VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI

LAB MANUAL

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING USING C+

+
(BCS306B)

NAME: LAXMI B
MAGADUM

USN : 2VX22CBO23
SEM : III

PROGRAMME: COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

BUSSINESS SYSTEM
 Certificate

This is certify that Mr./Mrs.

with USN has satisfactorily completed all the

Laboratory Assignment of Subject Object-Oriented Programming with

C++ having Subject Code BCS306B during the academic year 2023-24.

Faculty in-charge Programme co-ordinator

Signature of the Examiners

1. Develop a C++ program to find the largest of three numbers
 Aim: Finding the largest of three numbers
 Algorithm:
 Start.
 Read three numbers (num1, num2, num3) from the user.
 Assume the first number (num1) is the largest.
 Compare num2 with the current largest. If num2 is greater, update
the largest to num2.
 Compare num3 with the current largest. If num3 is greater, update
the largest to num3.
 Print the largest number.
 Stop.

 Source code:

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

double x1,x2,x3;

cout<<"Enter any three numbers";

cin>>x1>>x2>>x3;

if(x1>=x2 && x1>=x3)

cout<<"Largest number is:"<<x1;

else if(x2>=x1 && x2>=x3)

cout<<"Largest number is:"<<x2;

else

cout<<"Largest number is:"<<x3;

return 0;
}

OUTPUT 1:

Enter any three numbers: 45

24

56

Largest number is: 56

OUTPUT 2:

Enter any three numbers: 67

99

78

Largest number is: 99

2. Develop a C++ program to sort the elements in ascending and
descending order.
 Aim: Sorting the elements in ascending and
descending order.
 Algorithm:
Here are the steps to find the largest of three
numbers:
 Start.
 Read three numbers (num1, num2, num3)
from the user.
 Assume the first number (num1) is the largest.
 Compare num2 with the current largest. If
num2 is greater, update the largest to num2.
 Compare num3 with the current largest. If
num3 is greater, update the largest to num3.
 Print the largest number.
 Stop.
Here are the steps to sort three numbers in
ascending order:
 Start.
 Read three numbers (num1, num2, num3)
from the user.
 Compare num1 with num2. If num1 is greater
than num2, swap them.
 Compare the new num1 (which could be the
original num1 or num2) with num3. If num1 is
greater than num3, swap them.
 Compare num2 with num3. If num2 is greater
than num3, swap them.
 Print the numbers in ascending order (num1,
num2, num3).
  Stop.
 Source code:
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

int num[100],n;

int i,j,temp;

cout<<"Enter n for the numbers you want to sort:"<<endl<<endl;

cin>>n;

for(i=0;i<n;i++){

cout<<"Enter number"<<endl;

cin>>num[i];

for(i=0;i<n;i++){

for(j=0;j<n;j++){

if(num[i]<num[j]){

temp=num[i];

num[i]=num[j];

num[j]=temp;

}
 cout<<"Ascending: "<<endl;

for(i=0;i<n;i++){

cout<<" "<<num[i]<<endl;;

for(i=0;i<n;i++){

for(j=0;j<n;j++){

if(num[i]>num[j]){

temp=num[i];

num[i]=num[j];

num[j]=temp;

cout<<" Descending:"<<endl;

for(i=0;i<n;i++){

cout<<" "<<num[i]<<endl;

return 0;

OUTPUT 1:

Enter number of values you want to sort: 4

Enter value

67
Enter value

19

Enter value

88

Enter value

98

Ascending:

19

67

88

98

Descending:

98

88

67

19

OUTPUT 2:

Enter number of values you want to sort: 3

Enter value

98
Enter value

Enter value

23
Ascending:

23

98

Descending:

98

23

5
3. Develop a C++ program using classes to display student name, roll
number, marks obtained in two subjects and total score of student
 Aim: Display student name, roll number, marks obtained
in two subject and total score of student using classes.
 Algorithm:
 Start
 Define a class Student
 Declare private member variables for name,
roll number, marks of two subjects, and total
score
 Define public member functions to set and get
values for name, roll number, marks, and
calculate total score
 Read student details (name, roll number,
marks of two subjects) from user input
 Create an object of the Student class
 Set the values for name, roll number, and
marks using the public member functions
 Calculate the total score
 Print student details (name, roll number,
marks, total score)
 Stop
 Source code:
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

class Student
{
public:
string name;
int roll_no;
int marks1;
int marks2;
 int total_score()
{
return marks1 + marks2;
};
int main()
{
Student s1;
cout<<"Enter the name of the student:";
cin>>[Link];
cout<<"Enter the roll number of student:";
cin>>[Link];
cout<<"Enter the marks of the student in subject 1:";
cin>>s1.marks1;
cout<<"Enter the marks of the student in subject 2:";
cin>>s1.marks2;
cout<<"The name of the student is:"<<[Link]<<endl;
cout<<"The roll number of the student is:"<<s1.roll_no<<endl;
cout<<"The marks of the student in subject 1
are:"<<s1.marks1<<endl;
cout<<"The marks of the student in subject 2
are:”<<s1.marks2<<endl;
cout<<"The total score of the student is:"<<s1.total_score()<<endl;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT 1:
Enter the name of the student :Abc

