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Launching Apron Design in Irrigation

The document discusses the design and construction of filters and launching aprons in irrigation and water power engineering. It outlines the materials and dimensions required for effective filtration and protection against flood scouring, including specific slope ratios for various river bed materials. Additionally, it provides calculations for the thickness of launching aprons based on their length and slope in both horizontal and launched positions.

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29 views2 pages

Launching Apron Design in Irrigation

The document discusses the design and construction of filters and launching aprons in irrigation and water power engineering. It outlines the materials and dimensions required for effective filtration and protection against flood scouring, including specific slope ratios for various river bed materials. Additionally, it provides calculations for the thickness of launching aprons based on their length and slope in both horizontal and launched positions.

Uploaded by

emounikalucky
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

IRRIGATION AND WATER POWER ENGINEERING

the top and finer material (slightly coarser than the base material) at the bottom,
as shown in Fig. 12.20 (c). In order that thick filter is not washed away during floods,
heavy stones or concrete blocks, with open joints, are placed on the top of the inverted
filter. The open joints are filled with bajri (clean sand) so that upward flowing water
can easily come out, thus dissipating the entire uplift pressure. The length of the filter
is taken equal to 1.5 d2. The filter unit may be protected at the end by toe wall extending
upto 0.5 m below the bottom of the filter.
4. Launching aprons at downstream and upstream ends
At the end of d/s filter or u/s block protection, launching aprons of loose boulder
or stones (of size + 300 mm and weighting + 40 kg) or precast cement concrete
blocks are provided to protect against the scour holes formed during high floods. The
length of down stream launching apron is kept between 1.5 d₂ to 2.5 d 2 the higher
value being adopted for flatter launched slopes. The slope of the launched apron depend
on the grade and size of river bed material, as indicated in Table below.
TABLE 12.11. SLOPES OF LAUNCHED APRONS
S.N.
River bed material
1.
River in alluvium sandy reach
2
River in very fine sand and sixty bed
3.
River in boulder reach
Slope (n)
Not steeper than 2:1
Not flatter than 3:1
Upto 1.5:1
Generally, for sloping glacis weirs, where energy dissipation is more efficient due
to formation of hydraulic jump, the d/s launching apron length is taken equal to 1.5 d 2
and its launched slope is taken equal to 2:1. However for vertical drop weirs, the
length of d/s launching apron is taken equal to 2.5 d 2 and its launched slope is taken
equal to 3:1.
Similarly, the length of u/s launching apron is kept equal to 1.5 d 1 to 2d1 the
higher value being adopted for flatter launched slope. Generally, the length of us launching
apron of sloping glacis weir is taken equal to 1.5 d 1 with a steeper launched slope
of 2:1. For vertical drop weirs, this length is taken equal to 2 d 1 with launched slope
of 3:1.
According to Spring, the quantity of stone in launching apron should be sufficient
to provide about 1 m thick cover over the launched slope of n:1 in the launched
position.
Thus, if n = 3 and length of apron is 2.5 d 2 the length of dis apron in the launched
position will be equal to V10 d2 and the volume of stones in launched position will
be equal to (√ 10 d2 x 1) m3 per metre length. Hence the thickness of apron in the
horizontal position will be equal to √10 d 2/2.5 d2 ~= 1.27 m in horizontal position. Similarly,
if the length of d/s launching apron is 1.5 d 2 and n=2, the length of d/s apron in
launched position will be equal to √5 d 2 and the volume of stones in launched position
will be equal to (√5 d2 x 1) m³ per metre length. Hence the thickness of the apron
in the horizontal position will be equal to (V5 d)/1.6 d 2 = 1.49 m in horizontal position.
Similar computations for thickness can be made for upstream launching apron.

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