Dimensions Math’ ésM»

Textbook 5B
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Singapore Math Inc.

 Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2022 with funding from
Kahle/Austin Foundation

[Link]
Dimensions Math’
Textbook 5B

Authors and Reviewers

Bill Jackson
Jenny Kempe
Cassandra Turner
Allison Coates
Tricia Salerno

Consultant
Dr. Richard Askey

Singapore Math Inc.

Published by Singapore Math Inc.
19535 SW 129th Avenue
Tualatin, OR 97062
[Link]

Dimensions Math® Textbook 5B

ISBN 978-1-947226-13-5

First published 2020

Reprinted 2020

Copyright © 2018 by Singapore Math Inc.

All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be
reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express
written permission of the publisher.

Printed in China

Acknowledgments
Editing by the Singapore Math Inc. team.
Design and illustration by Cameron Wray with Carli Fronius.
 Preface
The Dimensions Math® Pre-Kindergarten to Grade 5 series is based on the
~ pedagogy and methodology of math education in Singapore. The curriculum
develops concepts in increasing levels of abstraction, emphasizing the
three pedagogical stages: Concrete, Pictorial, and Abstract. Each topic is
introduced, then thoughtfully developed through the use of problem solving,
student discourse, and opportunities for mastery of skills.

Features and Lesson Components

Students work through the lessons with the help of five friends: Emma, Alex,
Sofia, Dion, and Mei. The characters appear throughout the series and help
students develop metacognitive reasoning through questions, hints, and ideas.

The colored boxes |oe and blank lines in the textbook lessons are used to
facilitate student discussion. Rather than writing in the textbooks, students can
use whiteboards or notebooks to record their ideas, methods, and solutions.

Chapter Opener
Each chapter begins with an engaging scenario that stimulates student
curiosity in new concepts. This scenario also provides teachers an opportunity
to review skills.

Think
Students, with guidance from teachers, solve a problem using a variety
of methods.
Learn

One or more solutions to the problem in Think are presented, along with
definitions and other information to consolidate the concepts introduced in Think.

Do

A variety of practice problems allow teachers to lead discussion or

encourage independent mastery. These activities solidify and deepen student
understanding of the concepts.

Exercise

A pencil icon "5 > at the end of the lesson links to additional
practice problems in the workbook.

Practice

Periodic practice provides teachers with opportunities for consolidation,

remediation, and assessment.

Review

Cumulative reviews provide ongoing practice of concepts and skills.

Emma Alex Sofia Dion Mei

Contents
Chapter Lesson Page

Chapter 9 Ghapten Opener vn,cionccte

conve tee eee Gp
Decimals ALNOUSANAINS ay a wrasse cease 2
Place Value to Thousandths 20.00.00... eS

/
ComparingrDecimals a) cca
cave een @
RoundingsiDecimals ia ee ®
BROCLIC OPAC IN co Masrerrg eG tahoe ec ee (24)
Multiply Decimals by 10, 100, and 1,000... 26 )
Divide Decimals by 10, 100, and 1,000... 30)
Conversion of Measures ...............0.0.00050000c00. 34)
oO
wWNY
F&F
Oa
ON
= MentaleGaleulation:.<. ss eee
8)
105. PractiGesB ek cecccohn eee
®

Chapter 10 Chapter Opener @

The Four Adding Decimals to Thousandths @
Operations of Subtracting Decimals @
Decimals Multiplying by 0.1 or 0.01
o-@
Multiplying by a Decimal @
Practice A |
©
Dividing by a Whole Number — Part 1 ~@
Dividing by a Whole Number — Part 2 |
©
DOO
DY
ON
FW
+ Dividing by a Whole Number
by 0.1 and 0.01 ©
g Dividing a Whole Number by a Decimal oS
10 Practice B
o
Chapter Lesson Page

Chapter 11 Chapter Opener . ©

1
Geometry Measuring Angles
2 Angles and Lines
3 Classifying Triangles
4 The Sum of the Angles in a Triangle
5 The Exterior Angle of a Triangle
6 Classifying Quadrilaterals
7 Angles of Quadrilaterals — Part 1
8 Angles of Quadrilaterals — Part 2
9 Drawing Triangles and Quadrilaterals
{ 0. Practicese....1..
eEeEeEe
Chapter 12 Chapter Opener
®
Data Analysis Average — Part 1
©
and Graphs Average — Part 2
©
Line Plots
©
Coordinate Graphs
ae
Straight Line Graphs
@
Practice
WwWnhD
owrr
=
®
Review 3
o
Chapter Lesson Page

Chapter 13 Chapter:Opener secrete

ee eee 159)
Ratio Finding thea Qhio wn mechyse ee ven .[Link] ee eee 160)
EquivalentsRatios 5,1at.a-cei0
mean cee eee ©
Eindingza Quantity .<..22 aero yee 169)
Comparing Three Quantities [Link]... @
Word Problems <[Link] ee @
=
YN
WwW
fF
oa PractiGe-u.36 ieee ©

Chapter 14 Chapter: Openeria aie ce ee ©

Rate Finding the Rate: ...:.<...,2s ee @
Rate:iProblems —Partl 2).....25
a ee @
Roate:Problems — Port cance ©
Word Problemsic..23. ee 196)
WwW
afr
hyo Practices:5.c.% shins her ee eee ee 199)

Chapter 15 Chapter: Openerce a2 es ee &

Percentage Meaning of Percentage 5... eae &
Expressing Percentages as Fractions .............. &
Percentages and Decimals =...3..500n..
ee &
Expressing Fractions as Percentages .............. (211)
Practice A: oie occas ccc ctr’ tec entree vs eee er eee (214)
Percentage of a Quantity 00.0.0... &
Word: Problemsz1....ccn;ee eee 220)
—
wp PLACCOs erieee
DOoarskt
ON 223)
PROVIC WS fi ec eee ihn) ee ee @
REVIGW: 0 oe eee eee 229)
BLANK
 Chapter 9
Decimals

| wonder how much this cucumber weighs in kilograms.

| wonder how long the ribbon is in meters.

iii itil
, 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 8E
Lesson 1
Thousandths | a

Think

“nl IMI i
tes
Fie 15 16
cm

(a) Look ata meter stick. Find the tick marks for 1 decimeter (dm),
1 centimeter (cm), and 1 millimeter (mm). How can we express
1 dm, 1 cm, and 1 mm in meters?

@
AA 10dm=1m
100 cm =1m
1,000 mm = 1m

(b) This pen is 145 mm long. How can we express the length of the pen in
meters?

é
Ds bakntysuhphaadesnehs ITITmnn
0 NO Ne ea
cm
Learn
(a) 1mm=7G99
m=0.001 m
oo" 0.01 m erie

ae? hese aeBs

niIA ‘
NOR e261 3ae 14eee
ae |

When 1 m is divided into 10 equal parts, each part is +5 m, or 0.1 m.

When +5 m is divided into 10 equal parts, each part is aaa m, or 0.01 m.

When a5 m is divided into 10 equal parts, each part is aad m, or 0.001 m.

We read 0.001 as zero point

zero zero one or one thousandth.

(b) 145 mm= 5 m = 0.145 m.

The pen is _©: [Y Som long.

We read 0.145 as zero point one four five

or one hundred forty-five thousandths.

How can we express the length

of the pen in centimeters?

9-1 Thousandths
Do

> (a) Express the length of the moth’s wingspan in meters as a decimal.

we’
ho i

25 mm = 0

(b) Express the amount of water in the beaker in liters as a decimal.

675 mL

675 mL =(@,

(c) Express the weight of the grapefruit in kilograms as a decimal.

9-1 Thousandths
@ Express each fraction or mixed number as a decimal.

JEN
(a) 7000 = 0.004

(b) 7000=O-G/S

(a) O00 =

(b) 300 BOOM SOE Wind |

1,000 4:000°= 100=*—10

xue
its
| peo ene
(c) A= 500 ~ 7,000
Sel pba
x?

9-1 Thousandths
© Express each mixed number as a decimal.

©) 2 -3

Ay
kK | 4 is not a factor of 10, but it is
yx a factor of 100. 4 x 25 = 100

(b) 53 = 5x25
8 is not a factor of 10, or 100, but it
is a factor of 1,000. 8 x ? = 1,000

5) Express 0.008 as a fraction in simplest form.

9-1 Thousandths
6) (a) Express 2.375 as a fraction in simplest form.

70
ae Express each fraction or mixed number as a decimal.

(2) 35 of250 2 eZ
Y 2 GIRL
40 716 O-AG j
8) Express each decimal as a fraction or mixed number in simplest form.

(aye 1225 (oye 0m25 (c)* 3.076

A BL yA xb /9
& y idoo — I5n-
2h6 o
Hy 6 378
Bee(6 ee
Ce

9-1 Thousandths
 Lesson 2
Place Value to Thousandths

Think

10 flats = 1 large cube

100 rods = 1 large cube
1,000 small cubes = 1 large cube

(a) If we consider the value of the large cube as 1, how can we express the
values of the flat, the rod, and the small cube?

(b) If we consider the value of the large cube as 1, what is the value of the
blocks shown below?

8 9-2 Place Value to Thousandths

 75 Of 1is 0.1.

Al 1 eG |
10 of 75 of 1 iS 799 of 1, or 0.01.

75 Of apOf apOf 1 iszagg Of 1, 0r 0.001.

(b)

We can express the value as a fraction.

zi 4 ee ee ee eeA 5
(2 x 1) + (3 x 79) + (4 * 799) + © * To00) =2 + To00 + F000 + To00

2 gyeats)
= 27000

We can express the value as a decimal.

(2 x 1) + (3 x 0.1) + (4 x 0.01) + (5 x 0.001) =2 + 0.3 + 0.04 + 0.005

= 2.345

9-2 Place Value to Thousandths 9

 2 + 0.3 + 0.04 + 0.005 is 2.345 in expanded form.
The value of each digit is given.

