PROJECT REPORT

Regarding

“SOLAR INSECT TRAPPER”

Submitted
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the awards of the
DIPLOMA IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
[Link] TAKE-2019-02
[Link] TAKE-2019-04
[Link] TAKE-2019-08
[Link] TAKE-2019-09
[Link] TAKE-2019-15
[Link] Prasad TAKE-2019-17

Under the guidance of

Er. G. Shravani
Teaching Associate
RPAE, Turukala khanaphur (V), Sangareddy (D).
Submitted to

RATNAPURI POLYTECHNIC OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

TURUKALA KHANAPHUR, SANGAREDDY.

PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL

UNIVERSITY

1
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that A. Chandu (TAKE-2019-02), A. Swetha (TAKE-2019-04), B. Ajay (TAKE-

2019-08), D. Shivani (TAKE-2029-09), K. Ashwini (TAKE-2019-15), L. Hariprasad (TAKE-2019-
17) DIPLOMA (Agricultural Engineering) students of Ratnapuri Polytechnic of Agricultural Engineering
Thurukala khanaphur, Sangareddy, Professor Jayashankar Telangana state Agricultural University, have
successfully completed their project on “SOLAR INSECT TRAPPER” at Ratnapuri Polytechnic of
Agricultural Engineering, Turukala khanapur, Sangareddy. The duration of the project was from 2021 to
2022.

Er. G. Shravani Er. Praveen Jha

Teaching associate, Vice Principal,

Dept of Agriculture processing, RPAE,

RPAE, Sangareddy. Sangareddy.

Dr. Col. Prof. VRR. Datla

Director,
Ratnapuri institutions,
Turukalakhanapur, Sangareddy

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 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “SOLAR INSECT TRAPPER”, submitted to the
Ratnapuri Polytechnic of Agriculture Engineering, Turukala Khanaphur, Sangareddy, affiliated to
PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, for the
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the diploma in Agriculture Engineering, is the result of original
work done by us. We also declare that no material contained in this thesis has been published earlier in
any manner.

[Link] (TAKE-2019-02)
[Link] (TKAE-2019-04)
[Link] (TAKE-2019-08)
D. SHIVANI (TAKE-2019-09)
K. ASHWINI (TAKE-2019-15)
L. HARIPRASAD (TKAE-2019-17)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our gratitude towards several individuals and our college, for supporting us in
making of this project.
First, we would like to thank Mr. L. DEVAIAH for giving us this uncomplimentary and fabulous project
idea. He has helped us in working on this project. We are tremendously thankful to him for His immense
knowledge, patience and adorable ideas. Without his support and guidance, this project would not have
been possible.
We are also like to show our gratitude towards our guide, Er. G. SHRAVANI, faculty of Agricultural
engineering, RPAE. For supporting us in project analysis, improving of ideas and suggestions about
project.
We express our gratitude for the one who always support us in all the circumstances and also in project,
Er. PRAVEEN JHA, vice principal (Agricultural engineering), RPAE.
We feel grateful to thank Dr. [Link], Principal of (RPAE) Ratnapuri Polytechnic of
Agricultural Engineering. For his supportiveness towards our project.
We also thankful to all other faculty for suggesting us directly or indirectly towards our project and also
very grateful to thank our friends and family for encouraging us to do all this.
Thanks for all your reassurance!

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 ABSTRACT
Agriculture is the main occupation for all over the world. Farmers encounter the problems of various
types of insect pests that harm crops and result in loss of productivity each year. To overcome these type
of problems, we developed a solar insect trapper. Solar insect trapper is a solar energy based insect
trapper can trap many pests and helps farmer to cultivate more quality and quantity of crops since farmers
faces the problems of various types of pests that harm crops right from sowing till the crop harvested.
This project uses UV LEDs were safer than using ordinary fluorescent lamps. Moreover India is tropical
country. Solar power is a readily available and also it requires less maintenance. The device seems
promising to farmers since it has been capturing adults of many pests, borers and flies there by reducing
the dependence on bio pesticide usage to the tune of 50%. It is necessary for farmers to use pesticides to
prevent crop damage.
However, when pesticides are used in large quantity, they cause adverse impacts on people, animals and
the environment. Here we are using 14.8 volts battery as power supply to light emitting diode tube. The
battery charging system derives electrical energy from 10 watts of solar cell for use at night. This
proposed Solar Energy-Based Insect Pests Trap has an automatic control system to lure insect pests when
there is no sunlight and the system will be stop when the sun shines.
Insect control is the biggest challenge in agriculture. It is a common practice to use a deadly chemical
pesticide to protect the crop from pest damage. There are many side effects of using a chemical. Use of
more pesticide results in financial burden to the farmers.
Moreover, the food becomes contaminated. In organic and integrated farming by using environment
friendly solar powered insect trap, pest can be brought under control effectively. Solar trap is very simple
in construction and use. On the three-legged stand, the solar lamp strips are mounted powered by battery.

