Chapter 3: Human Development

Q1: Piaget’s stage of cognitive development in which an infant explores the world by coordination of sensory
experiences with physical actions is called as

[A]. Sensorimotor stage

[B]. Preoperational stage

[C]. Concrete operational stage

[D]. Formal operational stage

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

In the first two years of a child’s existence, the sensorimotor stage usually occurs. The child’s realisation of the
differences between themselves and their surroundings is what characterises it. They will then utilise their senses to
gather information about themselves and their surroundings.

Q2: Development is influenced by an interplay of

[A]. Biological and socio-emotional process.

[B]. Socio-emotional processes

[C]. Cognitive processes.

[D]. Biological, cognitive and socio-emotional processes.

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Development is influenced by interplay of biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional processes. Development due to
genes inherited from parents, such as in height and weight, brain and lungs development etc. all point towards the
role of biological processes.

Q3: Which of the following reflects socio-emotional processes?

[A]. A child hugs to her mother.

[B]. A young girl affectionate gesture to his/her sibling.

[C]. An adolescent’s sorrow at losing a match.

[D]. Old man driving a car.

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Typically, a child’s sensorimotor period occurs in the first two years of life. The child’s realisation that they are
different from their surroundings marks it. When that happens, they will start using their senses to discover more
about themselves and their surroundings.

Q4: The close emotional bonds of affection that develop between infants and their parents is called:

[A] Attachment

1
[B] Close relationship

[C] Close bond

[D] Open bond

Solution:

[A] Attachment

Attachment is the deep emotional bond between a baby and the person who provides most of their care. Just as
most parents feel a strong connection with their newborn after birth, babies also become attached to their parents.

Q5: The adolescent can apply logic more abstractly on:

[A] Concrete operational stage

[B] Formal operational stage

[C] Preoperational stage

[D] Sensorimotor stage

Solution:

[B] Formal operational stage

The capacity to formulate hypotheses and subject them to methodical testing in order to find a solution to a problem
characterise the formal operational stage. In addition to being able to reason abstractly, someone in the formal
stage may comprehend the shape or structure of a mathematical problem.

Q6: The changes that follow an orderly sequence and are largely dictated by the genetic blueprint which produces
commonalities in our growth and development, is termed as

[A]. Maturation

[B]. Evolution

[C]. Development

[D]. Growing

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Learning to cope and respond in a way that is emotionally suitable is the process of maturation. It is a part of growth
and development but does not always occur in tandem with age or physical development.

Q7: The process by which an individual grows and changes throughout the life cycle is termed as

[A]. Growth

[B]. Development

[C]. Maturation

[D]. Evolution

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

2
Development is a process by which an individual grow and change throughout the life cycle. The term Development
refers to the change that have a direction and hold definite relationship with what precedes it.

Q8: Evolution proceeds at

[A]. A very fast pace

[B]. A slow pace

[C]. A very slow pace

[D]. None of these

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Evolution is usually thought to be a very slow process, something happens over many generations, thank to adaptive
mutation. But Environmental change due to things like climate change, habitat destruction, pollution, etc. is
happening very fast.

Q9: Fit Jigsaw puzzle precisely is a fine motor skill for the children of:

[A] 3 years old

[B] 4 years old

[C] 5 years old

[D] 6 years old

Solution:

[B] 4 years old

Jigsaw puzzles simultaneously work the left and right parts of your brain. Your right brain is creative and intuitive,
whereas your left brain is rational and operates in a sequential manner. Consider it a mental exercise that
strengthens your capacity for problem-solving and sustained attention.

Q10: Which of the following can be considered as gross motor skills of three years old child?

[A] Hopping

[B] Jumping

[C] Running

[D] Clapping

Solution:

[C] Running

Large muscle movements are a part of gross motor skills, which include autonomous sitting, crawling, walking, and
running. The usage of smaller muscles is required for fine motor activities like gripping, manipulating objects, and
sketching.

