Practical No:- 01

Object:- Introduction to cloud Vendors : Amazon, Microsoft, IBM .

Theory:-
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking,
software, analytics, and intelligence—over the internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible
resources, and economies of scale. You typically pay only for cloud services you use, helping you lower
your operating costs, run your infrastructure more efficiently, and scale as your business needs change.

Cloud vendors like Amazon, Microsoft, IBM, and AWS offer a range of cloud services that help
businesses scale and [Link] vendors provide cloud computing services, which include a
range of products like compute power, storage, networking, databases, AI services, and more. Here
are some of the most prominent cloud vendors in the market:

1. Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Overview:
AWS is the most widely used cloud platform globally. Launched by Amazon in 2006, AWS provides
a vast range of cloud computing services, from infrastructure as a service (IaaS) to platform as a
service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS). AWS is known for its scalability, security, and pay-
as-you-go pricing model.
Key Services:

 EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud): Virtual servers to run applications.

 S3 (Simple Storage Service): Object storage for data backups, archiving, and more.
 Lambda: Server less computing that lets you run code without provisioning servers.
 RDS (Relational Database Service): Managed relational databases like MySQL,
PostgreSQL, and Oracle.
 Elastic Beanstalk: Platform for deploying and managing web apps.

Strengths:

 Massive infrastructure and global reach.

 A huge selection of services.
 Advanced security and compliance features.
 Strong developer tools and integrations.

2. Microsoft Azure

Overview:
Microsoft Azure, often just called Azure, is Microsoft's cloud platform. Launched in 2010, it offers a
wide range of services, from IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, and hybrid cloud solutions. It's tightly integrated with
Microsoft's ecosystem (like Windows Server, Office 365, and Active Directory), making it an
attractive choice for enterprises already using Microsoft products.

Key Services:

 Azure Virtual Machines: Compute resources that allow you to deploy and manage VMs.
 Azure Blob Storage: Unstructured data storage, similar to AWS S3.
 Azure Active Directory: Identity and access management services.
 Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS): Managed Kubernetes cluster service.
 App Services: Platform for building and hosting web apps.

Strengths:

 Strong integration with enterprise applications (Office 365, Windows Server).

 Excellent support for hybrid cloud environments.
 Enterprise-level security and compliance.
 Global data center presence.
3. IBM Cloud

Overview:
IBM Cloud is IBM's cloud computing platform, offering a combination of IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.
Known for its emphasis on enterprise solutions, IBM Cloud provides various cloud services,
including advanced data analytics, AI, and block chain. It’s a strong option for companies in
industries such as finance, healthcare, and manufacturing.

Key Services:

 IBM Cloud Virtual Servers: Virtual machine instances on-demand.

 IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service: Managed Kubernetes clusters for containerized
applications.
 IBM Watson: AI and machine learning capabilities for building intelligent apps.
 IBM Cloud Object Storage: Scalable and secure storage solutions.
 IBM Blockchain: Blockchain-as-a-service to build and scale blockchain networks.

Strengths:

 Strong AI, machine learning, and analytics tools (especially with Watson).
 Security and compliance features for regulated industries.
 Integration with legacy systems.
 Flexible pricing and support for hybrid cloud.
 Practical No.2

Object:-Setting up Virtualization using Virtual box/ VM Ware Hypervisor .