5
 LIST OF CONTENT

[Link] CONTENT PG NO

1. INTRODUCTION 07

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 10

3. METHODOLOGY 11

4. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 14

5. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR INSECT 20

TRAPPER

6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 25

7. CONCLUSION 28

8. REFERENCES 29

6
01. INTRODUCTION:
Agriculture in India increased its yields due to improved agronomic technology by introduction of high-
yielding varieties of seeds (hybrid) , increased use of chemical fertilizers and irrigation led to the increase
in production needed to make the country self-sufficient in food grains. The methods adopted included
the use of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds with modern farming methods. Due to the rise in use
of chemical pesticides and fertilizers there were negative effects on the soil and land. The defined
integrated pest management is a plan that should be based on prevention, monitoring, and control which
offers the opportunity to eliminate or drastically reduce the use of pesticides, to minimize the toxicity and
exposure to any products which are used. IPM does this by utilizing a variety of methods and techniques,
including cultural, biological and structural strategies to control a multitude of pest problems.
Different types of methods like biological, plant resistance, cultural, mechanical and physical methods,
legal control, chemical control, integrated pest management (IPM) and natural or organic farming are
used to reduce the damage from insect pests. Traditionally, survey of damage estimation, insect
population study and sweeping, poison bait, pheromone trap and light trap (electrical) mostly used to
monitor and protect the crop from insect pests. These techniques are time consuming, costly and
sometimes unsafe for environment. The available light traps are commonly designed based on the power
sources like fossil fuel (gas and oil) and electricity. The drawback is that the fossil fuels are limited and
electrical light trap is not possible to set in all rural agricultural fields due to electricity facilities. The
supply of electricity in entire agricultural fields is the main challenge task. The alternative power sources
(e.g. solar and wind) need to introduce which play a vital role in this aspect. Solar light trap is considered
one of the suitable tool to control the insect populations without any use of pesticides. In regions, where
power is not accessible, solar cell create solar energy directly from sunlight. The solar light trap didn’t
depends on any other power source which is makes the light trap more acceptable than the other type light
trap.
This project aims at design and fabrication of solar insect light trap at affordable cost using renewable
source of energy from the sun (Solar Energy). Agriculture is a principle occupation in our country. Every
year farmer faces pest problems which seriously destroy cropsMechanical method
Chemical method which involves using pesticides is an effective method of controlling the pests. But it
has got many disadvantages. Some of the disadvantages are follows:
 Pesticides are potentially harmful pollutants of air, soil and water.
 Pests develop resistance against kind of pesticide over the period which leads to use of more and
more pesticides.
 The residues of pesticides are left over the food crops. The chemicals are added upon by these
pesticides in the food causing health issues in humans and animals.
 Affects the health of consumer and who comes in contact with the pesticides.
Green revolution technologies have now been widely adopted and the process of diminishing returns to
additional input usage has set in. At present, different schemes on green revolution technology in different
crops are successfully going on in the different states of India, and recently a special drive has taken up in
the states of the eastern region of India. Concurrently, agricultural production continues to be constrained
by a number of biotic and abiotic factors. For instance, insect pests, diseases and weeds cause
considerable damage to potential agricultural production. Evidences indicate that pests cause 25 percent
loss in rice, 5-10 percent in wheat, 30 percent in pulses, 35 percent in oilseeds, 20 percent in sugarcane
and 50 percent in cotton. The losses though cannot be eliminated altogether, these can be reduced. The
declining trend in pesticide use in agriculture during the 1990s can be attributed to central government’s
fiscal policy and technological developments in pest management. During 1990s, taxes were raised on

7
pesticides and phasing out of subsidies was initiated. Programs on training of both the extension workers
and farmers in the IPM were started throughout the country.
There are a number of IPM practices that work best when applied by the entire community and in a
synchronized mode. This is unlikely to happen without demonstrating benefits of group approach, and
external motivation and support to the farmers. Though many technology programs are based on
community approach, they do not have any proper exit policy to sustain the group approach. Hence the
old concept of proper monitoring ofinsect pests at the early stage of pest attack and control of those pests
at early stage becomes most important. For proper monitoring and control at the early stages of pest
attack, different types of techniques are adopted i.e. survey through damage estimation, sweeping and
pest population study, use of traps, etc. Among several types of traps, pheromone trap, light trap, poison
bait, alternate hosts are commonly used in the field of agriculture.
At present, the consumers emphasize is on safe and organic food. By considering this problem of
reducing the usage of pesticides. Present research project is mainly based on development and use of solar
light insect trap in the field of agriculture which may be well adopted by the farmer due to its several field
advantages and low-cost involvement.

