CHOCOLATE AND ROSES
1. Watch the film and answer the questions:
[Link]
a. Why do roses have different colours?
b. How is it possible that inside a chocolate in a solid state there is some liquid filling?
c. What do chemistry and real life have in common?
2. Decide if the statements ale true (T), false (F) or we don't know (DK):
a. Boiling point for liquid nitrogen is -196 degrees.
b. Chocolate melts very well in your hands.
c. When people would like to make a perfume they should collect fragrance from
roses only in the morning.
d. The colour of roses is connected with the strength of double bonds between two
oxygen atoms.
e. Molecules of smell are very complicated.
3. Complete the gaps in the sentences:
a. The molecule of sugar consists of two .......................... drawn together by
an .......................... atom in the middle.
b. The fragrance molecules are very .......................... .
c. They extracted the smell using .......................... a light form of petrol.
d. Carbon atoms can be linked by a .......................... between two carbon atoms, but
sometimes you have a .......................... and occasionally you have a ...........................
The line of the double bonds .......................... to colour.
e. Chocolate contains the compound .......................... very similar to caffeine. It is
a .......................... and it is forbidden for ........................... .
f. When we take out the rose it breaks into little pieces because the water in
the .......................... and .......................... has frozen.
STUDENT A
Read the article and ask Student B questions to complete the gaps in your
text. Then answer Student B's questions.
THEOBROMINE CHEMISTRY[3]
This is the two-dimensional molecular structure of theobromine, a naturally-occurring
alkaloid that is similar to caffeine. Theobromine is also known as 1. .......................... .
Theobromine belongs to a class of alkaloid molecules known as methylxanthines.
Methylxanthines naturally occur in as many as 2. .......................... different plant
species and include caffeine (the primary methlyxanthine in coffee) and theophylline
(the primary methylxanthine in tea). Theobromine is the primary methylxanthine
found in products of the 3........................... tree (...).
Theobromine affects humans similarly to caffeine, but on a much 4. ..........................
scale. Theobromine is mildly diuretic (increases urine production), is a mild stimulant,
and relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs. In the human body,
theobromine levels are halved between 5. .......................... hours after consumption.
Theobromine has been used as a drug for its diuretic effect, particularly in cases
where cardiac failure has resulted in an accumulation of body fluid.(...).
Cocoa and chocolate products may be toxic or lethal to dogs and other domestic
animals such as horses because these animals metabolize theobromine more slowly
than humans. The heart, central nervous system, and kidneys are affected. Early
signs of theobromine poisoning in dogs include nausea and vomiting, restlessness,
diarrhea, muscle tremors, and increased urination or incontinence. The treatment at
this stage is to induce vomiting. (...)
Different types of chocolate contain different amounts of theobromine. In general,
theobromine levels are higher in dark chocolates (approximately 10 g/kg) than in milk
chocolates (1-5 g/kg). Higher quality chocolate tends to contain more theobromine
than lower quality chocolate. Cocoa beans naturally contain approximately 300-1200
mg/ounce theobromine (note how variable this is!).
STUDENT B
Read the article and answer Student A's questions. Then ask Student A
questions to complete the gaps in your text.
THEOBROMINE CHEMISTRY[3]
This is the two-dimensional molecular structure of theobromine, a naturally-occurring
alkaloid that is similar to caffeine. Theobromine is also known as xantheose.
Theobromine belongs to a class of alkaloid molecules known as methylxanthines.
Methylxanthines naturally occur in as many as sixty different plant species and
include caffeine (the primary methlyxanthine in coffee) and theophylline (the primary
methylxanthine in tea). Theobromine is the primary methylxanthine found in products
of the cocoa tree, theobroma cacao.
Theobromine affects humans similarly to caffeine, but on a much smaller scale.
Theobromine is mildly diuretic (increases urine production), is a mild stimulant, and
relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs. In the human body,
theobromine levels are halved between 6-10 hours after consumption.
Theobromine has been used as a 6. .......................... for its diuretic effect, particularly
in cases where cardiac failure has resulted in an accumulation of body fluid. (...).
Cocoa and chocolate products may be 7. .......................... to dogs and other domestic
animals such as horses because these animals metabolize theobromine more slowly
than humans. The heart, central nervous system, and kidneys are affected. Early
signs of theobromine poisoning in dogs include nausea and vomiting, restlessness,
diarrhea, muscle tremors, and increased urination or incontinence. The treatment at
this stage is to 8. .......................... (...)
Different types of chocolate contain different amounts of theobromine. In general,
theobromine levels are higher in 9. .......................... (approximately 10 g/kg) than in
milk chocolates (1-5 g/kg). Higher quality chocolate tends to contain more
theobromine than lower quality chocolate. Cocoa beans naturally contain
approximately 10. .......................... mg/ounce theobromine (note how variable this
is!).