PRACTICAL-1
AIM:- Introduction to
Cloud Vendors:
Amazon, Microsoft,
IBM.
Cloud service providers (CSP)
are organizations that offer
network services, infrastructure,
or
business applications in the
cloud.
There are several different forms
of services that can be used “in
the cloud” by CSPs, including
software, often referred to as
Software as a Service (SaaS);
a computing platform for
developing or hosting
applications, known as
Platform as a Service (PaaS);
or an entire
networking or computing
infrastructure, known as
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
1) Amazon
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
(Amazon EC2) is a web service
that provides secure,
resizable compute capacity in
the cloud. It is designed to
make web-scale cloud
computing easier for developers.
Amazon EC2’s simple web
service interface allows
you to obtain and configure
capacity with minimal friction.
It provides you with
complete control of your
computing resources and lets you
run on Amazon’s proven
computing environment.
Amazon EC2 offers the
broadest and deepest compute
platform with choice of
processor, storage, networking,
operating system, and purchase
model. We offer the
fastest processors in the cloud
and we are the only cloud
with 400 Gbps ethernet
networking. We have the most
powerful GPU instances for
machine learning training
and graphics workloads, as well
as the lowest cost-per-inference
instances in the cloud.
More SAP, HPC, Machine
Learning, and Windows
workloads run on AWS than any
other cloud.
Introduction to Virtualization
Virtualization is a technology that enables the creation of multiple simulated environments or
dedicated resources from a single physical hardware system. It allows multiple operating
systems (OS) to run simultaneously on a single machine by using a virtualization tool such as
Virtual Box, VMware, or a Hypervisor.

Types of Virtualization Tools:

1. Virtual Box: A free, open-source virtualization software developed by Oracle that
allows users to run multiple OS on a single system.

2. VMware: A widely used commercial virtualization software that provides high-

performance virtual machines.

3. Hypervisor (Type 1 & Type 2): Software that enables virtualization by creating and
managing virtual machines. Type 1 runs directly on hardware (bare-metal), while Type
2 runs on an OS.

Steps to Set Up Virtualization

1. Installing Virtual Box/VMware/Hypervisor

To start with, we will download Virtual Box and install it. We should follow the steps given below for
the installation.

Step:-1 –To download Virtual Box, click on the following

link [Link] Now, depending on your OS, select which version to
install. In our case, it will be the first one (Windows host).
Step 2 − Once the option is selected, click on “Next”.

Step 3 − You have the option asking where to install the application. We can leave it as default and
click on “Next”.
Step 4 − Once the options are selected as shown in the following screenshot, click on Next.

Step 5 − A dialog box will come up asking whether to proceed with the installation. Click “Yes”.
Step 6 − In the next step, click on “Install”.

Step 7 − Tick the start Virtual Box check box and click on “Finish”.
Step 8 – Virtual Box application will now open as shown in the following screenshot. Now, we are ready to
install the virtual machines.
 Creating a VM with Virtual Box

To create a virtual machine with Oracle Virtual Box, we should follow the steps given below.

Step 1 − To begin with, click on the “Oracle VM ” icon on the desktop as shown in the screenshot
below.

Step 2 − The next step is to click on “New” button, which is in the top left hand side of the screen.

Step 3 − A table will pop-up requesting you the parameters for the virtual machine. These will be −

 Name − We have to put a friendly name for this Virtual Machine.

 Type − Enter the OS that is going to be installed on it.
 Version − Enter the specific version for that OS, which we have selected earlier.

Once all the above parameters are filled, click on “Next”.

Step 4 − Select the amount of memory that you need to allocate in this VM → Click on “Next”.

Step 5 − Check one of the three options for the HDD and click on “Create”.
Step 6 − Select a file extension for your virtual HDD (It is recommended to use a common file extension
that most of the hypervisors use like VHD) → click on “Next”.
Step 7 − Choose whether you want the Virtual HDD as dynamic or fixed. This is based on your needs →
Click on “Next”.

Step 8 − Put a name for your virtual HDD file and select the disk size for your VM → Click on “Create”.
All the above steps can be done in one shot by selecting the “Expert mode”.

The virtual machine created will be as shown in the screenshot below.

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Setting up Networking with Virtual Box

There are two types of networking modes in Virtual Box, which are −

 Nat Networks and

 Host-only Networks.

Both of these are explained in detail below.

Nat Networks
For setting up Nat Networks, we should follow the steps given below.

Step 1 − Go to Oracle VM Virtual Box Manager → Click on “Preferences…”

Step 2 − Click on “Network” and then on the left panel click on the “NAT Networks” tab.

Step 3 − Click on the “+” button, which is highlighted in the screenshot below.
Step 4 − Here, we have to put the “Network Name” and the IP range for this network that will be NAT-
ed, in order to have access to internet and to other networks.

Host-only Networks
For setting up Host-only Networks, we should follow the steps given below.