01.1. SOLAR ENERGY:

Solar energy, radiation from the Sun capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or
generating electricity. The total amount of solar energy incident on Earth is vastly in excess of the world’s
current and anticipated energy requirements. If suitably harnessed, this highly diffused source has the
potential to satisfy all future energy needs. In the 21st century solar energy is expected to become
increasingly attractive as a renewable energy source because of its inexhaustible supply and its
nonpolluting character, in stark contrast to the finite fossil fuels coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

The Sun is an extremely powerful energy source, and sunlight is by far the largest source of energy
received by Earth, but its intensity at Earth’s surface is actually quite low. This is essentially because of
the enormous radial spreading of radiation from the distant Sun. A relatively minor additional loss is due
to Earth’s atmosphere and clouds, which absorb or scatter as much as 54 percent of the incoming sunlight.
The sunlight that reaches the ground consists of nearly 50 percent visible light, 45 percent infrared
radiation, and smaller amounts of ultraviolet and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.

The potential for solar energy is enormous, since about 200,000 times the world’s total daily electric-
generating capacity is received by Earth every day in the form of solar energy. Unfortunately, though
solar energy itself is free, the high cost of its collection, conversion, and storage still limits its exploitation
in many places. Solar radiation can be converted either into thermal energy (heat) or into electrical
energy, though the former is easier to accomplish.

8
01. 2. ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY

 100% inexhaustible energy, which is renewable and free;

 No toxic or polluting emissions into the air;
 Reduces the use of fossil fuels;
 Increasingly competitive energy source;
 Reduces the need to rely on the electricity grid or natural gas;
 Subsidies for self-supply;
 Key measure against climate change;
 Generates wealth and local employment.
 Diverse Application
 Low maintenance costs
 Technology Development
 Solar panel can provide you with power for up to 30years
 Creation of Job opportunity
 Improves Grid security, it less vulnerable to blackouts

01.3. DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY

 Requires sunny weather to work best

 Low energy conversion rate
 Solar panels are fixed at their installed location
 Disposal of old solar panels can be harmful to the environment

9
02. REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Hafijur Rahaman is working as Scientific Officer in Workshop Machinery and Maintenance (WMM)
Division at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh. He received his Master of Science in Farm
Power and Machinery of Bangladesh Agriculture University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh, in 2018.
At the same university, he completed his BSc in Agricultural Engineering in 2013. His research interests
include machinery design and drawing, small farm machinery testing and renewable energy. He has
published over 4 scientific papers in a national and international journal.
Dr. Md Panna Ali, Senior Scientific Officer (SSO), Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute (BRRI) working on insect pest management in rice. He did his PhD research on molecular
biology at Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan. He has 15-year experience on insect pest management
research in rice. He published 53 scientific papers and three book chapters. Currently he is working on
different tools to integrate and develop sustainable management of rice insect pest.
Subrata Paul is a researcher at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh. He has
achieved Master of Engineering (M Engg.) in Environmental Engineering from Bangladesh University of
Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh and BSc in Agricultural Engineering from
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. He is a senior research scientist in Bangladesh Rice
Research Institute, Bangladesh, where he led the agricultural mechanization, postharvest technology and
renewable energy utilization. He has more than 12 years' experience in research and development work
on agricultural engineering technology. He has published 22+ papers since 2012.
Md Golam Kibria Bhuiyan is working in Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) since 2001, and
currently he holds the position as Senior Scientific Officer at Farm Machinery and Postharvest
Technology Division of BRRI. He obtained his B Sc. and MS in Agricultural Engineering from
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. He also completed PhD from the same
university in Farm Power and Machinery. His interests on design, development and adaptation of
appropriate agricultural machinery for various operations of rice cultivation, postharvest processing, grain
storage and rice by-product. He has published 35 more research papers in a national and international
journal.
Md. Mizanur Rahman is currently working as a Scientific Officer in Farm Machinery and Postharvest
Technology (FMPHT) Division at Bangladesh Rice Search Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, Bangladesh. He
completed his Masters of Engineering in Remote Sensing & GIS in 2020 at Asian Institute of Technology
(AIT), Thailand. In 2015, he also did his Master of Science in Farm Power and Machinery (FPM) at
Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensigh, Bangladesh. He completed his BSc in
Agricultural Engineering from BAU in 2013. His research areas of interests include Remote Sensing and
GIS, planning and execution of small farm machinery, design and development, postharvest processing,
grain storage, renewable energy. He has published 8 plus scientific research works in a national and
international journal.