We read 2.345 as two point three four

five. We could also read it as two and
three hundred forty-five thousandths.

i t T
2x | 3 x 0.1 4x 0.01 5 x 0.001

The digit 2 is in the ones place. Its value is 2 ones, or 2.

The digit 3 is in the tenths place. Its value is 3 tenths, or 0.3.

The digit 4 is in the hundredths place. Its value is 4 hundredths, or 0.04.

The digit 5 is in the thousandths place. Its value is 5 thousandths, or 0.005.

There are other place values to the right of the

thousandths place such as the ten thousandths place,
the hundred thousandths place, and the millionths place.

9-2 Place Value to Thousandths

Do
GS Make each number with place value discs and place value cards.

(a) OF 53

0.1+0.05+0.003= @./¢7
(b) 0.032

(c) 3.006

- 9-2 Place Value to Thousandths

 ( 6 x0.01)+( | x 0.001) = 0.0%

©) (ca) What number is 0.001 more than 0.009?

9 thousandths + 1 thousandth = 10 thousandths @y
“A

0.009+0.001= 0.0/0

(b) What number is 0.001 less than 0.05?

5 hundredths = 4 hundredths+ 10 thousandths |

0.05+ 0.001 = (04q_

9-2 Place Value to Thousandths

 (c) What number is 0.001 less than 0.3?

3 tenths = 2 tenths + 9 hundredths + 10 thousandths

4) Write the following numbers in expanded form.

(a) 0.425 (b) 2.302

o-Y fool} O05 ol OD ates

(c) 31.008 (d) 403.062

Wt) 1 0.008 ice O-OG/ 0.002
@ (a) 7+0.03+0.005 = 7.075
472
(b) 0.07+3+0.5+0.002= 3,
et
aes ony i}

(b) 0.003 + 0.007 =

(d) 0.07-0.001= 0

(f) 0.2%¢ 0.003= 9. /42

: Exercise 2 + page 5

9-2 Place Value to Thousandths

Lesson 3
Comparing Decimals

Think

The weight in grams of four coins is shown in the table below.

ane
| 288
Compare the weights of the coins. Then order the coins from lightest to heaviest.

Learn

Compare the weights of the penny and the nickel.

Hundredths

Begin by comparing the

digitsin the highest place.
2 ones <5 ones

ZOO

The penny weighs less than the nickel.

9-3 Comparing Decimals

Compare the weights of the penny and the dime.

The ones are the same, so compare the tenths.

5 tenths > 2 tenths

2.268 = 27000
Re oU0
2.5 > 2.268 e100

The dime weighs less than the penny.

Compare the weights of the nickel and the quarter.

nickel

quarter

6 tenths > 0 tenths

55.07

The nickel weighs less than the quarter.

The coins in order from lightest to heaviest are

and

9-3 Comparing Decimals

Do
e (a) Which is greater, 0.243 or 0.324?

Hl:
(b) Which is less, 0.213 or 0.237?

& Compare 7.435 and 7.379.

7.435 (_) 7.379

9-3 Comparing Decimals

© (a) Compare 0.03 and 0.031.

Ones { S Hundredths

O thousandths < 1 thousandth

0.03 (_) 0.031

(b) Compare 5.246 and 5.25.

Hundredths

5.246) 5.25

© Write the numbers represented by each arrow. Which number is

the least? Which number is the greatest?

Ll re
AB C D ae

0 | Oe | = 0.1

9-3 Comparing Decimals

 5) Find the location of the following numbers on the number line. Then
write them in order from least to greatest.

1.4 1.45 1.5

(a) 1.425 (b) 1.475

(c) 1.42 : (d) 1.47

6) What sign, >, <, or =, goes in each ()?

(a) 0.417
)0.403 (b) 0.279(
)0.379

(c) 1.235) 1.238 (d) 1.2() 1.02

(e) 3.24( )3.240 (f) 0.075( )0.3

(g) 3+0.02(_)3+0.005 (h) 5+0.07(

)5+0.6 +0.009 + 0.001

&& Order the numbers from least to greatest.

(aye Gsts0, 10,050,015

(b) 2.784, 2.8, 2.78, 2.7

(c) 9,:0.99, 0.999, 9.9

(d)) 3.1, 3.05,/3.15, 3.015

Exercise 3 - page 9 >

18 9-3 Comparing Decimals

 Lesson 4
Rounding Decimals

: Think

The length of the paper clip is 1.375 in. Ga) 5)

>
(a) Round 1.375 to the second decimal place. 1.375 in

(b) Round 1.375 to the first decimal place.

(c) Round 1.375 to a whole number.

“Round to the first decimal place” means round to

the nearest tenth. “Round to the second decimal
place” means round to the nearest hundredth.

A digit of 5 in the thousandths place tells us

that the number 1.375 is halfway between
1.37 and 1.38. We round up to 1.38.

1.375 is 1.38 when rounded to the second decimal place.

9-4 Rounding Decimals

 oS

ess: 1.4

A digit of 7 in the hundredths place tells us

that the number 1.375 is more than halfway
between 1.3 and 1.4. We round up to 1.4.

1.375 is 1.4 when rounded to the first decimal place.

1.375

I
dd

A digit of 3 in the tenths place tells us that

the number 1.375 is less than halfway
between 1 and 2. We round down to 1.

1.375 is 1 when rounded to a whole number.

Which estimate is closer to the actual measurement,

1.38 inches, 1.4 inches, or 1 inch?

To round decimal numbers to a given place, look at the digit that is one place
to the right of the place you are rounding to. If it is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, round
down. If itis 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, round up.

9-4 Rounding Decimals

Do

@ (a) Round 1.048 to the second decimal place.

1.048
| 1.048 is closer to...

ii
(b) Round 1.048 to the first decimal place.

1.048

1.048is ==~—~—_~when rounded to the first decimal place.

We keep the 0 in the tenths place of the rounded

number to show that we rounded to tenths.

(c) Round 1.048 to the nearest whole number.

1.048

is
cn
apepen ps)
1.048 is when rounded to the nearest whole number.
fone
i?
eaeMeron Ne]
y

9-4 Rounding Decimals

 & (a) Round 1.495 to the second decimal place.

1.495
| There is a 5 in the
| thousandths place so...

1.49 1.495 1.50 ey

1405 ~
(b) Round 1.495 to the first decimal place.

1.495

1.4 1.45 He5

1.405 ~
(c) Round 1.495 to a whole number.

1.495
| There is a 4 in the
tenths place so...

1 135 Z

29 9-4 Rounding Decimals

© Round 1.996 to the second decimal place.

1.996
We write zeros in the tenths
and hundredths places of the
rounded number to show that
we rounded to hundredths,
not to a whole number.

4) Round each number to the second decimal place.

(a) 3.801 (b) 4.325

(c) 10.503 (d) 52.095

5 Round each number to the first decimal place.

(a) 0.619 (b) 5.071

(c) 45.014 (d) 20.972

6 Round each number to a whole number.

(a)? 1-503 (b) 26.009

(c) 9.536 (d) 99.701

Exercise 4 » page 12 a

9-4 Rounding Decimals

Lesson 5
Practice A

Express the weight of the jar of chocolate spread as a decimal in kilograms.

ee Express each fraction or mixed number as a decimal.

3 502 243 17
(a) To00 (b) 7000 (c) 1599 (d) 3755

& Express each decimal as a fraction or mixed number in simplest form.

(a) 0.005 (b)eO2%5

(c) 2.808 (d) 1.405

7)
© (a) 2+0.1+0.=003

(b) (3 x 0.1) + (2 x 0.01) + (7 x 0.001) = am

(c) «= 0.004 + 0.006

(d) 0.4—0.00 1
= ee

9-5 Practice A
5) Write the following numbers in expanded form.

(a) 0.305 (b) 20.062

© What sign, >, <, or =, goes in each eo:

(a) 3.4( )3.296 (b) 0.74) 0.751

(c) 0.909) 0.099 (d) 0.06) 0.060

o) Order the numbers from least to greatest.

(a) 1, 0.1,0,0.01, 0.001 (b) 0.1,0,0.09, 0.089

(c) 0.04, 4.04, 0.44, 0.404 (d) 3, 0.329, 0.3, 0.29

(e) 7,
1
0.27, 0.245, 2.5 (f) 45,4,
1
4355,
123
4.9

© Round each number to the second decimal place, to the first decimal
place, and to a whole number.

(a) 5.082 (bac o'G

(c) 54.021 (d) 0.999

© A decimal number with 4 digits is 2.06 when rounded to the second

decimal place. What are the possible values of the number?

Exercise 5 « page 15 >

9-5 Practice A
Lesson 6
Multiply Decimals by 10, 100, and 1,000

An action figure weighs 0.231 kg.

(a) How much do 10 of these action figures weigh in kilograms?

(b) How much do 100 of these action figures weigh in kilograms?

(c) How much do 1,000 of these action figures weigh in kilograms?

Learn

() @@@ 7%, 1 @@
or a @
@ oF
O23 xH10Hi12:31

10 action figures weigh kg.

1 @ 1 @ O.
i oF a

0.231 x 10 x 10=0.231 x 100

= 23.1

100 action figures weigh kg.

9-6 Multiply Decimals by 10, 100, and 1,000

(c) @ ¢@@ =", 0: @ =", O01
G Lu @ Ou a)
@ x ®
0.231 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 0.231 x 1,000 = 231

1,000 action figures weigh kg.

x 10

x10

x 10

0.231 x 10 ae Peewee — Fs
XA

Oo 100s — pO Ore 9— oe
LAA

O23lo0 1,000) = >, 082.3519 =» 251

WAAA

To multiply a number by 10, 100, or

1,000, move the decimal point 1, 2,
or 3 places to the right, respectively.

