Magma kis the molten material com out when valcano eruopt and come as Larva
Why the chicks are not coming from the egg from market?
These are the eggs which are not incubated
14-18 days incubation is needed
Pigeons take 20 days fro incubation mother has to sit
The larva that comes out of egg of the frog should sit inside water and cannot come outside .He
doesn’t also understand y it doesn’t look like hs parents
Why temp is high in summer?
Because of the tilt of the axis of the earth , one half of earth is always facing directly to the sun so
the temp is hoigh in summer
Air is heated , expands and become lighter and it rises
Whatevver is coming out of the egg is called larva
In different insect larva is called by different name s
In cockroach , larva is nymph
In butterfly the larva is caterpillar
Larva of egg called tadpole L
ot of salt added to food
Oil forms a layer on the food it forms a protective covering , water will not attach to it since oil is
hydrophobic
Lot of salt in the food not let the microorganism [Link] is unicellular, skin is
very thin, too much salt dissolve the skin and they die 2) cooking food- tasty, easy to chew ,
easily digestible, nkill the bacteria pressnt in them 1. Types of microbes
Microbe How is it beneficial? How does it harm us?
Bacteria - Some bacteria help to prepare curd, They cause diseases like typhoid,
wine and vinegar. tuberculosis, cholera, pneumonia.
- They break down dead and decayed
plants and animals and help keep the
environment clean.
Viruses Vaccines They cause diseases like chickenpox,
smallpox, influenza, common cold, polio.
Fungi Some fungi like mushrooms make They cause skin diseases like ringworm,
delicious food items. athlete’s foot and also cause food
Some fungi like yeast are used to poisoning if the food is stale.
prepare bread, idlis, cakes etc.
Protozoa Not useful just helpful in decaying of They cause diseases like dysentery,
matter malaria.
2. What is preservation of food?
The process of preventing food from being spoilt by germs is called preservation of food.
This can be done by not providing germs with water, food and correct temperature in which
they can live and grow on food items.
3. List ways of preserving food.
Food can be preserved in several ways:
1. Fresh fruits can be preserved by keeping them in sugar syrup and making jams.
1. Vegetables can be preserved by drying them with salt or keeping them in salt solution using
a method called pickling.
1. Milk can be preserved by removing water content through a method called dehydration or
by drying it or boiling it.
1. Dry grains and pulses can be stored in air-tight containers.
1. Some vegetables and meat can be frozen at a temperature below 0 degrees.
Ways of cooking Examples
Steaming
Boiling
Frying
Baking
4. Ways of cooking: Complete the table. Write three examples for each way of cooking, of
which one should be a traditional Indian food item. Highlight the traditional food item.
thorny -
Air we breathe, microbes , cells are insode our body so everything in our body so body is an
ecosystem
Habitat is the place where the living things like plants, animals, human live
comfortably
insects or bords which 3 stages of lifecycle – dragonfly,housefly,hen,chicken
Insects which remble theor parents – called nymph
This shows that sir is moving all ove rand also water vapour is there all over
5/1/2022-Air, Water and Weather
1. Explain how the Sun causes changes in weather and seasons.
The Sun is the main cause for changes in the weather and seasons on the Earth.
The Earth revolves around the Sun on its axis, which is tilted at an angle. As a
result, one half of the Earth is closer to the Sun and the other half is away from the
Sun. The part closer to the Sun will have warm season than the other, which will
have cooler season. Therefore, different hemispheres of the Earth have different
temperatures, weather conditions and seasons at the same time of the year.
2. What do you mean by weather? Differentiate it from climate.
Weather is the condition of the Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place. It
can change from day to day or even from hour to hour. For example: today might
be a cold and rainy day in Bangalore. Tomorrow might be a bright and sunny day.
Climate is the weather condition of a place over a long period of time. For
example: the climate in Thar Desert is hot and dry. The climate in the Himalayan
ranges is cold most months of the year.
3. How do
seasons change with the revolution of the Earth on its titled axis?
Revolution of the Earth causes different seasons in the following manner:
Position of the Earth Season in the Northern Season in the Southern
hemisphere hemisphere
North Pole is titled towards the Summer Winter
Sun
Both poles are equidistant from Autumn Spring
the Sun
South Pole is titled towards the Winter Summer
Sun
Both poles are equidistant from Spring Autumn
the Sun
Satellites
1. Define satellite. List the types.
A satellite is a heavenly body much smaller in size than a planet. They are found revolving
around a few planets in the Solar System. Each planet has a different number of satellites
around it.
There are two types of satellites:
Natural satellite: Moon (Earth), Ganymede (Jupiter)
Artificial satellite: are man-made satellite that are sent into space and orbit around the
Earth or another planet. These satellites are designed by engineers for different purposes:
- To know more about the universe
- For communication purposes
Layers of the Earth
1. List layers of the Earth.
The Earth is made up of three layers:
- Crust: the outermost layer made up of
rocks and minerals.
- Mantle: the layer below the crust, which is
made up of a mixture of rocks and metals.