10
03. METHODOLOGY:
 Problem Identification/Concept
 Literature Survey
 Problem Definition
 Design and Fabrication
 Real time Testing/ Results
 Optimization

Methodology which mainly include few steps which we have come across to develop the prototype of the
component. The first main thing is identifying the problem by understanding the current situation. The
main problem is use of insecticides and pesticides to avoid insects and pest that are damaging the crops.
But by using these we are prone to harmful effects that are faced by human beings as well as
environment. These insecticides are expensive and the yield of the crop reduces gradually and causing
environmental impact such as air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution. so to eliminate some of
these problems and to find an alternative use to avoid these insects and pest the next step is to search and
collect information whether there is any substitute are available to control the insect. Based on extensive
literature survey of modern methods and equipment’s that are used and tested for solar insect trap,
automating emptying of the dead insects from the basin and refilling the basin with water has not been
studied before. This motivated us to carry the research on solar trap with additional unique features such
as emptying the basin using motor and refilling the basin with water.
Once the problem is defined the Computed aided design modelling is done according to the dimensions
and calculations. After procuring the components of the equipment the fabrication and assembly f the
same is completed.
Last and important phase of the work is real time testing and optimizing. Completed and working model
is tested by installing in the crop fields and optimized.
The Solar light insect pest trap research is an experimental research. The purpose is, to produce and
invent Solar Energy-Based Insect Pest Trap by using ultraviolet LED bulbs as light source. The
ultraviolet is effective wavelength to tempt insects. Solar cells are used to change solar energy to electric
energy and change to battery for pest trap. After that, bring the trap to test the effectiveness and results of
pest trap in agricultural fields.

11
03. [Link] Operations included:
 Marking & Measuring
 Cutting
 Boring
 Welding
 Fitting
 Painting
Marking & Measuring: A device used to ascertain the size and amount of degree of something.
Cutting: Cutting is the operation done after measuring the object. It is done by the cutter machine as
required measurements.

.
Boring: It is the operation of making holes on the iron rods as per marked for fitting the nuts and bolts for
proper arrangements.

12
Welding: Metal parts join together by heating the surface to the point of melting with a electrode. Many
welding processes are accomplished by heat alone, some others are with only pressure.

Fitting: The process of cutting and shaping parts on a custom, craft-production basis to cause them to fit
together into an assembly with the proper engineering fit.

13
Painting: Paints are coatings of fluid materials which are applied as a final finish to surfaces of metals
etc.... for preventing rust formations on metals.

04. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT:

Table -1: Materials used
[Link] COMPONENTS

1. Stand /support table

2. Solar panel

3. Battery

4. UV light

5. Pest basin

6. Nuts and bolts

7. Sensor

8. ON/OFF Switch

14
i) STAND /SUPPORT:

Fig:-Stand

Metal rods are specially formed pieces of metal and alloy that are shaped into a rod-like aesthetic hence
the name. Metal rods are commonly used to give added support to a range of applications such as
masonry structures.
ii) SOLAR PANEL

Solar panels are devices that convert light into electricity. They are called "solar" panels because most of
the time, the most powerful source of light available is the Sun, called Sol by astronomers. Some
scientists call them photovoltaic which means, basically, "light-electricity."

A solar panel is a collection of solar cells. Lots of small solar cells spread over a large area can work
together to provide enough power to be [Link] more light that hits a cell, the more electricity it
produces, so spacecraft are usually designed with solar panels that can always be pointed at the Sun even
as the rest of the body of the spacecraft moves around, much as a tank turret can be aimed independently
of where the tank is going.

Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from the Sun to generate electricity through
the photovoltaic effect. Most modules use water-based crystalline silicon cells or thin-film cells. The
structural (load carrying) member of a module can be either the top layer or the back layer. Cells must be
protected from mechanical damage and moisture. Most modules are rigid, but semi-flexible ones based on
thin-film cells are also available. The cells are usually connected electrically in series, one to another to
the desired voltage, and then in parallel to increase current. The power (in watts) of the module is the

15
mathematical product of the voltage (in volts) and the current (in amperes) of the module. The
manufacturing specifications on solar panels are obtained under standard condition, which is not the real
operating condition the solar panels are exposed to on the installation site.