What is 23.1 x 100?

What is 2.31 x 1,000?

9-6 Multiply Decimals by 10, 100, and 1,000

Do

@ (c) 02x10= &

@
@ x 10
(b) 0.02 x 10 = ae a on
ot
o> *10
(c) 0.002 x 10 = ie o *",@
ey @

(d) 0.002x 100-7 | © _-,

x 10 x 10
@-,@
* © ot

@S x10
x @ x 10 @& x10
on a
(e) 0.002 x 1,000 = bea
a a? ® e g

One
Thousands Hundreds

(a) 3.245
x 10 = ee (b) 3.245 x 100 = a
(c) 3.245 x 1,000 = ee (d) 32.45 x 100 = ae
(e) 32.45
x 10 = ae (f) 324.5
x 10= a

9-6 Multiply Decimals by 10, 100, and 1,000

© (0) 1.307x 10-9 8S (b) 1.307x 100-

1300-7

© Multiply.

(a) 0.25x 10 (b) 0.084

x 10 (c) 0.6 x 100

(d) 1.35
x 100 (e) 0.609
x 100 (f) 4.5
x 1,000

(g) 0.39
x 1,000 (h) 1.308
x 1,000 (i) =2527 -x17000

5) A dime weighs 2.268 g.

(a) How much do 10 dimes weigh in grams?

(b) How much do 100 dimes weigh in grams?

(c) How much do 1,000 dimes weigh in grams?

Exercise 6 - page 18 >

9-6 Multiply Decimals by 10, 100, and 1,000

Lesson 7
Divide Decimals by 10, 100, and 1,000

Think
(a) 231 kg of flour is divided equally into 10 containers. How many kilograms
of flour are in each container?

(b) 231 kg of coffee is divided equally into 100 bags. How many kilograms
of coffee are in each bag?

(c) 231 kg of cinnamon is divided equally into 1,000 bottles. How many
kilograms of cinnamon are in each bottle?

Learn

) @©Ou =", Ov. @

o©@ Ou
® a
231 + 10=23.1

There are kg of flour in each container.

(6b) @Oc 2%, Ov @ =", + 60

©O Ou a @
© G ot
261 = 10-410 =231 =n 00 2°31

There are kg of coffee in each bag.

9-7 Divide Decimals by 10, 100, and 1,000

 (c) OO: -", 0: @ =~,
+10
: @@ =", @0
©oO 0: 1 @ a @
® U oF @
231i 0 = 10 10= 231 = 1,000
= 0.231

There are kg of cinnamon in each bottle.

Hundredths

2 3 1

Zw +100
+ 1,000
om
ie
as
3

2
Stee INS
1

3 1
+10

“| OMe
=o 2
eS
3 1
a

25 \t10 meneAe ANS Bp | aoe IS

RY

235i OOM? 2 Pt o aliee——e

RAY

23ig a DO0l— > ae Ce le 0-251

RAAY

To divide a number by 10, 100, or

1,000, move the decimal point 1, 2,
or 3 places to the left, respectively.

What is 2.31 + 10?

What is 2,310 + 1,000?

9-7 Divide Decimals by 10, 100, and 1,000

- @ (a) 2+10=)

(b) 0.2+ 10= ae

(c) 0.02: 10=

(d) 0.2+ 100

= a

(e) 2+ 1,000 = a

(a) 65+ 10= ae (b) 65+ 100 =

(c) 65+ 1,00 0
= aay (d) 65+ 10 =e
(e) 65+ 100 = ae (f) 0.6
10=5+
iam

9-7 Divide Decimals by 10, 100, and 1,000

 © Divide.

(a) 1.06 +10 (b) 2:52:10 (c) 0.9+ 100

(d) 63.5 +100 (e) 304.6 +100 (f) 7+ 1,000

(g) 2.1+100 (h) 80+ 1,000 (i) 300

+ 1,000

5 To divide 36 by 100, Mei used the following method.

36 + 100 =moOe
365 = 0.36

(a) Explain why Mei’s method works.

(b) Use this method to divide 36 by 1,000.

(c) Use this method to divide 36 by 10.

; Exercise 7 « page 21 >

9-7 Divide Decimals by 10, 100, and 1,000

Lesson 8
Conversion of Measures

Think
A ribbon is 9.7 cm long.

(a) Express the length of the ribbon in millimeters.

(b) Express the length of the ribbon in meters.

Learn
(a) 1cm=10mm Millimeters are smaller units than

9.7 x 10 =97 centimeters. | multiplied by 10.

9.7 cm = mm

(D)e100!'cm = lem
Meters are larger units than
Oia O0i=0,097,
eee centimeters. | divided by 100.
9.7 cm = | m

97 mm, 9.7 cm, and 0.097 m

are equivalent measures.

2
MA

9-8 Conversion of Measures

Do

da (a) Express 3.2 cm in millimeters.

heaps eae
10

9-8 Conversion of Measures

2) (a) Express 8.25 m in centimeters.

8.25 x 100=
1m=100cm
8.25 m= cm

(b) Express 25.4 cm in meters. a

a
25.4 +100= 100 cm=1m
1 cm = 70 m
25.4 cm = m

© (a) Express 2.85 kg in grams.

1kg=1,000g
2.85 x 1,000 = Piva 1 L= 1,000 mL
1 km = 1,000 m
2.85 kg = g
O)
(b) Express 7.85 km in meters.

7.85 x 1,000 =

7.85 km = m

(c) Express 250 mL in liters.

250 + 1,000 =

250 mL = PL

9-8 Conversion of Measures

4) Express 3 kg 450 g in kilograms.

3 kg 450 g = 3kg + 0.45 kg 450 g = 0.45 kg

(b) 4L60mL=|

© Find the equivalent measures.

(k) 3m20cem=—

7) Dion ran 5 km on Monday, 3.2 km on Tuesday, and 900 m on Wednesday.

How many kilometers did he run on all three days altogether?

Exercise 8 + page 24 >

9-8 Conversion of Measures

Lesson 9
Mental Calculation

Think

(a) Use mental calculation to multiply 0.23 by 2,000.

(b) Use mental calculation to divide 6.8 by 200.

Learn

0.23 x 2,000 = 0.23 x 2 x 1,000

23 hundredths x 2 = 46 hundredths = 0.46
0.46 x 1,000 = 460

6.8 + 200 = 6.8

+ 2+ 100
68 tenths + 2 = 34 tenths = 3.4
3.4 + 100 = 0.034

6.8 + 200 = ie
What other methods could we use?

9-9 Mental Calculation

Do
@ (c) Multiply 0.5 by 300.

5 tenths x 3 = 15 tenths = 1.5

dc oex 100 =

0.5 x 300 =
(b) Multiply 0.005 by 3,000.

0.005 x 3,000 = 7)

© (a) Divide 0.9 by 300.

9 tenths + 3 = 3 tenths = 0.3

0.3+100=?

0.9+300=|7
(b) Divide 0.09 by 30.

0.09 = 30 =< aaa

> Multiply 0.27 by 30.

27 hundredths x 3 = 81 hundredths = 0.81

0:81 x 10=7?

027 «90 = I «10 =

9-9 Mental Calculation

 ©) Divide 4.5 by 300.
45 tenths + 3 = 15 tenths = 1.5
15+ 100='7

4.5 + 300 = +100=

@ Muttiply.
(a) 9x7 0.09 x 7 0.09 x 700

(bj 45: x2 0.045 x 2 0.045 x 2,000

© Divide.
(dm 5bi-6 5.6+8 5.6
+ 800

(b) 60-5 6+5 06+5 0.6

+ 50

€3 Find the values.

(a) 0.03
x 300 (b) 0.15
x 20 (c) 0.14
x 600

(d) 2.5
x 4,000 (e) 12+ 4,000 (f) 4.5 +500

(g) 3.6 +300 (h) 1.3

x 600 (i) 0.4+80

7
40 9-9 Mental Calculation
 Lesson 10
Practice B

x1) Find the values.

(a) 0.8x 10 (b) 0.05

x 100 (c) 0.009
x 1,000

(d) 0.347
x 10 (e) 0.086
x 100 (f) 4.302
x 1,000

(g) 6.23
x 1,000 (h) 27.3
x 1,000 (i) 0.4+10

Gy0s= 100 (k) 3+ 1,000 (l) 0.69 +10

(m) 30.4
+ 100 (n) 50+ 1,000 (0) 1,009
+ 1,000

@ Find the values.

(a) 0.002 x 400 (b) 0.06 x 500 (c) 2.6 x 2,000

(d) 0.72 x 30 (e) 0.8+40 (f) 54+ 9,000

(g) 4.2+700 (h) 0.51 +30 (i) 0.63

+90 x 200

© Find the equivalent measures.

(b) 3.85 cm =|

(d) 2,500 m = aa
(e) 345cm= iS | (f) 28mm=

9-10 Practice B
 @ (co) 8.375. = Re a mi
(b) 8.7 km =e
km (RR m

(c) 5.8 m = ae m FT cm

5 (a) 9m60cm= mm (b) 25km60m= km

(c) 10cm8mm= cm (d) 5kg5g= _—ikg

6) The distance around a running track is 0.4 km. Phillip ran around the
track 10 times each day for 10 days. How many kilometers did he run?

&e The weight of 100 identical marbles is 16 ounces. How many ounces
does one marble weigh?

8) Three packages weigh 1 kg, 0.8 kg, and 0.09 kg, respectively.

(a) What is the total weight of the three packages in kilograms?

(b) What is the total weight of the three packages in kilograms and
grams?

© The total capacity of 500 identical bottles is 250 L. What is the capacity
of one bottle in liters?