Enter the roll number of the student : 23

Enter the marks of the student in subject 1:87

Enter the marks of the student in subject 2: 89

The name of the student is :Abc

The roll number of the student is: 23

The marks of the student in subject 1 are:87

The marks of the student in subject 2 are: 89

The total score of the student is : 176

OUTPUT 2:

Enter the name of the student :Laxmi

Enter the roll number of the student : 76

Enter the marks of the student in subject 1:34

Enter the marks of the student in subject 2: 87

The name of the student is :Laxmi

The roll number of the student is: 76

The marks of the student in subject 1 are:34

The marks of the student in subject 2 are: 87

The total score of the student is : 121

4. Develop a C++ program for a bank empolyee to print name of the employee,
account_no. & [Link] invalid balance if amount<500, Display the same,
also display the balance after withdraw and deposit.
 Aim: Display the information about bank employee.
 Algorithm:
 Start
 Read employee's name, account number, and initial
balance from user input
 If initial balance is less than 500, print "Invalid balance"
and stop
 Print employee's name, account number, and initial
balance
 Read withdrawal amount from user input
 If withdrawal amount is less than or equal to balance,
subtract withdrawal amount from balance and print new
balance
 Else, print "Insufficient balance" and stop
 Read deposit amount from user input
 Add deposit amount to balance and print new balance
 Stop
 Source code:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class BankEmployee {
private:
string name;
int accountNo;
 double balance;

public:
BankEmployee() {}

void setDetails() {
cout << "Enter name: ";
cin>>name;
cout << "Enter account number: ";
cin >> accountNo;
cout << "Enter balance: ";
cin >> balance;
}

void printDetails() {
cout << "Name: " << name << endl;
cout << "Account No.: " << accountNo << endl;
cout << "Balance: " << balance << endl;
}

void withdraw(double amount) {

if (balance - amount < 500) {
cout << "Invalid balance!" << endl;
return;
}
balance -= amount;
cout << "Withdrawal successful. Balance after withdrawal: " << balance
<< endl;
}

void deposit(double amount) {

balance += amount;
cout << "Deposit successful. Balance after deposit: " << balance << endl;
}
};
int main() {
BankEmployee employee;
[Link]();
[Link]();

cout << "Enter withdrawal amount: ";

double withdrawAmount;
cin >> withdrawAmount;
[Link](withdrawAmount);

cout << "Enter deposit amount: ";

double depositAmount;
cin >> depositAmount;
[Link](depositAmount);

return 0;
}

OUTPUT 1:
Enter name: xyz
Enter account number: 666554
Enter balance: 7000
Name: xyz
Account No.: 666554
Balance: 7000
Enter withdrawal amount: 500
Withdrawal successful. Balance after withdrawal: 6500
Enter deposit amount: 600
Deposit successful. Balance after deposit: 7100

OUTPUT 2:
Enter name: ABC
Enter account number: 666754
Enter balance: 700
Name: ABC
Account No.: 666754
Balance: 700
Enter withdrawal amount: 500
Withdrawal successful. Balance after withdrawal: 200
Enter deposit amount: 600
Deposit successful. Balance after deposit: 1300
 5. Develop a C++ program to demonstrate function overloading for the
following prototypes.

Add(int a, int b)
add(double a, double b)
 Aim: Demonstrate function overloading.
 Algorithm:
 Start. Define a function Add with parameters (int a,
int b) that returns the sum of a and b
 Define another function Double with parameters
(double a, double b) that returns the product of a
and b
 Call Add with integer arguments and store the
result
 Call Double with double arguments and store the
result
 Print the results and stop.
 Source code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void add(int a, int b)
{
cout << "sum = " << (a + b);
}
void add(double a, double b)
{
cout << endl << "sum = " << (a + b);
}
int main()
{
add(10, 2);
add(5.3, 6.2);
return 0;
}
Output :
 sum = 12
sum = 11.5

