contagious
impetigo
Sui pox virus
Horse pox
Variola equine; Contagious
pustular stomatitis
Equi pox virus
Pseudo cow pox
Milker's nodules; Ring sore
Para pox virus
Swine Fever
Hog cholera; Peste porcine
Togavirus
Vesicular Exanthema
--
Calicivirus
African Swine Fever
African pig disease; Wart
hog disease
Irido virus
Transmissible Gastroenteritis
T.G.E.
Corona virus
Japanese Encephalitis
--
Arbovirus of
family
Togaviridae
Contagious Ecthyma
Contagious pustular
dermatitis; ORF
; Scabby
mouth
ORF virus of family
Poxviridae
Maedi
Progressive interstitial
pneumonia
Lentivirus of family
Retroviridae
Pulmonary Adenomatosis
Jaagsiekte
Not yet defined
Bovin
e Leukosis
Bovine lymphosarcoma
Bovine leukemia virus of
family Retroviridae
Corona virus infection
CCV; Viral gastroenetritis
Corona virus
Equine Influenza
Equine distemper; Typhoid
fever; Pink eye
Myxovirus
Equine Infectious Anemia
EIA; Swamp f
ever
EIA virus; Lentivirus of
family Retroviridae
Pulmonary
Disease in Horse
Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD)
Multifactorial
Respiratory Disease Complex
Kennel cough
Borderella bronchoseptica

in Dog
Equine V
iral Rhinopneumonia
Rhinopne
umonitis; Equine
viral abortion
Equine herpes virus
-
I
Scrapie
Rida; Tremblante du
mouton
Prion
Louping ill
Ovine encephalomyelitis
Flavivirus of family
Togaviridae
Bovine Spongiform
Encephalopathy
BSE; Mad cow disease
Prion
Canine Distemper
Hard
pad disease; Canine
influenza
Canine distemper virus of
family Paramyxoviridae
Infectious Canine Hepatitis
Rubarth's disease;
Contagious hepatitis
Adenovirus I & II of family
adenoviridae
Rabies
Mad dog; Hydrophobia;
Jalatanka; Lyssa
Lyssa virus of
family
Rhabdoviridae
Rotavirus Diarrhea
-
-
Retavirus of family
Rotaviridae
Parvovirus Infection in Dog
--
Parvovirus of family
Parvoviridae
Feline Panleukopenia
Feline distemper; Feline
parvovirus; Feline ataxia
DNA virus
Respiratory Disease Complex
in Cat
Cat flu, FVR;
Feline
herpes virus
-
I
Feline Leukemia
Lymphosarcoma
Retrovirus
B) BACTERIAL DISEASES
Name of disease
Synonym
Causative Agent
Anthrax
Splenic fever; Charbon;
Wool sorter's disease
Bacillus anthracis
Hemorrhagic Septicemia
Pasteurellosis; Shipping
fever; Stockyard disease
Pasteurella multocida
Brucellosis
Bang's disease; Infectious
abortion; Enzootic abortion
[Link], B. melitensis,
B. suis, B. ovis, B. canis
Tuberculosis
Pearl's disease; Pthisis;
Scrofula
Mycobacter
ium spp.
Paratuberculosis
Johne's disease; Chronic
bacillary dysentery
Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis
Leptospirosis
Weil's disease; Stuttgart
disease; Rice field worker's
disease; Canine typhus
Leptospira spp.
([Link],
[Link],
[Link], L.h
ardjo)
Listeriosis
Circling disease; Silage
disease
Listeria monocytogenes
Colibacillosis
Calf scour; White disease;
C
alf septicemia
Eschericia coli
([Link])
Salmonellosis
Paratyphoid
S
.
typhimurium
, [Link]
Actinomycosis
Lumpy jaw
Actinomyces bo
vis
Actinobacillosis
Wooden tongue; Timber
Actinobacillus lignieresi