A PV junction box is attached to the back of the solar panel and functions as its output interface. External
connections for most photovoltaic modules use MC4 connectors to facilitate easy weatherproof
connections to the rest of the system. A USB power interface can also be used.
Solar panels also use metal frames consisting of racking components, brackets, reflector shapes, and
troughs to better support the panel structure.

Fig:-Solar panel
iii) INVERTERS
In general with solar panels, if not enough current is taken from PVs, then power isn't maximised. If too
much current is taken then the voltage collapses. The optimum current draw depends on the amount of
sunlight striking the panel. Solar panel capacity is specified by the MPP (maximum power point) value of
solar panels in full sunlight.

 Solar inverters convert the DC power to AC power by performing the process of maximum power
point tracking (MPPT): solar inverter samples the output Power (I-V curve) from the solar cell and
applies the proper resistance (load) to solar cells to obtain maximum power.
 MPP (Maximum power point) of the solar panel consists of MPP voltage (V MPP) and MPP current
(I MPP): it is a capacity of the solar panel and the higher value can make higher MPP.
 The inverter may be built as standalone equipment for applications such as solar power, or to work as
a backup power supply from batteries which are charged separately.
Micro-inverted solar panels are wired in parallel, which produces more output than normal panels wired
in series, with the output of the series determined by the lowest performing panel. This is known as the
"Christmas light effect". Micro-inverters work independently to enable each panel to contribute its
maximum possible output for a given amount of sunlight.
Working Principle of Inverter
The basics function of inverter is to convert DC power into AC power, while at the same time regulating
the voltage, current and frequency of the signal. Basically, Inverter is a kind of oscillator. Transistors are
the key components of inverter, which convert DC power into AC power.

16
Applications
Inverters are used for a variety of applications that range from small car adapters to household or office
applications, and large grid systems.

 Uninterruptible power supplies

 As standalone inverters
 In solar power systems
 As a building block of a switched mode power supply Inverter

Fig:-Inverter
iv) BATTERY
Solar batteries are used to store solar energy (solar electricity) and discharge power as and when needed.
Rechargeable solar batteries are used in off-grid PV systems to store excess electricity. Some solar battery
banks use wet cells, while others use sealed or gel cell batteries. Each of these batteries have different
temperature, mounting, and ventilation requirements.
NIMH (Nickel Metal Hydride Battery) batteries are preferred and most common when it comes to solar
energy because they are better than standard NICAD (Nickel Cadmium battery) batteries in terms of
charging and release cycles.

Fig:-Battery

How Solar Battery Works

The Solar system generates DC electricity. This DC electricity is converted to AC electricity by using
Charge Controller and Solar Inverter. The battery stores this AC electricity to be used at night or when
there is no sun light.

17
v) UV LIGHT

Ultraviolet (UV) is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength from 10 nm (with a

corresponding frequency around 30 PHz) to 400 nm (750 THz), shorter than that of visible light, but
longer than X-rays. UV radiation is present in sunlight, and constitutes about 10% of the total
electromagnetic radiation output from the Sun. It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights,
such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights. Although long-wavelength ultraviolet is
not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, it can
cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce. Consequently, the chemical
and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of
UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules.
Ultraviolet rays are invisible to most humans. The lens of the human eye blocks most radiation in the
wavelength range of 300–400 nm; shorter wavelengths are blocked by the cornea. Humans also lack color
receptor adaptations for ultraviolet rays. Nevertheless, the photoreceptors of the retina are sensitive to
near-UV, and people lacking a lens (a condition known as aphakia) perceive near-UV as whitish-blue or
whitish-violet. Under some conditions, children and young adults can see ultraviolet down to wavelengths
around 310 nm. Near-UV radiation is visible to insects, some mammals, and some birds. Birds have a
fourth color receptor for ultraviolet rays; this, coupled with eye structures that transmit more UV gives
smaller birds "true" UV vision.

vi) PEST BASIN

Plastic basins are designed using best quality plastic and are very eco friendly. The exceptional design
enables stacking of numerous layers and provide holding potency and durability. These basins are perfect
for storing water and are demanded in household and commercial sectors. Pest basin is manufactured with
plastic material. Pest basin is used to collect the insects by filling water in it. Water should be contained
with surf or shampoo.
18
vii) NUTS AND BOLTS