Exercise 10 + page 31 >

42 9-10 PracticeB -
The Four Operations of Decimals

What have we learned about decimal operations?

We can add and subtract decimals to hundredths.

14 3 1512
”
aA
047 462
Pero |) 265

1.26 1.25 We can divide a decimal by a whole

3 )3.78 4 )5.00 number when there is no remainder.
oO a
f ae | wonder what kinds of new
6 8
Tm ee computations we will learn.
18 20
18 20
@) 0 Ne)
Lesson 1
Adding Decimals to Thousandths

Think

For a science experiment, Alex and Sofia weighed some inflated balloons.
Alex’s balloon weighed 5.064 g. Sofia’s balloon weighed 3.756 g. How many
grams did both balloons weigh altogether?

5.064 + 3.756 =5+4

Together, the balloons weighed about 9 g.

Learn

Add the thousandths.

lh al oo WOO | 5.064
: 7 +3756
GO | : DO|lOCOCO 0

4 thousandths + 6 thousandths
= 10 thousandths
= 1 hundredth

10-1 Adding Decimals to Thousandths

Add the hundredths.

3
5.064
+ 3.756
20

1 hundredth + 6 hundredths + 5 hundredths

= 12 hundredths
= 1 tenth 2 hundredths

Add the tenths.

eae ® ‘al
le ely Gy Ge peeee oofooy 5.064
Leree pe ae ae + 3.756
820

1 tenth + 7 tenths = 8 tenths

Add the ones.

ed
220204 @@@@G@GO0O 5.064
+ 3.756
8.820

5 ones + 3 ones = 8 ones

8.820 = 8.82, so
Together, the balloons weighed sg. we can write the
answer as 8.82.

Don’t forget to write the decimal

point between the ones place and
the tenths place in the answer.

10-1 Adding Decimals to Thousandths

Do
@ Add 0.825 and 0.157.

0.825 Estimate first.

+ 0157 0.825 + 0.157 = 0.8 + 0.2 = 1

@) Add 0.675 and 0.135.

0.675
+ 0.1 35

@©}> Add 1.34 and 0.478.

1.340
+ 0478 1.34 = 1.340

@) Add 4.6 and 0.715.

4.600

toThousandths
© aq.

(a) 2.58 + 4.36

(b) 8.53 + 6.47

(c) 13.96 + 6.04

(d) 2.384 + 0.647

(e) 0.082 + 0.538

(f) 0.134 + 29.866

(oie 2.02374

Ghi)m024387422 122

A quarter is 0.069 inches thick, a nickel is 0.077 inches thick, and a dime
is 0.053 inches thick. A quarter, a nickel, and a dime are stacked on top
of each other. What is the height of the stack of coins?

Exercise 1 + page 35 be

10-1 ‘Adding Decimals to Thousondths

Lesson 2
Subtracting Decimals

In the science experiment, Emma’s balloon weighed 4.035 g. Dion’s balloon

weighed 3.146 g. How many more grams did Emma’s balloon weigh than
Dion’s balloon?

a 4.035 -3.146=4-3
My balloon weighed about 1 g more than Dion’s balloon.

Learn
Regroup from hundredths and subtract the thousandths.

15 thousandths — 6 thousandths = 9 thousandths |

10-2 Subtracting Decimals

There are no tenths to regroup from. |
Regroup from ones and subtract the hundredths.
9
3 1Q1215
4035.

seca e:
89

4 ones 2 hundredths = 3 ones 9 tenths 12 hundredths

12 hundredths — 4 hundredths = 8 hundredths

Subtract the tenths.

9 tenths — 1 tenth = 8 tenths

Subtract the ones.

3 11215
AKKR—«—- (@@@G@@/OOOOG 0000 4O35.
G@@G \©00 Oe mealds)
3 ones — 3 ones = O ones 0.889

Emma’s balloon weighed g more than Dion’s balloon.

Check your answer.

: oe

1: +3.146
eae 4.035

10-2 Subtracting Decimals

Do
@ Subtract 0.372 from 0.591.
0.59 1 Estimate the answer first.
- 0372 0.591 -— 0.372 =~ 0.6 - 0.4
ae : = Oe

© Subtract 0.384 from 0.534.

0.534
- 0384

3) Subtract 0.593 from 1.02.

ae 1.02=1.
02 = 1.020
= 0593

©) Subtract 0.075 from 1.3.

1.300
1.3
=1.300
=
0.075
_
5) Subtract 6.256 from 42.31.

6) Subtract.

(a) 4.75- 1.88

(b) 3.5-0.75

(c) 9-2.78

(ijn 0253,19-05378

(e) 2.004 - 0.326

(f) 2.74-0.293

(jm 0.0 —10:297

(h) 4-0.599

ee Celine wants to run a total of 10 miles in three days. She ran 2.6 miles
on Monday and 3.75 miles on Tuesday. How far does she need to run on
Wednesday?

Exercise 2 » page 37

10-2 Subtracting Decimals

Lesson 3
Multiplying by 0.1 or 0.01

Think

1 L of sand weighs 1.5 kg.

(a) How many kilograms does 0.1 L of sand weigh?

(b) How many kilograms does 0.01 L of sand weigh?

Learn
ee 1.5 oh Cer ee

(a)

15x01 =32 xt 1.5 = 15 tenths

15 tenths x 1 tenth =
= 5 (15 x 1) hundredths

=0.15 a

10-3 Multiplying by 0.1 or 0.01

10 units
—> 1.5 kg 1.5:x 0.1 =1.5 +10

1 unit —> 1.5 + 10 =0.15 kg ap

0.1 L of sand weighs kg.

es ae 1.5 KG ee

Con NT sets a De
?

1.5 = 15 tenths
1.5 x 0.01 = ~ x a5 15 tenths x 1 hundredth = (15 x 1) thousandths

sl15
~ 1,000
@
aA

=) Ono

100 units —> 1.5 kg 1.5 <x0.01=4162100

0.0 1.5
1 unit —> 1.5 + 100 = 0.015 kg 4V,V)

0.01 L of sand weighs kg.

| Do
@ (a) Multiply 0.3 by 0.1.
at x 0.1 © 3 tenths x 1 tent h
o1 ® = (3 x 1) hundredths
ot @

@ 2°", © 3 tenths x 1 hundredth

Ps = (3 x 1) thousandths

@® (c) Multiply
2.6 by0.1.

1@@~,@00 %&
©@@ @©O@
@@ @@
2.6 x 0.1 = ae

(b) Multiply 2.6 by 0.01.

 > (a) Multiply 85 by 0.1.
85 x 0.1 Ey)

(b) Multiply 85 by 0.01.

oe

© Muttiply. |

(a) 5x0.1 (b) 5x 0.01 |

(c) 0.5 x 0.1 (d) 0.05 x 0.1

(e) 50x 0.01 (f) 500 x 0.01
(g) 86x 0.01 (h) 0.70.1
(i) 0.08
x0.1 (j) 1.03
x0.1

(k) 480.3 x 0.01 (1) 3,500 x 0.01

5) 1 cup of rice weighs 0.18 kg. What is the weight of 0.1 cup of rice in
kilograms?

: Exercise 3 - page 40 >

40-3 Multiplying by 0.1-or 0.01

Maing b | :Decimal

Think
1 meter of pipe weighs 2.5 kg. How much does 0.9 meters of pipe weigh?

Learn

2.5x 0.9 = 3 x 1 so the answer

should be between 2 and 3.

_25x9 2.5 = 25 tenths

~ 100 25 tenths x 9 tenths
_ 225 = (25 x 9) hundredths
— 100

= 2.25

2.5x0.9= (25 x 0.1) x (9 x OF1}} 2.5x0.9= (25 x 9) x 0.01

= (25 x 9) x (0.1 x 0.1) ae

= 225 x 0.01

= 2.25

10-4 Multiplying by a Decimal

 25 x 9 is 100 times as much as 2.5 x 0.9.

x 0.9 np xO
x 100
220) ee et
Se ee
+ 100

203)
x 09
2.25

0.9 m of pipe weighs kg.

Multiply decimals the same way as

whole numbers. Place a decimal point
in the product according to the number
of decimal places being multiplied.

2.5 <— 1 decimal place

x 0.9 <1 decimal place
2.2 5 <—2 decimal places

10-4 Multiplying by a Decimal

Do

@ (c) Multiply 34 by 0.2.

O: ~2, OO xu,
Ou OO.:
Ou OOaa
ihe
ar

34 x 2=68
68x0.1=?

34 x 0.2 = ae

(b) Multiply 34 by 0.02.

@O: ~, OO... ~°", @@ OO

Ou @OOaa @@ ©©
Ou OOaa @©@ @@
@e ooo

34 x 2=68
68 x 0.01 =?

34 x 0.02 = ae

10-4 Multiplying by a Decimal

(2) (a) Multiply 1.5 by 0.4.

Peper os US) Te ee

a boner Ee

ea x 0:4 = - x -

~ 100

1.5 = 15 tenths
15 tenths x 4 tenths
= (15 x 4) hundredths

(b) Multiply 1.5 by 0.04.

Pine re te ee are NBD pits ieee ee

oy

Co
1252x 0.04 = 75 x 100

1.5 = 15 tenths
15 tenths x 4 hundredths
= (15 x 4) thousandths

10-4 Multiplying by a Decimal

| © Estimate the product of 68 and 4.3. Then find the actual product.

68 x4.3=70x4=

68 68 x 4.3 = (68 x 43) + 10

x 43 68

x 4.3 <1 decimal place

ee <— 1 decimal place

© Estimate the product of 13.5 and 2.4. Then find the actual product.

13.5x2.4=14x2=_

130 13.5 x 2.4 = (135 x 24) + 100

x 2.4 ES SO TE I
ae 1 3.5 <—1 decimal place
x 2.4 <1 decimal place
<2 decimal places

) 5) Estimate the product of 38.7 and 0.45. Then find the actual product.