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&
OTHER
C
OMPREHENSIVE
E
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11
Compiled & Presented by:
M
UHAMMAD
S
AJJAD
H
USSAIN
tongue
; B
ig head
Dermatophylosis
Mycotic dermatitis;
Senekobo disease of cattle
,
Lumpy wool of sheep
Dermatophilus congolensis
Swine Erysipelas
Diamond skin disease
Erysipelas rh
usiopathiae
Compylobacteriosis
Vibriosis
Campylobacter foetus
Glanders
Farcy; Malleus; Morve;
Pacin; Carn
Pseudomonas mallei
Strangles
Equine distemper;
Infectious adenitis
Streptococcus equi
Exudate Epidermitis
Greasy pig disease
Staphylococcus
hyos
Impetigo
--
Staphylococcus aureus
Glasser's disease
Infectious polyarthritis
Haemophilus suis
Ulcerative Lymphangitis
Ulcerative cellulitis
;
Caseous lymphadenitis
Corynebacterium
pseudotube rculosis
Foot Rot
Infectious pododermatitis
Spherop
horus necrophorus
Infectious Kerato
Conjunctivitis
Pink eye; Infectious
keratitis
Moraxella bovis
Black Quarter
Black leg; Quarter ill;
Symptomatic anthrax
Clostridium chauvoei
Tetanus
Lock jaw
Clostridium tetani
Enterotoxemia
--
Clostridium
perf
ringens
Bacillary Hemoglobinurea
Red water disease;
Infectious hemoglobinuria
Clostridium hemolyticum
Botuslim
Limber neck; Loin disease
Clostridium
b
otulinum
Braxy
Brad sot
Clostridium septicum
Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis
Black disease
Clost
rid
i
um
novyi
Malignant Edema
--
Clostridium septicum
Joint Ill
Naval ill; Poly arthritis
;
Omphalitis
, Urachitis
Mixed etiological agents
([Link], Strepto, Staph,
Actino, Enterococcus)
Mastitis
Mammitis; Mammite
A no. of organisms involved
Lyme
Disease
--
Borrelia burgdorferi
Contagious Bovine
Pleuropneumonia
CBPP; Lung plague; Lung
sickness
Mycoplasma mycoides
var
mycoides
Contagious Caprine
Pleuropneumonia
CCPP; Pleuropneumonia
contagiosa
Mycoplasma mycoides
caprae
C) FUNGAL DISEASES
Name
of disease
Synonym
Causative Agent
Dermatophytosis
Ringworm;
Trichophyton verrucosum
Rhinosporidiosis
--
Rhinosporidia seeberi
Sporotrichosis
--
Sporotrichum schenckii
Nocardiosis
Bovine farcy; Mycotic
l
ymphangitis
Nocardia farcinicus
Aspergillo
sis
--
Aspergillus spp.
Aflatoxicosis
Myotoxicosis
Aspergillus flavus

Candidiasis
Moniliasis
Candida albicans
Phycomycosis
Mucormycosis
;
Zygomycosis
Mucorales spp.
D) PARASITIC DISEASES
Name of Disease
Synonym
Causative Agent
Amphistomiasis
Stom
ach fluke disease
Paramphistomum cervi
Schistosomiasis
Nasa
Sschistostoma bovis
Hepatic Fascioliasis
Liver fluke disease
Fasciola hepatica
Esophagostomosis
Nodule worm disease
E. radiatum, E. columbianum
Bovine Verminous Bronchitis
Verminous pneumoni
a
Dictyocaulus viviparous
Coenurosis
Gid; Sturdy
Ceonurus cerebralis
Echinococcosis
--
Echinococcus
granulosu
s
Hemonchosis
--
Hemonchus contortus
Ascariasis
--
A. vitulorum, A. canis
E)
PROTOZOAN & RICKETTSIAL DISEASE
Name of Disease
Synonym
Causativ
e Agent
Anaplasmosis
Gall Sickness
Anaplasma marginale
Ehrlichiosis
Canine rickettsiosis
Ehrlichia canis
Babesiosis
Tick fever; Texas fever;
Splenic fever; Red fever
B. bigemina, B. bovis,
[Link], B. cabalii
Theileriosis
East coast fever; Rhodesian
t
ick fever
Theileria parva, T. annulata,
[Link]
Trypanosomiasis
Surra
Trypanosoma evansi
Leishmaniasis
--
Leishmania donovani
Toxoplasmosis
--
Toxoplasma gondi
Cryptosporidiosis
--
Cryptosporidium parvum
DISEASES OF POULTRY; Common Na me & Causative Agent
Name of Disease
Synonym
Causative Agen
t
Marek's Disease
Range paralysis;
Neural
lymphomatosis
MD virus; Herpes virus
Newcastle Disease
Ranikhet disease; Avian
pneumoencephalitis
Paramyxovirus group I
Infectious Bronchitis
IB
IBV of fam
ily Coronaviridae
Avian Encephalomyelitis
AE; Epidemic tremor; New
England disease
Picornavirus of family
Picornaviridae
Fowl Plague
Avian influenza
AI virus of family
Orthomyxoviridae
Infectious Laryngotracheitis
ILT; Avian diphtheri a
ILT virus of
family
Herpesviridiae