A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used in conjunction with a
mating bolt to fasten multiple parts together. The two partners are kept together by a combination of their
threads' friction (with slight elastic deformation), a slight stretching of the bolt, and compression of the
parts to be held together.
Square nuts, as well as bolt heads, were the first shape made and used to be the most common largely
because they were much easier to manufacture, especially by hand. While rare today due to the reasons
stated below for the preference of hexagonal nuts, they are occasionally used in some situations when a
maximum amount of torque and grip is needed for a given size: the greater length of each side allows a
spanner to be applied with a larger surface area and more leverage at the nut.
The most common shape today is hexagonal, for similar reasons as the bolt head: six sides give a good
granularity of angles for a tool to approach from (good in tight spots), but more (and smaller) corners
would be vulnerable to being rounded off. It takes only one sixth of a rotation to obtain the next side of
the hexagon and grip is optimal. However, polygons with more than six sides do not give the requisite
grip and polygons with fewer than six sides take more time to be given a complete rotation. Other
specialized shapes exist for certain needs, such as wingnuts for finger adjustment and captive nuts
(e.g. cage nuts) for inaccessible areas.
viii) SENSOR
The sensor is designed to absorb solar radiation and provides a flat spectrum that covers from 0 to 1500
W/M2. Pyranometers detect both direct and diffuse radiation. The radiation that is absorbed by the sensor
is converted to heat. That heat then flows through the sensor to the device's housing. Here the use of
sensor is to off the UV light automatically after working of 04 hours.
Sensors are made of:
The ceramics used in sensors typically fall into two categories. Those made from conventional
(traditional) ceramic materials, typically very tough in nature, and those which are made up of
piezoceramic materials which are typically softer, generating an electrical charge when squeezed.

Ix) ON/OFF SWITCH

19
Solar lights come with an on and off switch- so that you can turn them off completely when you are not
using them. On the contrary, you can turn the switch on when you want your light to work. Generally,
they come with an internal sensor that tells your light when to charge and when to turn bulbs- on.
Red light indicates : low charging
Blue light indicates: charging

05. WORKING PRINCIPLEOF SOLAR INSECT TRAPPER:

Here, solar panel is used for generating electricity. Solar panel is connected to the charging unit for
indication purpose. There is switch connected to ON/OFF the light. The UV light used for attract the pest
and battery is used to store electricity and provide to the UV light for control of pest in farm.
First, select the appropriate UV light as a light source to trap pests, the boost circuit should make the
high pressure of pest control net over 4 voltage, thus killing most of the pests toward the light and
ensuring the body safety at the same time based on the load power of UV bulb, high-voltage network and
control circuit, make a reasonable choice for the capacity of batteries and solar panels to guarantee of 8h
design a control circuit for the solar panels to control the battery charging and discharging as well as
protect the system.
Meanwhile, it could control the UV pest control light which means the light could automatically turn on
at night and off during the daytime, coupled with the lightning protection, anti-rain, short circuit
prevention of high-voltage network caused by the dew, the prevention of accidentally injure of human
and animals caused by the high-voltage network.

Application:
It can widely used for agriculture farm, organic farm, forestry, vegetable store room, outdoor and indoor
gardens, orchard, tea estate, storage, urban greening, aquaculture backyard.

The pest control usage:

Helps to catch all the Flying Nymphs and Adult insects like Leaf folder, Stem borer moths, Fruit borer
moths, Hoppers, Fruit Weevil and Beetles etc., thereby reduce adult population and subsequent progenies
in the fields. Helps to identify the Pest and Insects pattern to develop Pest Management and control plan.
Helps distinguishing and controlling pest and insects damaging the crop and enabling pollination to
improve the productivity. Produced output has less chemical impact which makes people healthy and
protects eco system. Portable across the crop area without any changes. No Major mounting or
installation efforts required and easy to operate. Solar Chargeable and Automatic Timer Device Turn ON
by sunset and Turn Off after 4 hours continuous operation. No Electricity and Manpower required to
operate the device Economical and helps reduction of chemical pest management cost. Eco- friendly Pest
and Insects Control device. pest killing lamp is necessary to kill pests. Maintainer the environment and
green food ,it as natural prey with high protein of trace element has been added feed of duck, chicken
,fish animals and fowls breeding.