Step 1 − If you click on the “Host-only Networks” tab, you can create networks that are isolated
from the other networks. However, VM hosts communicate with each other and the Hypervisor
machine. Click on the “+” sign.
Step 2 − The host interface will continue to be created as shown in the screenshot below.

Step 3 − If you click on button, you can edit the settings.

Step 4 − If you want your host machines to take “DHCP IP”, click on the “DHCP Server” tab and
check the box “Enable Server” → Click “OK”.

Step 5 − In the “Adapter” tab, put the IP of the hypervisor.

After all these preparations for setting up the network modes is complete. It is now time to assign a
network to our VMs.

To do this, Click on the VMs on the left side of the panel, then right click on the “Network” option
and a table will be open.
 You can have up to four Ethernet adaptors per machine. The following image has four sections
highlighted, which are explained below.

 Check the box “Enable Network Adapter” to enable the v NIC on the VM and attach it to one
network.
 You can have many networks created, so we have to select one of them in the “Name” dropdown
box.
 In the adapter type dropdown-box, we have to select a physical NIC that the hypervisor has.
 Promiscuous Mode: Here, we can select “Deny”, if we do not want the VMs to communicate with
each other.

Once all the above parameters are completed. Click on “OK”.

Allocating Processors & Memory to a VM

To allocate processors and memory to a virtual machine using Virtual Box, we should follow the
steps given below.
Step 1 − To allocate a processor and memory, you have to click on “Settings” after you have
selected the VM.

Step 2 − Click on “System” on the left side tab, then click on the “Motherboard” tab. Move the arrow
left or right to allocate the memory as shown in the screenshot below.
Step 3 − To allocate processors, click on the “Processor” tab. Move the arrow left or right to allocate
the number of processors as shown in the screenshot below.

Step 4 − After all those changes are done → click on “OK”.

Duplicating a VM Using Virtual Box

To duplicate a virtual machine using Virtual Box, we should follow the steps given below.

Step 1 − To duplicate a VM that we created before, right click on the VM and select “Clone”. A
wizard will open.

Step 2 − Write the name of the cloning machine and click on “Next”.
Step 3 − Select one of the options and Click on “Clone”.

Step 4 − The newly created VM will be as shown in the following screenshot.

Deleting a VM on Virtual Box

To delete a virtual machine on Virtual Box, we should follow the steps given below.

Step 1 − To start with, we have to right click on the VM that we want to delete and then click on
“Remove”.
Step 2 − To delete a virtual machine completely, select “Delete all files”.

PRACTICAL-1
AIM:- Introduction to
Cloud Vendors:
Amazon, Microsoft,
IBM.
Cloud service providers (CSP)
are organizations that offer
network services, infrastructure,
or
business applications in the
cloud.
There are several different forms
of services that can be used “in
the cloud” by CSPs, including
software, often referred to as
Software as a Service (SaaS);
a computing platform for
developing or hosting
applications, known as
Platform as a Service (PaaS);
or an entire
networking or computing
infrastructure, known as
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
1) Amazon
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
(Amazon EC2) is a web service
that provides secure,
resizable compute capacity in
the cloud. It is designed to
make web-scale cloud
computing easier for developers.
Amazon EC2’s simple web
service interface allows
you to obtain and configure
capacity with minimal friction.
It provides you with
complete control of your
computing resources and lets you
run on Amazon’s proven
computing environment.
Amazon EC2 offers the
broadest and deepest compute
platform with choice of
processor, storage, networking,
operating system, and purchase
model. We offer the
fastest processors in the cloud
and we are the only cloud
with 400 Gbps ethernet
networking. We have the most
powerful GPU instances for
machine learning training
and graphics workloads, as well
as the lowest cost-per-inference
instances in the cloud.
More SAP, HPC, Machine
Learning, and Windows
workloads run on AWS than any
other cloud.