387% 045=40x05-

x 0.45
38.7 —1 decimal place
x 0.4 5 <2 decimal places
e a <— 3 decimal places

10-4 Multiplying by a Decimal

6) Multiply. |

(a) 40x 0.7

(b) 0.4 x 0.7

(c) 0.14x0.8

(d) 0.06 x 0.3

(e) 8.2x 7.9

GieieO:65:x12.8

(g) 40.75 x 9.6

(hy 0240035 >G0'2 |

& The product of 882 x 37 is 32,634. Without calculating, find the

following products.

(a) 882 x 3.7 (b) 88.2 x 37

(c) 8.82 x 37 (d) 88.2 x 3.7

(e) 88.2 x 0.37 (f) 8.82x 3.7

Exercise 4 +» page 43 >

10-4 Multiplying by a Decimal

Lesson 5
Practice A

@ Ada.
(a) 0.28+0.4 (b) 0.47 + 0.86

(c) 0.205 +0.9 1.67 + 0.083

(e) 0.209 + 3.907 (f) 250.6 + 9.873

2] Subtract.

(a) 3:6 —0:8 (b) 42.5 -3.7

(c) 0.621 - 0.4 (d) 1.509 — 0.458

(e) 0.7-0.006 (f) 0.35 - 0.154

€ Multiply.

(a) 86x 0.9 (b) 257 x 4.5

(c) 38x 0.45 (d) 6.8 x 4.7

(e) 5.9 x 0.04 (f) 625 les

(g) 40.09 x 8.3 (h) 385.4 x 0.86

10-5 Practice A
 © Without calculating, tell whether each product will be greater than, less
than, or equal to 50.

(a) 50x0.8

(oe e250

(c) 0.98 x 50

(d) 50x 1.06

5) A dog weighs 12.8 kg. A cat weighs 3.57 kg. =

(a) How much do they weigh altogether?

(b) How much more does the dog weigh than the cat? |

6) Jade had 4.5 m of ribbon. She used 1.2 m of the ribbon to make bows
and 2.25 m of the ribbon to tie presents. How many meters of ribbon
does she have left?

& Jasmine has $8.40. Maria has 3.5 times as much money as Jasmine.
How much money do they have altogether?

8) Josef ran 4.25 km. Laila ran 2.8 times as far as Josef. How much farther
did Laila run than Josef?

. Exercise 5 » page 46 >

10-5 Practice A
Lesson 6
Dividing by a Whole Number — Part 1

Think
. LES

1.3 L of cranberry juice is poured equally into 2 cups. How much juice is in
each cup?

1.3 = 13 tenths
13 tenths + 2 ~ 12 tenths + 2 = 6 tenths
The answer should be close to 0.6.

Learn
1S

Regroup 1 one 3 tenths as 13 tenths. Write 0 in the ones |

place of the quotient 0.
and a decimal point Za Faas
between the ones
and tenths place.

10-6 Dividing bya Whole Number — Part 1

Divide the tenths by 2.

ot 0404)
0104040101)
—_
©
—

‘}04'04'01'01' 01)
8/8
=|8

13 tenths ~ 2 is 6 tenths with 1 tenth left over.

Regroup the remaining tenth as hundredths.

Write a 0 in the hundredths |O

— |
W oO

place of the number being ook

divided and continue to S

=\s

divide: 1:o°= 1.30

Divide the hundredths by 2.

1
IDOo
Ww|n
Yee OOih Colhieay?pas es
£0.01!! 0.011! 0.011! 0.01!! 0.01!
CaS EN PENA RN EN ELS:
= NO
s Yoee heie
£0.01!10.01!
!0.01!! 0.01!! 0.01!
We SEN SIN LP NIN ES

7S
OO

10 hundredths = 2 is 5 hundredths.

There are L of juice in each cup.

10-6 Dividing by a Whole Number — Part 1

Do

@ (a) Divide 0.2 by 5.

iy) (a) by 8.
26de
Divi 26+82724+8=3
ree The answer should be close to 3.
ae ee
g)2 6.0 0 26o0nes+8

20 tenths + 8

40 hundredths + 8

10-6 Dividing by a Whole Number — Part 1

 (b) Divide 2.6 by 8. | 26 tenths = 8
ae = 24 tenths + 8
neat e = 3 tenths
8 The answer should
be close to 0.3.

6 (a) Divide 7,650 by 25. 7,650 + 25 = 7,500 = 25 = 300

yaa
2 an 5 O- 76 hundreds
+ 25
ee ie
Cay:
Zi y

150 ones + 25
eee) SIE SEY,
ie Mey,
<

*e

76 ones + 25

150 hundredths + 25

10-6 Dividing by a Whole Number — Part 1

© Express 2as a decimal.

I oO ole ©
(Sy)
foo}
8)5.0 0 O 50tenths
+8
8
2a 0 20 hundredths + 8

4 QO 40 thousandths + 8

5) Estimate the values. Then find the actual values.

(aye sir 142 (b) 287.7 +42 (C\poBe 40

6) Divide.

(a) 0.3+4 (b) 24.71+5 (c) 67.68 +12

&a 6.2 L of water is poured equally into 8 containers. How many liters of
water is in each container?

Exercise 6 - page 50 ad

> Number — Part 1

Lesson 7
Dividing by a Whole Number — Part 2

Think
Express éas a decimal. | cannot express Aas a fraction
with a denominator of 10, 100,
or 1,000. | will divide.
Learn

f=2:3
0.66 0.666
3 ap — 3)200 — 3)2000
coe i i |
2 20 20 |
cS ie lB |
2 20 |
18 |
2

Rather than continuing to divide the remainder,

we can round the quotient to an approximate
value. To round the quotient to the second decimal
place, divide to the third decimal place and then
round to the second decimal place: 0.666 ~ 0.67.

Ais 0.67, correct to the second decimal place.

What would happen if we continue to divide?

0.6666...

10-7 Dividing by a Whole Number — Part 2

Do
gs Express 43 as a decimal correct to the second decimal place.

2) Divide 4.65 by 8. Express the quotient correct to the second decimal

place.

465+82=4+8=0.5
The answer should be close to 0.5.

465-82

10-7 Dividing by a Whole Number — Part 2

& Divide 4.29 by 16. Express the quotient correct to the second decimal
place.

4.29+16=4+20=0.2
The answer should be close to 0.2.

4) Express each fraction or mixed number as a decimal correct to the

second decimal place.

(a) 3 (b) ols (c) 12

5) Divide. Express the quotients correct to the second decimal place.

egy USES: (b)} 238

= 7. (cj 90 7,08 aie

(d) 5.4411 (e) 80.9+38 (f)n04:8.42

6) 30.5 lb of coffee are put equally into 12 bags. About how many pounds of
coffee are in each bag? Express the answer correct to 2 decimal places.

Exercise 7 « page 54 >

10-7 Dividing by a Whole Number — Part 2

Lessons ©
Dividing a \Vhole Number by 0.1 and 0.01

Think
This tape measure shows every 10 centimeters marked with red numbers.
10 centimeters = 1 decimeter

(a) How many decimeters are in 3 m? What is 3 + 0.1?

(b) How many centimeters are in 3 m? What is 3 + 0.01?

Learn
(a) 3+0.1=3+2 Dividing by 0.1 is the
aoe as as mung 2)the
reciprocal of 75 which is 10.
= 30

There are decimeters in 3 m.

(b) 3+0.01=3275 Dividing by 0.01 is the

Beco same as auplying by the
reciprocal of 795 which is 100.
= 300

There are centimeters in 3 m.

10-8 Dividing a Whole Number by 0.1 and 0.01

 = 0.1 = 0.01

(a) How many are in

.

1+0.1=)
|

(b) How many are in i

(c) How many fj are in !

i

1+0.01 = :
if

(d) How many fj are in

2=0.01=—

10-8 Dividing a Whole Number by 0.1 and 0.01

2) Divide 8 by 0.1.

© Divide 8 by 0.01.

8+0.01=8 x ie 8 +5 =8x?

= ee

©) Divide 15 by 0.1.

15+0.1 15 x

10-8 Dividing a Whole Number by 0.1 and 0.01

 5 (a) Divide
48 by0.1. | 48x10=?

48+0.1 =e
(b) Divide 48 by 0.01. 48 x 100=?

48 +0.01 = 9

@ (a) 6=0.1 (b) 10+0.1

(c) 40+0.1 (d) 75+0.1

(e) 100+0.1 (f) 7+0.01

(g) 10+0.01 (h) 95 +0.01

(i) 100+ 0.01 (j) 485

+0.01

(k) 4x0.1+0.1 (1)25.+ 0.01

x 0.1

A deciliter (dL) is 0.1 L. How many deciliters are in 9 liters?

| Exercise 8 + page 57 >

10-8 Dividing a Whole Number by 0.1 and 0.01

 Lesson9 ~~

Think

OLDE peep IDOLE apy eel ELUATE ceed i hp |PdSOLLUELY LL Sp II EID LLDLELE
Harry has 8 m of rope. He wants to cut the rope into 0.4 m long pieces. How many
0.4 m pieces of rope will he have?

Will the quotient be greater

than or less than 8? Why?

10-9 Dividing a Whole Number by a Decimal

 8+0.4
x to] ie 10

8024

If we multiply both the dividend and the

divisor by 10 we can divide with whole
numbers. The quotient will be the same.

Moving the decimal point the same number of

places to the right in both numbers gives the
same result as multiplying them both by the
same number. The quotient will not change.

He will have pieces of rope.

10-9 Dividing a Whole Number by a Decimal —

 = 0.1 = 0.01

(a) How many groups of are in

3+0.2

(b) How many groups of })§ are in

3+0.02=_

© Divide 15 by 0.3.