20
5.1. Operating instructions:
1. Press the ON switch, to I position to charge up the battery in day and kill pest in night.
2. Switch should be ON position always day and night to keep system charge and work automatic.
3. The surface of solar panel must face to sun towards south tilted few degree according to sun path.
4. Connect solar panel pin to control box in day time and see RED Led lights up for charging. 5. Keep
solar insect trap solar panel surface clean always and install the unit away from shadow area.
6. During normal usage the charging time of solar panel should be not less than 8 hrs a day under optimal
conditions.
7. Fill water half TUB and then add a little bit of soap powder or kerosene .
8. Insect trap lighting level adjustment should be as follows
For Vegetables: 3 feet height from ground level.
For Fruits: 5 feet height from ground level.
For paddy: 4 feet height from ground level.
For leafs; 3 feet height from ground level.
9. Change water in TUB every day or two depends on the insect flood
10. Keep switch in OFF position, when you store for winter season, or when you do not use the system.
11. When you not using more than a month. Please connect electrical charger into the solar panel
Connecting hole and Recharge the battery at least for 6 hours before you use the solar insect trap at open
area. And reconnect the solar panel for normal usage.
12. Time controlled light will automatically ON at Dark evening and last for 4 hrs and lights OFF.
13. Bad insects will die at evening time after 4 hours evening good insect to be present for remaining
time at mid night to morning

Specifications:
 Battery Capacity: 2000mah/14.8V ithium Battery (29.6watt).
 Solar Panel: 10Watt 12V.
 Power consumption: 4watt. UV LED.
 Green indication charging.
 Red indication battery low.
 Red & green both glow light on delay

Features:

 Ultra Violet-A-Lighting Technology to capture nymphs and adults of plants damaging Insects and
Pest.
 Micro controller based operation auto turn ON prior to sunset and auto turn OFF by Midnight.
 Fully solar and chargeable and no power required to operate the device.
 High power LED lights technology.
 Portable across the crops and plantations.

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 Benefits:

 Flying nymphs and adults of leaf folder, stem borer moths, fruit borers moths ,hoppers, aphids, white
flies, fruit weevil and different crops beetles etc.,
 Controls Controlling one adult insect reduces 300 population and subsequent pro genies in field.
 Helps to identify the pest and insects patterns to develop pest managements and control plan. Economical
and helps reduction of chemical and pest management cost.
 Helps distinguish and controlling pest and insects damaging the crop and enabling pollination to improve
the productivity.
 Produced output has less chemical impact which makes people healthy and protest Eco system.
 No electricity and manpower required to operate the device.
 Eco friendly pest and insect’s management device for paddy, wheat vegetables, fruits, floriculture,
horticulture and all large plantation crops.

5.2. Flow Chart of Proposed System

PANEL

CHARGING UNIT

SWITCH

UV BULB

BATTERY

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Most light traps used in the field of agriculture for monitoring the insect pests of different crops is
electrically operated and stationery in nature due to its dependence of electric connection. Besides, there
is no possibility to avail the electric connection in the entire area of any crop field for smooth operation of
the electrical light trap. Hence the solar light trap may be considered as the alternate solution that has
several advantages over the electrical light trap. The solar panel and the charging unit is fixed on one side
of v-shaped structure of fiber or plastic body facing the panel toward south. Then the battery is placed
within the light trap box and the LED bulb is placed funnel structure at middle under the shed structure.
The solar system is connected with each other through proper wires .
The operation of the solar light trap is very easy. There is a switch above the LED bulb. A farmer has to
switch on the bulb every evening time and switch-off in the morning and the solar light trap will be
charged during day time and provide light at night. This solar light attract the insect pests and the same
will be collected in the light trap box through funnel and will be stored in a plastic jar placed within the
box. A little amount of water with a few drops of kerosene oil or even a few drops of liquid soap may be
placed in the jar so that the insect pests caught by the trap cannot fly away through the same hole.

Fig:- Field view of solar insect trapper

A single Solar insect trap can work for the field of one acre. Moreover it can catch Flying Nymphs and
Adult insects like Leaf folder, Stem borer moths, Fruit borer moths, Hoppers, Fruit Weevil and Beetles
etc.
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5.3. Merits of solar insect trapper:
Reduces cost of pest management:-
Solar light trap is a low cost one time investment device which will function for a long period of time.
Thus it will reduce the cultivation cost of farmer and thereby increase his profit.

Helps to produce healthy food:-

In fact here we are minimising the use of chemical measures for controlling insects. Therefore our food
products will too be free from harmful insecticide residues.

Needs less or no maintenance:-

Maintenance requirement is very less in case of solar light trap. Unlike other methods the farmers just
have to change the water in few days. Thus it adds no additional burden on the farmer.

Portable in nature:-
Solar light traps are easy to handle and install. They can also be carried to different places without much
difficulties.

No electricity and manpower required to run the device:-

This is indeed one of the major advantage. Harnessing solar energy reduces the cost of cultivation and
also benefits the environment.

5.4. Demerits of solar insect trap:

Not cent percent effective:-

It is highly beneficial in controlling insect population without a doubt. But doesn’t helps during large
scale invasion and also excludes some of the insects.