6. Develop a C++ program using Operator Overloading for overloading Unary

minus operator.
 Aim: Overloading Unary minus operator
 Algorithm:
 Start
 Define a Class: Create a class named MyNumber with a
private member variable value.
 Unary Minus Overloading: Overload the unary minus
operator (operator-) to return a new MyNumber object with
the negated value.
 Display Method: Implement a method named display to
display the
value of the object.
 Main Function: In the main function, create instances of
MyNumber,
apply unary minus overloading, and display the original
and modified
numbers.
 Stop

 Source code:

#include<iostream>
class MyNumber
{
private:
int value;

public:
MyNumber(int val) : value(val) {}
 MyNumber operator-() {
return MyNumber(-value);
}

void display() {
std::cout << "Value: " << value << std::endl;
}
};

int main() {
MyNumber num1(5);
MyNumber num2 = -num1;
std::cout << "Original Number:" << std::endl;
[Link]();
std::cout << "Number after Unary Minus Overloading:" << std::endl;
[Link]();

return 0;
}

OUTPUT 1:
Original Number:
Value: 5
Number after Unary Minus Overloading:
Value: -5

OUTPUT 2:
Original Number:
Value: 8
Number after Unary Minus Overloading:
Value: -8
 7. Develop a C++ program to implement Multiple inheritance for
performing arithmetic operation of two numbers

 Aim : Multiple inheritance for arithmetic operation

 Algorithm :
 Start
 Numbers is the base class which contains two protected data members
num1 and num2.
 Addition is a derived class from Numbers which performs addition.
 Multiplication is another derived class from Numbers which performs
multiplication.
 Stop
 Source code:
#include <iostream>
class Addition
{
public:
int add(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
};
class Subtraction
{
public:
int subtract(int a, int b)
{
return a - b;
}
};

class Arithmetic : public Addition, public Subtraction

{
public:
int multiply(int a, int b)
{
return a * b;
}

int divide(int a, int b)

{
if (b != 0)
{
return a / b;
}
else
{
cout << "Error: Division by zero" << endl;
return 0;
}
}
};

int main()
{
Arithmetic calculator;
int num1 = 9;
int num2 = 5;
int sum = [Link](num1, num2); s
cout << "Sum: " << sum << endl;
int difference = [Link](num1, num2);
cout << "Difference: " << difference << endl;
int product = [Link](num1, num2);
cout << "Product: " << product << endl;
int quotient = [Link](num1, num2);
 cout << "Quotient: " << quotient << endl;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
Sum: 14
Difference: 4
Product: 45
Quotient: 1
 8. Develop a C++ program using Constructor in Derived classes to
initialize alpha, beta and gamma and display corresponding values.

 Aim: Constructor in Derived classes to initialize alpha, beta and gamma and
display corresponding values.

 Algorithm:

 Start

 Base class has a member variable alpha and a constructor to initialize it.

 Derived A is derived from Base and has an additional member variable beta.
It initializes both alpha and beta using its constructor.

 Derived B is derived from Derived A and introduces one more member

variable gamma. It initializes alpha, beta, and gamma using its constructor.

 Each constructor prints a message to the console when called.

 display() function in both Derived A and Derived B classes is used to display

the values of alpha, beta, and gamma. Note that the function in Derived B
overrides the one in Derived A.

 Stop

 Source code:
#include <iostream>
class Alpha
{
protected:
int alpha;
public:
Alpha(int a) : alpha(a)
{
}
void displayAlpha()
{
cout << "Alpha: " << alpha << endl;
}
};
class Beta : public Alpha
{
private:
int beta;
public:
Beta(int a, int b) : Alpha(a), beta(b)
{
}
void displayBeta()
{
displayAlpha();
cout << "Beta: " << beta << endl;
}
};
class Gamma : public Alpha
{
private:
int gamma;
public:
Gamma(int a, int g) : Alpha(a), gamma(g)
{
}
void displayGamma()
{
displayAlpha();
cout << "Gamma: " << gamma << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Beta objBeta(11, 12);
[Link]();
Gamma objGamma(13, 14);
[Link]();
 return 0;

OUTPUT:
Alpha: 11
Beta: 12
Alpha: 13
Gamma: 14
[Link] a C++ program to create a text file, check file created or not, if
created it will write some text into the file and then read the text from the file.

 Aim : creating a textfile check if it is created or not

 Algorithm:

 Include necessary header files like iostream, fstream.

 Define a function to create a text file and write some text into
it.

 Define another function to read the text from the file.

 In the main() function, call the function to create and write text
into the file.

 Then call the function to read text from the file.

 Print the text read from the file onto the console.