- Core: the inner most layer, which is very
hot and is in molten state but the centre of
the core is solid ball of iron.
2. Differentiate between rotation and
revolution.
Rotation and revolution are movements of
the Earth.
Rotation is the spinning movement of the
Earth on its own axis. Rotation causes day
and night.
Revolution is the movement of the Earth
around the Sun along its orbit. The Earth
rotates while it is revolving. Revolution
causes seasons.
Planets dont twinkle because of their surface and they relect light evenly
Surface is uneven in star so it is twinkle (different amount of light )
Stars do twinkle ( it is an illusion because of the atmosphere around the star is sometimes
denser and sometimes lighter . earth is moving , star is not moving
Sun is not moving , we can feel it Is rises in east and west it is setting
Sun is the closest star – 150 million distance away from you
Planet has flat/smooth surface as compared to star and they are not faraway as star
Hydrogeneous mixture is uneven
In the place where it is absorbed it is brighter
Venus is the planet
Sun do not move
Yes. The sun moves through space at approximately 514,000 miles per hour,
and takes 230 million years to complete one orbit around the the milky way
galaxy.
The sun also spins, or rotates, at two rates of speed. It takes approximately
27 days to complete one rotation at the sun's equator and 31 days per
rotation at its poles.
Also, the sun expands and contracts, flipping top to bottom, by the force of
its magnetic field, once every 10 to 12 years. This expansion contraction
cycle serves as a primary cause of sun spots.
Because twin its size is same as venus – earth
Uranus is the water planet
Jamesweb can see the backend time till the big bang
The light of the big bang is still travelling to earth
James web have a poweful light beam
Big bang is happened to happened billion years ago / 100 million
Llight is faster
Star is million years away
Light came in the age of dinosaur
Light co ing here happened million years ago
Fastest revolving planet – doesn’t mean fastest speed
Mercury takes less solar year around sun
Revolivng around the sun
Venus atmosphere si denser than mercury so the venus is the hottest
Jupiter has core
Stem performs the process of photosynthesis- stem has chlorophyll and it Is green in color
Stems do not have stomato so they don’t give out water , so it stores water
So roots deep grow in the soil
Cactus has waxy coating which helps to store water
Not adapted to too much as water
It is not grown well as it grows in desert
Roots go deep and whatever the grund has water it sucks
Twinkling star – 1) atmosphere around the star – more dense sometimes and less dense
sometimes
2) surface are a of the star is not smooth and the reflection is diffferent, some place light is
more and some place light is less
Planet is more closer to earth abd the surface area us smooth and the planet is continuously
shining
My very educated mother serve us noodles
1 day on mercury is ---------------------- fact
Uranus is the fastest revolving planet (that doesn’t mean distance )
1 Solar year - 1 revolution
1 solar year of uranus might be lesser than 1 solar year of jupiter
The rays falling on North pole and south pole is very cold and no habitant is possible in
extreme north pole and south pole some animals can stay (walrus,seals etc , polar bear,artic
fox, penguin )
Waterf freezes ; polar bear , cant go inside , they start moving – migration
Go to little warmer places
Penguin has very thick layer of blubber and so they cannot fly .
Earth layer – EGG
Crust – white shells
Mantle – white boiled
Core s yellow yolk
We live on the crust
Deepest tunnel is in haryana
Mantle is 2700 km deeper (it is very hot )
When earth was formed , big bng theory happened , big bang become star and the cooler
become planets
Four planets after the asteroid belts are gas giants
Northern hemisphere gets extreme temp , because positioning like this
Banglore is near the vally so it is nit getting extreme temp
Sunny and cloudy; partly cloudy/partly sunny; ….rainy,foggy,
Earth rotate on ts own axis amd simultaneously revolve around sun
Rotation of earth on its axis causes day and night
And revolution of earth around the sun cause change seasons
Photosynthesis :
Sometimes , we shuld pant near our house cos it gives oxygen and eeps air
clean
Colorful fruits and vegiies and fruits they give
Purify the air for us to breathe
We breathe, they get to make photosynthesis.
Y should we go for morning walks ?
Morning time leaves give out oxygen .
Whatever the plant make food, it is in the form of glucose / sugar .This is
distribute to other parts . the extra food in the form of startch
Spianch – leaves, raddish – root
Glucose to starch – plants cant utilise for theor own, they are giving to us
Extra food can be stored fro a long time
pneumonia – bacterial infection
food prepared by the plants is glucose / sugar
What it is used for ?