Required in higher number for a Larger field:-In fact the trap cannot cover all the area of a field and
some portion may fall in dark zone. Ultimately to cover those areas a higher number of traps have to be
installed.

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06. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
This section discusses the results of the Solar Insect Trapper.
1. The basic and important result of the project is harnessing the solar energy using the photovoltaic cell
(solar panel) during daytime and store the energy using battery to light up the LED bulb (strips are used
here) during night to attract the insects and eventually trap them using water in the basin.
2. The farmer should clean the pest basin every day morning and refill the water half of the pest basin.
3 After filling water in the basin, and then add shampoo or kerosene or soap and mix well.
4. The Solar insect Trap is easily movable because of it is light in weight.
5. It can be used for wide variety of crops to trap the insects.
6. The Solar Insect Trap is eco friendly since the renewable source of energy i.e., solar power is used to
carry out the different functions of the solar trap.
7. Solar insect trapper works more efficiently, instead of using chemical pesticides it is better way to use
the solar insect trapper to prevent insects in the fields.
8. For every one acre of field, only one trapper is needed.

9. The solar panel size was selected based on the required energy of 4 watt LED bulb.

10. The 7 watt solar panel is required to operate the light trap. However, omitting the fraction value of
solar panel, one 10 W panel was chosen for this experiment.

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[Link] TYPES OF PESTS MONITERED DURING 4 DAYS OBSERVATION:

[Link]. PEST FIGURE PEST NAME

01. White grub

02. Leaf minor

03. Cotton bug

04. Spodoptera

05. Cricket

06. Beetle

07. Pumpkin caterpillar

08. Yellow stem borer

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6.2. Observation of solar insect trap in leafy vegetables for 4 days :

Day-01

Day-02

Day-03

Day-04
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07. CONCLUSIONS:
Solar insect trap is a very important device for insect management in a crop field. Apart from saving costs
of farmer for insect management it also supports environmental health.
The research aimed at Design, Fabrication and testing of Automated Solar Insect Trap. It is an alternate of
chemical insecticides for the farmer which helps in good yield and healthy crop by natural methods.
Important results include: Harnessing the solar energy using solar panel and storing the energy with the
help of battery. The stored energy is used to lighting the lamp which attracts the harmful insects and
eventually trapped.
Once the insects are trapped in the basin containing the water, the cleaning or emptying of the basin by
tilting is carried out with the help of a motor driven by battery.
Once the dead insects are cleared out, the basin is tilted back to its original position and basin is refilled
with water using a pump driven by battery.
Design and fabrication of the solar insect trap is done and tested by installing it in the crop fields.
Since it is eco friendly in nature and low-cost involvement benefits to both the farmers and agricultural
experts. The solar insect trap model will be very much effective for the control of different insects which
usually causes damage to the growing plants. By this implementation green revolution technology in the
crop field for providing necessary safeguard to the nature by providing necessary chemical free nature.

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08. REFFERENCES:
01. Elements of agricultural engineering by Dr. Jagdishwar Sahay.
02. Elements of Workshop Technology by S.K. Hajra Choudhury,Nirjhar Roy.

03. Basic electrical engineering by V.K. Mehta, Rohit Mehta.

04. Nichanant Sermsri and Chonmapat Torasa, “Solar Energy-Based Insect Pest Trap,” Procedia - Social
and Behavioral Sciences 197 (2015) 2548 – 2553 doi: 10.1016/[Link].2015.07.620
05. R. Brimapureeswaran, “Development of a New Solar Light Cum Glue Trap Model and Its Utilization
in Agriculture”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering, Volume 2,
Issue 2, February 2016
06. Swapnil A. Meshram, “Design a Solar Light Trap for Control of Field Crop Insects” International
research journal of engineering and technology, Volume 05, Issue 12, December 2018
07. P. K. Bera, “Development of a New Solar Light Trap Model and Its Utilization as IPM Tool in
Agriculture”, Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Research, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2015.
08. Juan J Roncha, “Solar Powered Insect Trap” Patent.
09. Brimapureeswaran R., Nivas G., Meenatchi R., Sujeetha Alice R.P., Loganathan M. 2016.
Development of a New Solar Light cum Glue Trap Model and its Utilization in Agriculture. In. J. of
Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering. 2(3): 37-41.
10. Srinivas M., S. Jayaraj. 2013. Energy and exergy analysis of a two pass photovoltaic – thermal (PV/T)
air heater. International Journal of Energy and Environment. Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 467-480.

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