 Source code:
#include <iostream>

#include <fstream>

#include <string>

int main() {
ofstream outputFile("[Link]");

if (!outputFile.is_open())

cerr << "Error: File could not be created." << endl; return

1;

}
 string textToWrite = "There is some text written in the file.";

outputFile << textToWrite << endl;

[Link]();

ifstream inputFile("[Link]");

if (!inputFile.is_open())

cerr << "Error: File could not be opened for reading." << endl;

return 1;

string textRead;

while (getline(inputFile, textRead))

cout << "Text from the file: " << textRead << endl;

[Link]();

return 0;

}
OUTPUT:

Text from the file: There is some text written in the file.
[Link] a C++ program to write and read time in/from binary file using
fstream
 Aim: to write and read time in/from binary file using fstream
 Algorithm:
 Start
 Include necessary header files like iostream, fstream, and
ctime for time-related functions.
 Define a structure to hold the time information. In this
case, we can use the tm structure from ctime.
 Define a function to write the current time to a binary file.
 Define another function to read the time from the binary
file.
 In the main() function, call the function to write the
current time to the file.
 Then call the function to read the time from the file.
 Print the time read from the file onto the console.
 End
 Source code:
#include <iostream>

#include <fstream>

#include <ctime>

int main()

time_t currentTime = time(0);

tm* timeInfo = localtime(&currentTime);

std::ofstream outFile("time_data.bin",

std::ios::binary); if (!outFile) {
 std::cerr << "Failed to open the file for writing." << std::endl;
return 1;

[Link](reinterpret_cast<char*>(timeInfo), sizeof(tm));

[Link]();

std::ifstream inFile("time_data.bin", std::ios::binary);

if (!inFile) {

cerr << "Failed to open the file for reading." << endl; return 1;

tm readTimeInfo;

[Link](reinterpret_cast<char*>(&readTimeInfo), sizeof(tm));

[Link]();

cout << "Original Time: " << asctime(timeInfo);

cout << "Read Time: " << asctime(&readTimeInfo);

return 0;

OUPUT:

Original Time: Wed Nov 8 [Link] 2023

Read Time: Wed Nov 8 [Link] 2023

[Link] a function which throws a division by zero exception and catch
it in catch block. Write a C++ program to demonstrate usage of try, catch
and throw to handle exception.
 Aim: demonstrate usage of try, catch and throw to handle exception.
 Algorithm:
 Start
 The divide() function takes two double values as parameters,
performs division, and throws an exception if the divisor is
zero.
 In the main() function, the user is prompted to enter the
dividend and divisor.
 Inside the try block, the division operation is attempted by
calling the divide() function.
 If a division by zero occurs, the program throws an exception
of type const char* with the message "Division by zero error".
 The catch block catches this exception and handles it by
printing an error message to the standard error stream (cerr).
 Stop
 Source code:
#include <iostream>

int divide(int numerator, int denominator)

if (denominator == 0)

{
throw std::runtime_error("Division by zero is not allowed.");
}
return numerator / denominator;
}
int main() {
 int numerator, denominator;

cout << "Enter numerator: ";

cin >> numerator;
cout << "Enter denominator: ";
cin >> denominator;
try {
int result = divide(numerator, denominator);
cout << "Result of division: " << result << endl;
} catch (const std::runtime_error &ex) {
cerr << "Exception caught: " << [Link]() << endl;
}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT 1:
Enter numerator: 88
Enter denominator: 2
Result of division: 44

OUTPUT 2:
Enter numerator: 77
Enter denominator: 11
Result of division: 7

12. Develop a C++ program that handles array out of bounds exception using
C++.

 Aim: program that handles array out of bounds exception using C++.
 Algorithm:
 Start
 Declare an array of size n
 Declare a variable index
 Read the value of index from user input
 If index is within the bounds of the array (0 <= index < n)
 Access arr[index]
 Print arr[index]
 Else
 Print "Array index out of bounds"
 Stop
 Source code:

#include<iostream>

#include <vector>

#include <stdexcept>

int main()

try {

vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; nt

index;

cout << "Enter an index to access an element in the array: ";

cin >> index;

if (index < 0 || index >= [Link]()) {

 throw std::out_of_range("Index is out of bounds.");

int element = [Link](index);

cout << "Element at index " << index << " is: " << element << endl;

} catch (const std::out_of_range &ex) {

cerr << "Exception caught: " << [Link]() << endl;

return 0;

OUTPUT:

Enter an index to access an element in the array: 3

Element at index 3 is: 4

Enter an index to access an element in the array: 7

Exception caught: Index is out of bounds.