PRACTICAL-1
AIM:- Introduction to
Cloud Vendors:
Amazon, Microsoft,
IBM.
Cloud service providers (CSP)
are organizations that offer
network services, infrastructure,
or
business applications in the
cloud.
There are several different forms
of services that can be used “in
the cloud” by CSPs, including
software, often referred to as
Software as a Service (SaaS);
a computing platform for
developing or hosting
applications, known as
Platform as a Service (PaaS);
or an entire
networking or computing
infrastructure, known as
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
1) Amazon
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
(Amazon EC2) is a web service
that provides secure,
resizable compute capacity in
the cloud. It is designed to
make web-scale cloud
computing easier for developers.
Amazon EC2’s simple web
service interface allows
you to obtain and configure
capacity with minimal friction.
It provides you with
complete control of your
computing resources and lets you
run on Amazon’s proven
computing environment.
Amazon EC2 offers the
broadest and deepest compute
platform with choice of
processor, storage, networking,
operating system, and purchase
model. We offer the
fastest processors in the cloud
and we are the only cloud
with 400 Gbps ethernet
networking. We have the most
powerful GPU instances for
machine learning training
and graphics workloads, as well
as the lowest cost-per-inference
instances in the cloud.
More SAP, HPC, Machine
Learning, and Windows
workloads run on AWS than any
other cloud.
 Practical no:-03
Object:- Introduction to Own cloud.
Own Cloud is an open-source software platform that provides file synchronization and sharing
capabilities, enabling individuals and organizations to store, access, and share files across different
devices while maintaining full control over their data. It is often used as a self-hosted alternative to
cloud storage services like Google Drive, Drop box, or One Drive, with a focus on privacy and
security.

Here are some key features of Own Cloud:

1. File Storage and Synchronization:

 Users can store files on their own servers, allowing for greater control over where
data is kept.
 It supports file syncing across multiple devices, ensuring that files are accessible from
desktops, smartphones, and tablets.
2. Collaboration and Sharing:
 Own Cloud allows users to share files and folders with others, even if they are not
own Cloud users.
 Sharing can be controlled with granular permissions, such as read-only access or full
access.
3. Security and Privacy:
 Data is encrypted both during transmission (using SSL/TLS) and while stored (using
server-side encryption).
 Users can implement additional security measures like two-factor authentication
(2FA) and file access logging.
4. Open Source and Extensible:
 As an open-source platform, own Cloud can be customized and extended using
plugins and apps.
 Developers can build custom features or integrate with other systems.
5. Web Interface and Desktop Clients:
 Own Cloud provides a web-based user interface for easy access to files.
 It also offers desktop clients for Windows, macOS, and Linux, as well as mobile apps
for Android and iOS.
6. Version Control:
 Own Cloud keeps track of previous versions of files, allowing users to revert to earlier
versions if necessary.
7. Integration with External Storage:
 It can be integrated with external storage systems, like Amazon S3, Google Drive, or
FTP, allowing users to access data from different sources.
8. Compliance and Governance:
 Own Cloud is suitable for organizations that need to comply with data protection laws
(e.g., GDPR) and can be configured to meet compliance requirements.
Use Cases of Own Cloud

 Individuals can use own Cloud for personal file storage, ensuring privacy and control over
their data.
 Businesses can use it for collaborative file-sharing and document management while keeping
sensitive data within their infrastructure.
 Educational Institutions and Nonprofits often use own Cloud to facilitate collaboration
among staff and students without relying on third-party cloud services.

How Own Cloud Works

To use own Cloud, you need to install the server software on your own hardware or a hosting
provider that supports PHP and MySQL/Mari DB databases. Once set up, users can connect through
a web interface or sync files via own Cloud's desktop and mobile apps.

In summary, own Cloud offers a flexible, secure, and privacy-respecting alternative to proprietary
cloud storage solutions, making it a popular choice for those who need more control over their data.
 Practical No:-04
Object:- Installation and configuration of owncloud software for saas.
1. Overview of ownCloud and SaaS:

 ownCloud: A popular open-source software that provides file synchronization and

sharing services. It allows users to store and manage files securely.
 SaaS (Software as a Service): In the context of ownCloud, SaaS means providing
ownCloud as a hosted service on the cloud. Instead of users running ownCloud on
their own hardware, they use it as a service on a cloud provider's infrastructure.