10-9 Dividing a Whole Number by a Decimal

© (a) Divide 4 by 0.8.
4+0.8
pat ee

40+?

4~+0.08
x 100 | Fg 100

400 +?

Is the quotient greater

than or less than 3? Why?
© Divide 8 by 0.7. Express the quotient correct to the second decimal place.

7)8 0.000 8 =0.7=80+7

ée Divide. Express quotients that have 3 or more decimal places correct to

the second decimal place.

(a) 4+0.5 (b) 20+0.4 (c) 819+0.9

(d) 1,988
=0.7 (e) 8+0.25 (f) 498+8.3
(g) 100+0.3 (h) 32+0.3 (ie edreniez

8) If 0.8 lb of shrimp cost $17, what does 1 lb of shrimp cost?

Exercise 9 + page 59 >

10-9 Dividing a Whole Number by a Decimal

Lesson 10
Practice B

C1) Divide. Express quotients that have 3 or more decimal places correct to
the second decimal place.

(a) 635 (b) 9+4

(c) 7+8 (d) 10.8+9

(e) 7.28 (f) 3.848+4

(g) 22-7. (h) 1.03+9

@ Divide. |

(a) 9+0.1 (b) 6+0.01

(c) 72+0.1 (d) 204 +0.01

& Divide. Express quotients that have 3 or more decimal places correct to
the second decimal place. | |

(a) 6+0.3 (b) 42+0.7

(c) 5+0.08 (d) 102+1.6

(e) 8042.3 (f) 209+0.35

10-10 Practice B
4) 10 m of cloth is cut into 4 equal length pieces. How long is each piece?

5) 11.2 L of water is poured into 7 containers equally. How many liters of

water are in each container?

Michelle has 48 L of apple cider. She wants to fill bottles with 0.8 L of
cider. How many bottles will she need?

@ A centiliter (cL) is 0.01 liters. How many centiliters are in 5 liters?

© It takes a road crew 4 hours to pave 0.8 miles of roadway. How many
hours will it take to pave 1 mile of roadway?

© Jessica has 12 lb of rice. She wants to fill bags so that each contain
0.25 lb of rice. How many bags can she fill?

@ (a) Write a word problem for 0.5 = 2.

(b) Write a word problem for 2 + 0.5.

Exercise 10 - page 62 De
Geometry

How do we use these geometry tools?

We can use a compass to compare

lengths, and also to draw arcs and circles.

a)

Ze Lia

We can use a set square to draw parallel lines.

*
. he e
ey
TUPLE EEE HELA {HELA YATE | La
UUSUeM eae ROR
aaPR a Oo Ml
Ole 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 W 12

We can use a protractor to What kind of angle is 2BAC?

measure and draw angles. Which scale on the protractor
should | use to measure it?

ae i HHCe
tntie, C

\Y 90 Ls
pe

WW
S Kan 400 | 80 70 5 VAGYZZ
SS
“Ss Z
“é
SS Z
S Zz
SS Z
S~¢ Z
10 NN
| 0 mn
0%oz
of:
Lesson 1
Measuring Angles

Think

(a) Estimate the size of the reflex angle a.

(b) Measure Za.

A reflex angle is an angle that
a is greater than a straight angle.
A straight angle is 180°.

Za is greater than 2 right angles and

less than 3 right angles so it’s between
180° and 270°. It’s closer to 270°.

Angle a is about

11-1 Measuring Angles

(b) Measure Za. ~ Zais 120° less than a full circle.

360°

eI)
My, ae 5 ob ERS
wy
YW
hing: .
hui, haha\\WSAS\)

Za = 360° — 120° = 240°

Za is 60° larger than a straight angle.

a S THAATHAY
YN if SS =
2, : oe Sf Sem Se
i ‘ \ Se b Oly fae —
et
aqa6 Ne
Ny
Ps eat 4
fe
oS
oS
Bae
Go.
~ ZNO Wee 4 Cae eae
SS

By,aa _— \eo Ser xy SSSS

Lie Sen Sin
Le, wr SS
OV ee a
Qe> aYS i
" yy
AN
hin.
il
. mn raat
An

Za = 180° + 60° = 240°

11-1 Measuring Angles

Do
ee Use a protractor to measure Zm. Then calculate the measure of Zn.

Estimate first. About how

many right angles are in Zn?

(2) Use a protractor to measure Zw. Then give the measure of Zx.

Estimate first.

11-1 Measuring Angles

 3) Estimate and then find the measure of each marked angle.
a

2902 = 99] LZ 09]

X0~0= 310°
360 °—/O
f
= 3509
9 Use the corners of the set squares to draw angles and mark the reflex
angles with an arc.

What are the measures of the reflex angles you drew?

11-1 Measuring Angles

 5) Draw a 250° angle. @

aun ny
wh oi" BO to Wy
Xww " s Sfp CD
SS Zs
See ee
Sa ae
sels
= 6

10
ae
ae 110 te)

i
"f°
70160 hantuatunt
9oft
oat

250°
360° — 250° = 110°

6) Draw angles with the following measurements.

(a) 100 saa : ws —-9 .

ice
(b) 295°

ee Draw an angle that measures between 180° and 360°. Exchange your
drawing with a friend and measure each other’s angles.
\
\
\

& f
OTe,
oe $e ::
“ eo
}© 0 = al Zz Ie 4 8 ws
\

7
eer aa ' e 2 . Se Se

Sht
‘

“SS
\

G .
| Exercise 1 - page 65 >

88 11-1 [Link] Angles

Lesson 2
Angles and Lines

Think
AB and CD are straight lines that intersect at Point U. ZAUC = 50°.

° Which angles make a

straight angle with ZAUC?

(a) What are the measures of 2CUB, ZBUD, and zAUD?

(b) What do you notice about the angles that are opposite each other?
oP? s te one are
(c) What is the sum of all four angles at the point of intersection?
260
Learn
(a) ZAUB and ZCUD are straight angles.

v The sum of the angles on a straight line is 180°.

ZCUB = ZAUB — ZAUC = 180° — 50° = 130°

ZBUD = ZCUD — ZCUB = 180° — 130° = 50°

ZAUD = ZAUB - ZBUD = 180° — 50° = 130°

11-2 Angles and Lines

(b) 2CUB = ZAUD The angles opposite
each other are equal.
ZAUC = ZBUD

(c)eoO + 50° + 130° + 50° = 360°

The sum of all the angles

around a point forms a complete
rotation, which is a 360° angle.

Angles next to each other are called adjacent angles. When two straight
lines intersect, the adjacent angles form a straight angle. Angles opposite
each other are called vertical angles. Vertical angles are equal.

adjacent Which other angles are

angles vertical angles? Which other
angles are adjacent angles?
U
vertical
angles

iw] Sp.
Sly

11-2 Angles and Lines

Do
GP Draw two lines that intersect. Label the angles q, r, s, and t.

Use a protractor to find the measures of each angle formed by the

intersection of the two straight lines.

(a) Which angles are the same size?

(b) Which angles form straight angles?

(c) Which angles together have a sum of 360°?

(2) EF is a straight line. What is the measure of ZHOG?

H G

Ps 50°
+ 40° + ? = 180°

11-2 Angles and Lines

 & What is the measure of 2x?

x
100° + 110° + ? = 360°

110°
100°

©) What is the measure of ZABD?

A

5) The three straight lines shown below intersect at one point. Find the
measures of Zk, Zl, 2m, and Zn.

| Exercise 2 » page 69 >

92 11-2 Angles and Lines

Lesson 3
Classifying Triangles

Think
How can we group these triangles based on their similarities?

[Link] 3cm

If | look at the lengths of the sides...

| can use a set square to see if the

angles are greater than, less than,
or equal to a right angle, and then...

11-3 Classifying Triangles

 Learn

We can classify triangles according to the lengths of their sides.

An equilateral triangle has 3 equal sides. Triangles B and D are equilateral

triangles.

6 cm 6 cm

3cm é 3cm

6 cm 38cm

An isosceles triangle has at least two equal sides. Triangles A and E are
isosceles triangles.

8cm 3cm

All equilateral triangles are also isosceles

triangles because any two sides are equal.

A scalene triangle has no equal sides. Triangles F and C are scalene triangles.

4cm 3cm

11-3 Classifying Triangles

We can classify triangles according to the size of their angles.

A right angle is equal to 90°. An acute angle is an

angle that is less than 90°. An obtuse angle is an
angle that is greater than 90° and less than 180°.

An acute triangle has three acute angles. Triangles E, B, and D are acute
triangles.

“AXA
An obtuse triangle is a triangle with one obtuse angle. Triangles A and F are
obtuse triangles.

How many obtuse angles 2s

can a triangle have?

A right triangle has one right angle. Triangle C is a right triangle.

How many right angles can a triangle have?

11-3 Classifying Triangles

Do
ay Use a compass or ruler to compare the lengths of the sides of each
triangle. Tell whether each triangle is an equilateral triangle, an
isosceles triangle or a scalene triangle.

ey Tell whether each triangle is an acute triangle, an obtuse triangle, or a

right triangle. Use a set square.

AN4 11-3 Classifying Triangles

© Triangle ACB is an isosceles triangle. CAB = 70°. What is the measure
of ZABC?

C
The angles opposite the
equal sides are equal.
em e nd

A - B

© Triangle DEF is an equilateral triangle. ZFDE = 60°. What is the measure

of ZDEF and ZEFD?

F
Sides FD and FE are equal.
So are sides FD and DE.

D ia E

5 XZ is a straight line. Triangle XWY is an isosceles triangle. What is the

measure of 2WYZ?

Which angles are equal?