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&
OTHER
C
OMPREHENSIVE
E
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13
Compiled & Presented by:
M
UHAMMAD
S
AJJAD
H
USSAIN
Avian Leukosis Complex
ALC; Avian sarcoma; Big
liver disease;
Rotavirus type C of
subfamily Oncovirinae
Infectious Bursal Disease
IBD; Gumboro disease
IBD virus of family
Birnaviridae
Avian Influenza
--
Influenza A virus of famil
y
Orthomyxoviridae
Chicken Infectious Anemia
CIA;
CIA virus of family
Circoviridae
Avian Collibacillosis
Colisepticemia;[Link]
infection
Escherichia coli
Avian Pasteurellosis
Fowl cholera;
Avian
cholera
Pasteurella multocida
Fowl Typhoid
Infectiou
s leukemia
Salmonella gallinarum
Fowl Paratyphoid
Avian salmonellosis
Salmonella typhimurium
Pullorum Disease
Bacillary white diarrhea
Salmonella pullorum
Chronic Respiratory Disease
MG infection
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Coccidiosis in Poultry
--
Eim
eria spp. (e.g. [Link])
INCUBATION PERIODS OF CO MMON DISEASES
Diseases
Range (Days)
Average (Days)
Anaplasmosis
17
-
48
30
Anthrax
5
-
10
7
Babesiosis
7
-
21
--
Black quarter
1
-
5
--
Brucellosis
21
-
180
60
-
120
Contagious ecthyma
5
-
8
--
Canine distem
per
3
-
7
4
Foot and Mouth Disease
2
-
10
3
Glanders
30
-
90
30
Hemorrhagic Septicemia
2
-
5
3
Influenza (equine)
3
-
10
4
Influenza (piglets)
2
-
7
--
Johne's disease
30
-
730
90
Leptospirosis
7
-
9
8
Malignant oedema
2
-
5
3
Pox (sheep, cow)
2
-
7
--
Pustular de
rmatitis
4
-
7
--
Rabies (
all animals)
9
-
450
30
-
90
Rinderpest
3
-
9
3
Strangles
3
-
8
--
Swine erysipelas
1
-
5
--
Tetanus
7
-
21
15
Trypanosomiasis
4
-
13
7
Tuberculosis
30
-
90
30
Vibriosis
20
-
60
35

ORIGIN OF ORGANS
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Epid
ermis, hair, nail and lens
All type of muscles
Pharynx epithelium
Epithelium of sensory
organs, enamel, mouth, and
anal canal
Blood, bone marrow
Larynx, Lungs
Nervous tissue
Lymphoid tissue,
Blood vessels
Body cavities
Kidney, Ureter
Gonads
Joi
nt cavities
Digestive tube
Bladder
Vagina
Urethra
CRANIAL NERVES
No.
Name
Type
1.
Olfactory
Sensory
2.
Optic
Sensory
3.
Occulomotor
Motor
4.
Trochlear
Motor
5.
Trigeminal
Mixed
6.
Abducens
Motor
7.
Facial
Mixed
8.
Glossophar
yngeal
Mixed
9.
Vagus
Mixed
10.
Spinal Access
o
ry
Motor
11.
Hypoglossal
Motor
TYPE OF BODY JOINTS
Sr.
Type of Joints
Example
1.
Ginglymus (hinge) joint
Fetlock joint
2.
Arthrodial (plane) joint
Joints between adjacent carpals a
3.
Troch
oid (pivot) joint
Atlanto
-
axial joint
4.
Enarthrodial(ball &
socket) joint
Coxo
-
femoral joi nt
5.
Suture joint
Skull bone joints
6.
Synsarcosis
Joints between scapula and bony thorax
7.
Syndesmoses
Joint of shaft of split bones & canon bone of hors
e
IMPORTANT JOINTS OF BODY
Name of Joint
Between the bone
Stifle joint
Femur and tibia
Hip joint
Pelvis and femur
Shoulder joint
Scapula and humerus
Elbow joint
Humerus and radius

A
K
EY
G
UIDE FOR
PCS

&
OTHER
C
OMPREHENSIVE
E
XAMS
15
Compiled & Presented by:
M
UHAMMAD
S
AJJAD
H
USSAIN
Fetlock joint
Metacarpus and proximal phalanx
Pastern j
oint
Proximal phalanx and middle phalanx
Coffin joint
Middle phalanx and distal phalanx
SYNONYMS OF BONES / PROCESSES
Real Name
Synonyms
Tuber coxae
Point of hip or hook bone
Tuber ischii
Pin bone
Metacarpal
Canon
First phalanx
Long pas
tern bone
Second phalanx
Short pastern bone
Third phalanx
Coffin bone
Oleocranon process
Point of elbow
SITE OF THORACOCENTESIS
Animal
Right (ICS)
Left (ICS)
Horse
6
th
7
th
Cattle and Sheep
5
th
6
th
Dog and Cat
6
th
7
th
LIVER BIOPSY
Animal
Site
Horse
Right dorsal half, 11
th
Œ
14
th
ICS
Cattle & Sheep
Upper third right side, 11
th
ICS
Dog, Cat, Pig
Last 2 ICS close to the costal arch
SITE FOR PULSE RECORDING
Horse
Lower jaw, where the external maxillary artery is continued
across the
face as facial artery.
Cattle
Coccygeal artery on either side of the under aspect of tail.
Sheep, Goat
,
Dog, Cat
Femoral artery inside the hind limb, more than the half way be tween stifle
and hip joint
Fowl
Wing artery on the inner aspec
t of the wing
SUTURE MATERIALS
Category
Example
Absorbable (organic)
Catgut, Fascia lata, Kanga
roo
tendon,
cargile
membrane,
Amniotic membrane, Polyglycolic acid (Dexon)
Non
-
absorbable
a)
Organic
b)
Inorganic
c)
Synthe
tic
Cotton, Silk, Silk warm gut, Ho
rse hair, Linen, Umbilical tape
Metallic, suture wire, steel wire, Wound clips, Pin suture.
Nylon, Terele ne, Vetafil, Polyester, Surgilene