Q11: Distinctly observable characteristics are called

[A]. Genotype

[B]. Phenotype

3
[C]. Genetics

[D]. DNA

Answer: Option B

Explanation: The term “phenotype” describes the outward manifestation of genetic information in an individual
(known as genotype). This encompasses any aspect of a person’s physical, psychological, and biological nature that
can be measured or seen.

Q12: Homo sapiens came into existence only about

[A]. 20,000 years ago

[B]. 30,000 years ago

[C]. 10,000 years ago

[D]. 40,000 years ago

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

15,000 to 40,000 Years Ago: Genetics and Fossil show homo sapiens became the Only Surviving human Species.

Q13

The environment where the child directly interacts with social agents (such as family, peers, teachers, and
neighbourhood, is termed as

[A]. Mesosystem

[B]. Microsystem

[C]. Macrosystem

[D]. Exosystem

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

The pattern of activities, social positions, and interpersonal interactions that a person engages in within a certain
context is referred to as the microsystem.

Q14: Which of the following is socio-historical circumstances?

[A]. Divorce of parents

[B]. Parent’s economic setback

[C]. Both [A] and [B]

[D]. Buying a new car.

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

The foundation of the socio-historical context of psychology is the psychological component that involves the social
and historical processes in the individual or is connected to the social history of an event that might have happened
in the past.

4
Q15: Focusing on a single characteristic is:

[A] Egocentrism

[B] Animism

[C] Centration

[D] None of these

Solution:

[C] Centration

Centration is the psychological term for the propensity to concentrate on one prominent component of a situation
while ignoring other, potentially significant aspects. Centration is a behaviour that is frequently displayed in the
preoperational stage and was first described by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget through his theory of cognitive-
developmental stages.

Q16: Which of the following is egocentrism?

[A] Self-focus

[B] Thinking that all things are living

[C] Thinking that all things are non-living

[D]Lack of focus

Solution:

[A] Self-focus

You could question if narcissism and egocentrism are the same thing because egocentrism is the term used to
describe someone who is self-centered and unable to see things from perspectives other than their own. There are
clear distinctions between egocentric and narcissistic personalities, despite certain similarities.

Q17: Which of the following reflex is shown by a newborn?

[A]. Rooting

[B]. More

[C]. Babinski

[D]. Grasp

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

A person’s unintentional clutching of anything that comes into contact with their hand. Although this reaction is
common in young children, it can indicate sickness or injury to the frontal lobe in older people.

Q18: Babinski disappears in

[A]. 3 to 6 months

[B]. 8 to 12 months

[C]. 12 to 14 months

[D]. 12 to 14 months

5
Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Children up to the age of two are not abnormal in this reaction. As the child gets older, it goes away. It might go
away as soon as a year.

Q19: When a finger or some other objects is pressed against the baby’s palm, the baby’s fingers close around it. It
shows the

[A]. Grasp reflex

[B]. More reflex

[C]. Rooting reflex

[D]. Babinski reflex

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

A person’s unintentional clutching of anything that comes into contact with their hand. Although this reaction is
common in young children, it can indicate sickness or injury to the frontal lobe in older people.

Q20: The approximate age of sensorimotor stage is

[A]. 0-2 years

[B]. 2-7 years

[C]. 7-11 years

[D]. 11-18 years

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

When infants begin to crawl, stand, and walk, their enhanced physical mobility promotes greater cognitive growth.
Infants reach another significant milestone near the end of the sensorimotor stage (18–24 months): early language
development, a sign that they are beginning to develop some symbolic abilities.

Q21: According to Piaget the formal operational thought appears between the age of:

[A] 8—10 years

[B] 10—11 years

[C] 11—15 years

[D] 16—18 years

Solution:

[C] 11—15 years

Approximately 11 to 12 years old is when it starts, and it lasts until maturity, but Piaget does note that some people
may never reach this stage of cognitive development.

6
Q22: The stage of life that begins at the onset of puberty when sexual maturity or the ability to reproduce is attained
is called:

[A] Adulthood

[B] Adolescence

[C] Middle aged

[D] Old aged

Solution:

[B] Adolescence

Adolescence is a time of transition characterised by significant changes in social relationships, cognitive