Mes @
aA

ar ay >
Exercise 3 - page 73

11-3 Classifying Triangles

Lesson 4
The Sum of the Angles in a Triangle

Think
Use a ruler to draw a triangle and label the interior angles a, b, and c. Cut out
the triangle.

uN Try to make your triangle look different

from all your friends’ triangles.

a, ES
5s
Cut off the 3 angles of the triangle you cut out and arrange them as shown.

AS d-
What do you notice about the sum of the interior angles of a triangle?

Learn

Za+t+ Zb+ Zc = 180°

The three angles of the triangle formed

a straight angle. Did this happen with
the triangles your friends made too?

The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°.

11-4 The Sum of the Angles of a Triangle

Do
a What is the sum of the interior angles of each set square?

{ p
™
60,

- ; = << 4

€3 Measure the angles of each triangle. What is the sum of the angles?

—
a
11-4 The Sum of the Angles of a Triangle 99
3) Cut out and fold a right triangle as shown.

You can make a right triangle by

drawing a line from one corner of a
piece of paper to the opposite side.

X ~ wNy
I :( : ih \ ie Ks

What do you notice about the sum of the two angles that are not right
angles?

In a right triangle, the sum of

the two acute angles is 90°.

4) Triangle WYX is a right triangle. What is the measure of 2WXY?

Y
e

Wee

11-4 The Sum of the Angles of a Triangle

 5) Triangle BAC is an isosceles triangle. What is the measure of 2BCA?

ZRBC =7 BGR hy
180%=502);= 130°
180% + 2: =?

B C

6) What is the measure of all three angles in every equilateral triangle?

ee Find the measures of the unknown marked angles.

. Exercise 4 + page 76 >

11-4 The Sum of the Angles of a Triangle

Lesson 5 (5)
The Exterior Angle of a Triangle

Think
Draw a triangle. Cut it out and then use it to trace a copy. Label the interior
angles of both triangles the same. Use a ruler to extend one of the sides as
shown and label the new angle, as shown.

/\_\\<—— Exterior angle

(a) Cut off angles a and b of the triangle you cut out. Place the cut off angles
on top of Angle d. What do you notice?

iS

A Say
(b) Extend the other side of the triangle to form another exterior angle at the
same vertex. What can you say about the measure of Ze?

11-5 The Exterior Angle of a Triangle

Learn

(a) Zd=ZatZb Angles a and b are opposite

the exterior Angle d.

a &
(b) Ze=7d
Angles e and d are vertical angles, so
2e=/
0+ 2)
Ze = Zd. Since Zd = Za + Zb, then...

oe,
ee”
7
Gs

The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the interior angles
opposite it.

See if other exterior angles are equal to the

f
sum of the interior angles opposite each one.

11-5 The Exterior Angle of a Triangle

Do
A) The triangle below shows an exterior angle for each of the three vertices.
The measures of angles d and e are given.

(a) What is the measure of Zf ?

(b) Use the measure of Zf to find the measure of Zh.

(c) Which two angles together have the same measure as Zh ?

180°
- zf=Zd+ Ze
180%—-21
= Zh
So, Zh= Zd+ Ze

(d) What are the measures of 2g and Zi?

(e) Which two angles together have the same measure as 2g?

(f) Which two angles together have the same measure as Zi?

11-5 The Exterior Angle of a Triangle

 2) Find the measures of the unknown marked angles. All marked exterior
angles are formed by extending a side of the triangle.

115°
=

, Exercise 5 - page 81 >

11-5 The Exterior Angle of a Triangle

Lesson 6
Classifying Quadrilaterals

Think
(a) Ona geoboard make a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides as
shown below. What type of quadrilateral is it? Move Vertex B one unit to
the right. How many pairs of parallel sides does the quadrilateral now
have? What type of quadrilateral is it?

® 8 e @

® @ —— Dp e e

® @ ® ®

® ® e e ® ® & e @ ® r 6 © *

(b) Now move vertices A and B one unit to the left. What has changed?
What type of quadrilateral is it?

@ A - - 7 B e S a @

@ @ ® serenely @ ® e

6 D J C @ e Ss 6 ®

(c) Now move vertices B and C each one unit to the left. What has changed?
What type of quadrilateral is it?

@ A . = ~ oa B @ & & e

® ® & ome @ & & ®

D > “ C ® @ 8 8

@ e ® @ @ @ ® e g @ @ @ € &

11-6 Classifying Quadrilaterals

(d) Now move vertices B and D as shown. Does the quadrilateral still have
two pairs of parallel sides? Compare the lengths of the sides. What type
of quadrilateral is the new shape?

Learn

(a) This shape is a trapezoid.

A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides.

This shape is a parallelogram.

A parallelogram is a trapezoid with two pairs of parallel sides. Opposite
sides are equal in length.

(b) This shape is a rectangle.

al
A rectangle is a parallelogram with four right angles.

11-6 Classifying Quadrilaterals

(c) This shape is a square.
A square is a rectangle with four equal sides.

(d) This shape is a rhombus.

A rhombus is a parallelogram with 4 equal sides.

Squares are rhombuses

with four right angles.

We can show the relationship among quadrilaterals using the following diagram.

Quadrilaterals
Parallelograms

11-6 Classifying Quadrilaterals

Do
ep Copy and complete the table by putting a check in the appropriate spaces.

- ae 2 sets of noma All sides reat

Stand parallel Beate equal ee
parallel ee equal pales angles
sides length ]ng

Trapezoid v

Parallelogram

Rhombus

Rectangle

Square

@ Draw the following quadrilaterals on graph paper. Compare your

quadrilaterals with the ones your friends drew.

(a) A trapezoid with one pair of parallel sides.

(b) A parallelogram that is not a rectangle.

(c) Arhombus that is not a square.

(d) A rectangle.

(e) A square.

11-6 Classifying Quadrilaterals

 Which of the figures above are:

(a) trapezoids

(b) parallelograms

(c) rhombuses

(d) rectangles

Exercise 6 » page 85 >

110 11-6 Classifying Quadrilaterals

Lesson 7 (7)
Angles of Quadrilaterals — Part 1

Think
Use graph paper to draw a parallelogram. Label the angles.
Then cut it out.

Match the angles in different ways as shown.

a
<J- b a XN

What do you notice about the angles of the parallelogram?

11-7 Angles of Quadrilaterals — Part 1

Learn

Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.

Za=ZCc

Zo= 20

The sum of angles on the same side of a parallelogram is 180°.

Za+Zd= 180°

Zb
+ Zc = 180°

edit 26 — 007

Za+t+Zb= 180°

11-7 Angles of Quadrilaterals — Part 1

Do
> Put two similar set squares together as shown to make a quadrilateral
and trace around it. What are the measures of the interior angles?
What kind of quadrilateral is it?

@ Figure QRST is a parallelogram.

T S

Q R

(a) Which angles have equal measures?

(b) Which angles have a sum of 180°?

3) Find the unknown marked angle in each parallelogram.

= Le

We) x

11-7 Angles of Quadrilaterals — Part 1 113

4) In Trapezoid ABCD, sides DC and AB are parallel. Trace the trapezoid
twice and cut out both copies. Find pairs of angles that have a sum of
180%:

Za+Zd=180° Do angles c and d have a sum of

Z0+ Lo = 180" 180°? What about angles a and b?

11-7 Angles of Quadrilaterals — Part 1

5) In Trapezoid ABCD, sides AD and BC are parallel. What are the measures of
ZBCD and ZDAB?
D

6) Find the measures of the unknown marked angle in each rhombus.

(a) ex (b)

ae) /\ Cy,

ee Find the measures of the unknown marked angle in each trapezoid.

(b) [

V A
Exercise 7 « page 89 >

11-7 Angles of Quadrilaterals — Part 1

 Lesson 8
Angles of Quadrilaterals — Part 2

Think

Without measuring, find the sum of the angles of the quadrilateral.

We know the sum of the angles

of a triangle. In what different
ways can we divide the
quadrilateral into triangles?

A B

Learn
We can find the sum of the interior angles of a quadrilateral by dividing it into
triangles.

Method 1

| connected the points at opposite

D
vertices to make two triangles. The sum
of the angles of each triangle is 180°.

2 x 180° = 360°

11-8 Angles of Quadrilaterals — Part 2

 | drew a point on Side AB and made three
triangles. The angles that meet at the
point are not angles in the quadrilateral.

3 x 180° — 180°
= 540° — 180°

= 360°

| drew a point in the middle and made

four triangles. The angles that meet at the
point are not angles of the quadrilateral.

4 x 180° — 360° = 720° — 360°

= 360°

The sum of the interior angles of a quadrilateral is 360°.

roa No matter how many triangles we divide the

e quadrilateral into, the answer will be the same.

11-8 Angles of Quadrilaterals — Part 2

Do
Ge Put two set squares together to form a quadrilateral, as shown below.

NS

ane: a4
(a) What is the measure of each of the angles of the quadrilateral?

(b) What is the sum of the measures of the angles of the quadrilateral?

(2) Find the measure of the unknown marked angle.

360° — (80° + 60° + 90°)

11-8 Angles of Quadrilaterals — Part 2

es Find the measure of the unknown marked angles. All exterior angles are
formed by extending a side of the quadrilateral.

Exercise 8 » page 93 >

11-8 Angles of Quadrilaterals — Part 2 119

 Lesson 9
Drawing Triangles and Quadrilaterals

Think
Draw parallelogram ABCD with the given measurements.

D C

What tools could | use?

ON
6 cm

a
\)
Pe 100 n° Myy
& ~ 72p Vp
*%
%
O

My
a
Wi
c
(ei
0

120 11-9 Drawing Triangles and Quadrilaterals

 C
sthod 1 J , aw
yen
\ I|yy

ws ee. 90.0 ro, y

4cm Sai: 40 100 | 80 eh” to, Vy
S 5 ; ! se me 3 z 4
Nn oO CS se
=~5
S
Uf,
(j My aX
ON a
ore
=
Sac Oy wax\ S
ol

=
=— 9
= ised
:
ew
aes

4cm

6 cm B

| used a compass
to find the location
of Point C.