2. Key Requirements:

 Server Environment: OwnCloud can be installed on Linux-based servers (Ubuntu,

CentOS, etc.) or virtual machines.
 Web Server: Apache or Nginx.
 Database: MySQL or MariaDB (often used in SaaS for scalability).
 PHP: PHP 7.4 or higher, with specific extensions enabled.
 SSL: SSL/TLS certificates for secure communication.

3. Steps for Installation:

a) Prepare the Server:

 Set up a cloud server (e.g., AWS, DigitalOcean, Google Cloud) that meets the
requirements for ownCloud.
 Ensure that your server has a static IP, access to the internet, and a domain name (for
accessing the service).

b) Install Necessary Software:

 Install Apache/Nginx: Choose your preferred web server.

bash
Copy
sudo apt-get install apache2

 Install PHP and required extensions:

bash
Copy
sudo apt-get install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql php-zip php-xml php-curl
  Install MySQL/MariaDB:

bash
Copy
sudo apt-get install mariadb-server
c) Download and Install ownCloud:

 Download the latest version of ownCloud from the official website or use a package
manager.

bash
Copy
wget [Link]
tar -xjf [Link].bz2

 Move the files to your web server’s root directory (e.g., /var/www/html/owncloud).

d) Set up the Database:

 Log into MySQL/MariaDB and create a database for ownCloud:

sql
Copy
CREATE DATABASE owncloud;
CREATE USER 'ownclouduser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON owncloud.* TO 'ownclouduser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

 Configure the database connection in ownCloud's configuration file.

e) Configure Web Server:

 Apache: Create a new configuration file for ownCloud to handle domain and security
settings.

bash
Copy
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/[Link]

 Enable the site and restart Apache:

bash
Copy
 sudo a2ensite [Link]
sudo systemctl restart apache2
f) Set up SSL (Optional but Recommended):

 For production environments, set up SSL using Let's Encrypt or a commercial SSL
certificate.
 You can install and configure Let's Encrypt by running:

bash
Copy
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache
sudo certbot --apache

4. Configuration of ownCloud for SaaS:

a) Initial Setup:

 Access the ownCloud instance through the browser (e.g.,

[Link]
 During the first-time setup, you'll be asked to configure the admin account, connect to
the database, and choose a storage location for data.

b) Configuring for Multi-Tenant SaaS:

 For a SaaS setup, you’ll likely want multiple customers (tenants) to use the service.
 OwnCloud supports multi-user environments, so you can configure separate storage
and permissions for different users.
 Set up user management, storage quotas, and permissions to ensure each customer
has access to their own files.
 Integrate with LDAP or other authentication mechanisms if needed for easier user
management.

c) Customizing the SaaS Environment:

 Configure branding (logo, name) for your SaaS offering.

 Install and configure apps: ownCloud has a wide variety of apps you can install
(e.g., calendars, document editing tools).
 Set up file sharing rules and policies for users (e.g., public links, expiration dates).

d) Monitor and Scale:

 Enable logging and monitoring to keep track of usage, errors, and performance.
  For SaaS, you may need to scale the infrastructure as demand grows. Consider load
balancing, redundant storage solutions, and optimizing the database.

5. Post-Installation Configuration:

 Security Best Practices:

o Keep the system and software updated.
o Configure firewalls and VPNs for internal access.
o Monitor logs for unusual activity.

 Backup Strategy:
o Implement a backup solution for both database and files to ensure business
continuity in case of failure.

