ELEC 361 Short TL max power calculations – Worked examples
Q1. A short lossless transmission line has series impedance of 60 /phase.
Calculate the maximum power that can be delivered to a unity power factor load at 138 kV
with 6% voltage regulation (VS = 1.06 VR). Complete the following stages to arrive at your
solution.
(a) Express the line impedance in polar form and calculate the phase values of the
receiving-end and sending-end voltages.
138kV
VR ( LN ) = = 79.674kV
3
VS ( LN ) = 1.06 x 79.674kV = 84.455kV
(b) Draw and label the phase equivalent circuit of this line.
R XL IL
VR(LN) upf
VS(LN)
load
(c) Draw a phasor diagram, clearly showing the relationship between the phase values of
the sending-end, receiving-end and the line drop voltage when the line is transferring
maximum power to a upf (resistive) load.
Constant VS =1.06VR curve
VS(LN)
IZ
90o
I VR(LN)
(d) Calculate the series line voltage drop for maximum power transfer
Applying Pythagoras above gives
IZ = (84.455kV )2 − (79.674kV )2 = 28.013kV
(e) Calculate the load current for maximum power transfer (at 6% Vreg)
IZ 28 .013 kV
I = = = 466 .875 A
Z 60
(f) Calculate the maximum power that can be transferred by the line to a upf load.
Pmax = 3VR( LN ) I = 3(79.674kV )(466.875A) = 111.594MW
(g) Calculate the sending-end voltage and % voltage regulation when the line is
delivering the power calculated in part (f), but at 0.95 pf lagging.
111.594MW
S L. = = 117.467MVA
0.95
117.467MVA
IL = = 491.448 A
3 x138kV
I L = 491.448 − cos −1 0.95 A = 491.448 − 18.195o A
VS ( LN ) = 79.6740 o kV + (491.448 − 18.195o A)( j 60) = 93.19117.49 o kV
93.191kV − 79.674kV
%Vreg = x100% = 16.97%
79.674kV
Q2. A short transmission line has series impedance of 10 + j50 /phase.
Calculate the maximum power that can be delivered to a unity power factor load at 230 kV
with 5% voltage regulation (VS = 1.05 VR). Complete the following stages to arrive at your
solution.
(a) Express the line impedance in polar form and calculate the phase values of the
receiving-end and sending-end voltages.
230kV
VR ( LN ) = = 132.79kV
3
VS ( LN ) = 1.05 x 132.79kV = 139.43kV
(b) Draw and label the phase equivalent circuit of this line.
R XL IL
VR(LN) upf
VS(LN)
load
(c) Draw a phasor diagram, clearly showing the relationship between the phase values of
the sending-end, receiving-end and the line drop voltage when the line is transferring
maximum power to a upf (resistive) load.
Constant VS =1.05VR curve
VS(LN)
IZ
180o-
I VR(LN)
(d) Calculate the series line voltage drop for maximum power transfer
Applying the Sine Rule to the phasor diagram above gives
VS ( LN ) VR ( LN ) IZ
= =
sin( 180 − )o
sin( ) sin( )
VR ( LN ) 1
sin( ) = sin( 180 o − 78.69 o ) = sin( 101.39 o )
VS ( LN ) 1.05
= sin −1 (0.9339) = 69.05o
= 180 o − (180 o − 78.69 o ) = 9.64 o
sin( ) sin( 9.64 o )
IZ = VR ( LN ) = 139.43kV = 25kV
sin( ) sin( 69.05 o )
Note: The Cosine Rule could also be used to find IZ
(e) Calculate the load current for maximum power transfer (at 5% Vreg)
IZ 25 kV
I = = = 490 .3 A
Z 50 .99
(f) Calculate the maximum power that can be transferred by the line to a upf load.
Pmax = 3VR( LN ) I = 3(139.43kV )(490.3 A) = 205.1MW
(g) Calculate the sending-end voltage and % voltage regulation when the line is
delivering the power calculated in part (f), but at 0.95 pf lagging.
205.1MW
S L. = = 215.89MVA
0.95
215.89MVA
IL = = 541.93 A
3 x 230kV
I L = 541.93 − cos −1 0.95 A = 541.93 − 18.195o A
VS ( LN ) = 132.7930 o kV + (541.93 − 18.195o A)(10 + j 50) = 148.369.33o kV
148.36kV − 132.793kV
%Vreg = x100% = 11.72%
132.792kV