The glucose id used for the transfering other parts of the plant and it is useful
for growth of the plant
2) plants produce extra food – it s transfported to or=ther parts of plant and
stored as starch .
surface area abd eveaporarion directly related
Humidity : amountmof watervapour in the air the day with less of humidity
will dry faster
Humidity and evaporation is indirectly related .If one thing increases and
other decreases
Venus that has bacteria n there is chemical in phosphorous
OOTY – THODA HUT IS THERE
HEAT FROM THE CANDLE WHICH DECREASES THE
IF WE WANT TO SEE THE AIR , IT IS NOT POSSIBLE – HE IS USING
SMOKE , THIS IS HOW THE AIR MOVES – THEE IA ACANDLE , AIR IS
GOING UP AND UP
clouds
Water droplets, sleet , smog/fog, dew drops , snow
scienctist ue measuremtnin kelvin
climate : sonthing a study about 30 years for one palce climate , if ex northern part eg: punjab
vety cold during smmer even in a day 2 or 3 weather change we experience antaetica was a
forest million of years
But now it is melting due to global warming
why the climate is different oin north ondia and south india because of himalays
South india is close to equator
Equator divides into two parts -sunlight falling on the equator part is very hot
Rotation
Revolution
Current need circular path to flow
Land breeze , sea breeze – air go round in circle
Warm air go up . cooling take place
So current action take place
Circulr movement of air in nature is the convection current
Convection is the property of air being lighter when warms up
v
coo,
water from waterbodies evaporates – liquid becomes watervapour nd condenses and it
become water droplets and it precipitayes , till now rainfll water precipitates
Diff types of precipitation
Silt, snow
morning time – sea breeze happens
Night time – sea breeze
blanket of air covers the sand in land called atmosphere winds start from area where land and
sea meets --- like goa and kerala
Kanyakumari – indi a wind flow from south to north (arabian sea )
5/1/2022-Air, Water and Weather
1. Explain how the Sun causes changes in weather and seasons.
The Sun is the main cause for changes in the weather and seasons on the Earth.
The Earth revolves around the Sun on its axis, which is tilted at an angle. As a
result, one half of the Earth is closer to the Sun and the other half is away from the
Sun. The part closer to the Sun will have warm season than the other, which will
have cooler season. Therefore, different hemispheres of the Earth have different
temperatures, weather conditions and seasons at the same time of the year.
2. What do you mean by weather? Differentiate it from climate.
Weather is the condition of the Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place. It
can change from day to day or even from hour to hour. For example: today might
be a cold and rainy day in Bangalore. Tomorrow might be a bright and sunny day.
Climate is the weather condition of a place over a long period of time. For
example: the climate in Thar Desert is hot and dry. The climate in the Himalayan
ranges is cold most months of the year.
Air, water and Weather.
Q3. Explain land and sea breeze.
The gentle movement of air during the day
and at night is called breeze.
Sea Breeze: The sun heats the land and
water differently. Land heats up and cools
faster than water. During the day, the air
above the land becomes hot and rises up.
Cold air from the sea rushes in, to take its
place causing a cool breeze to blow from
sea to the land. This is known
as sea breeze.
Q4. Land breeze: At night, land cools
faster than the water. Air above the sea is
warmer than the air above the land. So, the
air above the sea rises and cooler air from
the land begins to blow towards the sea.
This is called land breeze.
Air becomes warmer near the land and the land heats up faster and water heats up later since sand
in land heats up water .There is blanket of atmosphere in the air
Sea bressze happens during morning time
Darjelling – tea plantation
Gandhikota valley , Bramaputra vallley
Overcroppin g- spinach,methi lot of top
Crops means not medicinal plants
Crops are plants which are grwn in large cycle
Glaciers from the top flow down
A rock is worn down – Weathering(breaking down )
Rain waer washes away – Soil erosion
Ice causes potholes – Weathering
Farmers top soil – soil erosion
Carving – weathering
Pebbles – soil erosion
Driveway – weathering
Mud slide – soil erosion
Sand , sandpaper – rough the sandpaper – moved away soil erosion
The river overflows -soil erosion
Dead sea was evaporating and many sink hole sappearing – why it and how cause – temp change ,
pressure
Jungle book ON
TV
Sun heat up all air and it rises
What is movimg air a=called us WIND
Why do wind occur ?
When we are talking about seasons, Season occur, because the earth revoules around the sun.
23.5 deg – an tiltof the earth on its axis is another reason
3rd reason y the season happens , what is the role of sun rays
Direct sunrays and the indirect sun rays
Southern hemisphere – sun rays more hit it directly than the northern hemisphere
The area near the equator thoruhout the year it remains warmer , in winter also and in summer also
it is warmer because the sun rays are falling directly in it
The rays fallin on the north pole or the south pole fall indirectly \ slanting
throughout the year so remain ice cold
India – 4 seasond – summer, spring, winter and monsoon
Why do we need food ?
Food is needed for stay healthy, to fight with dieases, to et energy for work and play and to grow
Nutrition : after eating , whatever energy we get and go into body
Because the top soil is the loose soil , so it can be damaged
Weathering – breaks down (cracks , road is breaking, sand and sandpaper – rubbing make thinkgs
smoother , so whatever coming down will break down
Erosion – moves away
Holding the river / water /lake – embankments
On the
banks of river -
Cracking – weathering
Mud blocking – moving – soil erosion
Sand , silt – sandpaper – will make smoth – soil erosion
(here not breaking )
River overflows – soil erosion
Breaking and making to small pieces – weathering
Moving -soil erosion , blown away called erosion
Dead sea is evaporating and many sink poth holes are creating ,