6. Conclusion:

 Once the installation and configuration are complete, you now have a fully functional
ownCloud instance running as a SaaS offering. Your users can access it via a web
browser or dedicated desktop and mobile apps.
 Practical No:-05
Object:- Accessing Microsoft AZURE Cloud-Services.
Microsoft AZURE:-
Accessing Microsoft Azure Cloud Services involves using a variety of tools and
methods to interact with the resources and services offered by Microsoft Azure. These
cloud services include computing power, storage, databases, machine learning,
networking, and much more. Here's a breakdown of how to access and use Azure
services:
1. Creating an Azure Account
 Sign Up: To access Microsoft Azure services, you first need to create an Azure
account. Visit the Azure portal and sign up with a Microsoft account. New users
often get a free tier with credits to explore Azure services.
 Subscription: Azure operates on a subscription-based model. You can choose
from different plans, like pay-as-you-go or enterprise agreements.
2. Using the Azure Portal
 Azure Portal Overview: The Azure Portal ([Link] is the web-
based interface for managing and accessing Azure resources. It provides a
graphical interface for creating, managing, and monitoring services.
 Logging In: After creating an account, sign in to the portal using your Microsoft
account.
 Navigation: Once logged in, you can browse services, monitor usage, manage
resources, and more. You can search for services by name or category, such as
virtual machines, storage, databases, etc.
 Dashboard: You can customize the dashboard with tiles that show key metrics,
notifications, and quick links to frequently used services.
3. Azure CLI (Command-Line Interface)
 Installation: The Azure CLI is a cross-platform command-line tool used to
manage Azure resources. You can install the CLI on Windows, macOS, and
Linux.
 Login: Once installed, use the command az login to authenticate your account
and access your Azure subscription.
  Command Execution: Through the CLI, you can create and manage resources
by typing commands like az vm create to create a virtual machine or az storage
account create to create a storage account.
 Automation: You can also write scripts using Azure CLI to automate tasks and
infrastructure deployment.
4. Azure PowerShell
 Installation: Azure PowerShell is another tool that allows you to manage Azure
resources using PowerShell commands.
 Login: Use the Connect-AzAccount command to authenticate and access your
Azure resources.
 Usage: It provides commands similar to the Azure CLI but with a PowerShell
syntax, useful for automating workflows in Windows environments or working
with other PowerShell scripts.
5. Azure SDKs (Software Development Kits)
 SDKs: For developers, Microsoft provides SDKs for various programming
languages (like .NET, Python, Java, and JavaScript) to interact with Azure
services programmatically.
 Libraries: These SDKs include libraries for interacting with Azure services such
as databases, virtual machines, and storage accounts. You can integrate Azure
resources directly into your applications.
 Authentication: SDKs also simplify authentication by providing built-in
methods to securely access Azure resources.
 Practical No:-06
Object:- Cloud Simulation Software Introduction: CloudSim.
CloudSim:
CloudSim is a popular simulation tool designed for modeling and simulating cloud
computing environments and services. It helps researchers and developers evaluate the
performance, resource allocation, and scalability of cloud systems without requiring a
physical infrastructure. Here’s a brief introduction to
Key Features:
1. Resource Modeling: CloudSim allows you to simulate the allocation of
resources such as processing power, memory, storage, and network bandwidth.
2. Virtualization Simulation: It supports the creation of virtual machines (VMs)
and the management of their resources. It also helps simulate VM scheduling
and migration.
3. Data Center
4. Simulation: You can model data centers, including their physical resources
(hosts, servers), and their dynamic behavior under various conditions.
4. Workload Simulation: CloudSim enables the simulation of cloud workloads like
jobs, tasks, or applications, and can model their resource consumption and
execution time.
5. Energy Efficiency: It supports the modeling of energy consumption in data
centers, helping researchers explore energy-efficient cloud computing solutions.
Uses of CloudSim:
1. Cloud Research and Development: CloudSim is widely used in academic and
research fields to study cloud computing systems, architectures, and algorithms.
2. Performance Evaluation: Researchers use CloudSim to evaluate how well
different cloud-based applications perform under varying workloads,
configurations, and resources.
3. Algorithm Testing: It allows testing and comparing different cloud scheduling,
resource management, and optimization algorithms.
4. Energy and Cost Optimization: CloudSim helps simulate energy and cost-
saving strategies for cloud providers, making it useful for green cloud
computing studies.
Benefits:
 Cost-effective: Researchers can simulate cloud scenarios without the need for
expensive physical resources.
 Flexibility: It supports various cloud computing models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) and
can simulate diverse scenarios.
 Open-Source: CloudSim is free to use and can be customized and extended
according to specific research needs.