11-9 Drawing Triangles and Quadrilaterals

Do
@ Drow a trapezoid JKLM in which MJ is perpendicular to JK, JK = 8 om,
JM= 5 emeana’ZukKu— 40.

Draw a rough sketch

first to get an idea of
what it should look like.

Draw JK 8 cm long. Draw Line JM

perpendicular to JK at Point J 5 cm long. Draw ss
a line perpendicular to JM at Point M. Draw an
angle of size 45° to locate Point L.

G Draw an isosceles triangle with sides lengths of 8 cm, 8 cm, and 6 cm.

Draw the 6 cm side. Then open a compass

to 8 cm and use it to find the location of
the third vertex. Draw the other two sides.

8 cm

6 cm

11-9 Drawing Triangles and Quadrilaterals

©) Drow a triangle ABC in which AB = 6 cm, ZABC = 60°, and ZCAB = 40°.
C

60°
A B A B A B
6 cm 6 cm 6 cm

4) Draw a rhombus with one side 6 cm long and one angle of 55°.

6 cm

6 Draw each of the following triangles with the given measurements.

(a) 7 (b) =
9cm 7 cm

mi ae
11 cm 8 cm

(c)

7 cm
a)
10cm

Exercise 9 - page 96 >

11-9 Drawing Triangles and Quadrilaterals

Lesson 10
Practice

Ay Estimate and measure the size of each angle.

& Draw angles with the following measurements. Mark the angle.

(a) 200°

(b) 330°

11-10 Practice
© Two straight lines intersect as shown below. Za = 137°. What are the
measures of angles b, c, and d?

4) Find the measure of Zx in each figure.

(a) (b)

120°

: 250°

5 Tell whether each triangle is equilateral, isosceles, or scalene.

7 cm

4cm

6 cm 6 cm Sem
4cm
4cm
4cm

4cm

11-10 Practice
6) Find the missing interior angle measurement. Then tell whether each
triangle is acute, obtuse, or right.

7) Find the unknown marked angles for each figure. All exterior angles are
formed by extending a side of the triangle.

11-10 Practice
yay
a i
Which shapes above are...

(a) trapezoids?

(b) parallelograms?

(c) rectangles?

(d) rhombuses?

(e) squares?

(a) Find the measures of the unknown angles in the quadrilaterals above.

(b) Which figure is a trapezoid?

11-10 Practice
@ Find the measures of the unknown marked angles on each figure. All
exterior angles are formed by extending a side of the quadrilateral.

64°

@ Draw an equilateral triangle with side 10 cm.

12) Draw an isosceles triangle with the following measurements.

© Draw a parallelogram with the following measurements.

10cm

Exercise 10 - page 99 >

Data Analysis and Graphs

When the heights are evened out,

how many cubes will be in each stack?

a4
Lesson 1
Average — Part 1

Think
The picture graph shows the number of students who went to the school nurse
each day for a week.

Students Who Went to the Nurse’s Office

Monday Tuesday

Each © stands for 1 student.

Suppose the total number of students remains the same, but the same number
of students went to the nurse each day. How many students would have gone to
the nurse each day?

How can | even out the ©) so there are the same number for each day?

12-1 Average — Part 1

Learn

When we even out the values in a set of data, the evened out amount is
called the average of the values.

Students Who Went to the Nurse’s Office

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Each ® stands for 1 student.

We changed the amount
(7+4+8+5+6)+5=30-+5 in each group but not the
number of groups or the total.

On average,
:
students went to the nurse each day.

Average = Total Amount + Number of Values

The average of a set of values is always ae

AM
MA
between the smallest and greatest values.

12-1 Average — Part 1

 6) The bar graph shows the amount of juice in 6 bottles. What is the
average amount of juice in each bottle?

Amount of Juice in a Bottle

oz)
(fl
Juice

Bottle 1 Bottle 2 Bottle 3 Bottle 4 Bottle 5 Bottle 6

How can we even out the

amount of juice in each bottle?

(Qi 2 102d 14 ee) -

On average, each bottle has fl oz of juice.

& The table shows the number of books that were borrowed from the school
library each day for a week. What is the average number of books that were
borrowed each day?

Number of

We need to include Friday. Why?

12-1 Average — Part 1

& What is the average number of donuts on each plate?

| ime aati

Ce,
SS (So
Express the answer as a decimal or
as a mixed number in simplest form.

© The table shows the number of points won for 8 games. What is the
average number of points?

Gamo llator|iBehl acolbe 4X!foBowe Oolo|area MRO

Points | 14 10 11 8 16 2 15 8

Even when each value has to be a whole number,

does the average have to be a whole number?

12-1 Average — Part 1

 5) The table shows the heights of the students in the math club. What is the
average height of the students? Round the answer to the nearest centimeter.

| Student Height (cm)

Sergio
Zoya

Javier 138

Yovana 133

Larry - 130 qj

Rose 142

6) The table shows the number of books borrowed from a library each week
for 4 weeks. What was the average number of books borrowed each week?

Week Number of Books

1 i,o0n
2 2,034
3 1,849
| 4 2,112

7) Alex ran a total distance of 17.5 miles in 7 days. What is the average
distance he ran each day?

© The lengths of 3 ropes were marked as 12 ft, 10 ft 3 in, and 95 ft. What is
the average length of the 3 ropes?

Exercise 1 - page 103 >

134 12-1 Average — Part 1

Lesson 2
Average — Part 2

Think

Attempt Distance (ff)

Dion made 4 long jumps. His average jump was 4.5 ft. On the first 3 jumps
he jumped 4.3 ft, 4.6 ft, and 5.2 ft. How long was his fourth jump?

_ What is the total distance ofall of his jumps?

es ¢ £6 4

12-2 Average — Part 2

Learn

Suppose that each jump was 4.5 ft.

Average x Number of Values = Total

CR as, Total Distance Rane a see

Total Distance = 4.5 x 4= 18 ft

a ee aa ama 18 Ges ees cad

ag Hore , 46 a cats 5.2 at See ie ase See aes

434+46+52+7=18

Distance of fourth jump = 18 — (4.3 + 4.6 + 5.2)

=18- 14.1

= 3.9

His fourth jump was ft.

12-2 Average — Part 2

Do
ot) Emma walked a different distance each day for 3 days. The average
distance she walked each day was 6.5 miles. What was the total
distance she walked?

G20 Mi Gi) Mie.

Average Distance x Number of Days

= Total Distance

2) The students in the math club spent a total of $136 to buy several
different scientific calculators. The average cost for each calculator
was $17. How many calculators did they buy?

Total Cost + Average Cost

= Number of Calculators

EP Antonio drove 15 h 20 min total in 2 days. On average, how much time

did he spend driving each day?

Oy 15h=2
20 min + 2

12-2 Average — Part 2

4) The average length of two ribbons is 32 cm. The length of one of the
ribbons is 28 cm. What is the length of the other ribbon?

Total Length = 2 x ?

5) Sofia accidentally spilled grape juice on her math progress report.

What was her score for Test B?

Test A 95 The total number of points is...

ry

Test B

Test C 87

Average oA

6) Jessie bought 4 shirts. The average cost of 3 of the shirts was $14.80.
The fourth shirt cost $24. What was the average cost of all four shirts?

First, | need to find the total cost of all 4 shirts.

Exercise 2 + page 106

12-2 Average — Part 2

Lesson 3
Line Plots

Think
Sofia planted some pea seeds. A week after they sprouted, she measured
the height of the seedlings to the nearest iinch and recorded the data in a
line plot.

Height of Seedlings 1 Week after Sprouting

@ ®

@ @ @ e @

6) 1 2 3
Height (inches)

(a) What is the difference in height between the shortest seedling and the
tallest seedling?

(b) What is the height where most of the data is clustered?

(c) Find the average height of the seedlings.

Each dot represents one value in the data set.

a> By looking at the line plot it looks

like the average is around...

12-3 Line Plots

 The difference in height between the shortest and tallest seedling is
inch.

(b) Most of the data is clustered around 15 inches.

10
(c) (2x3)+1 +14 +(3x 13) + 12=

Average height of the seedlings: 10 + 8 = *

Height of Seedlings 1 Week after Sprouting

—_—_+—}—_+—__|}_+—__}_+—_+—_+_+—_
+_}—
0 ie 2 3
Average Height Height (inches)

The average height of the seedlings is inches.

12-3 Line Plots

Do
a The table shows the average rainfall in Mumbai, India over a two-week
period in April to the nearest half of a centimeter.

i Daily Rainfall (cm)

[
3 il
35 2 0 a
15 a5 u
25

1 1 1 1
4 3 3 25 35 4 45

(a) The first two values have been plotted on the line plot. Copy and
complete the line plot.

Daily Rainfall During 2 Weeks in April

1 1 1 1 1
5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5

Daily Rainfall (cm)

(b) What is the difference between the least amount of rainfall (other
than no rainfall) and the greatest amount of rainfall?

(c) Find the average rainfall in centimeters. Express the answer as a

mixed number.

12-3 Line Plots

2) A car manufacturer wanted to find the amount of time it takes their new
car model to go from 0 miles per hour to 60 miles per hour. They ran 10
trials. The results in seconds are shown in the table below.

Time (seconds)

Copy and complete the line plot.

Car Times from 0 mph to 60 mph

ft
tt tt ttt tt
3S) 6 Te
Time (Seconds)

What is the difference between the slowest time and the fastest time?

Around what time were most of the times clustered?

Find the average time, rounded to the first decimal place.

What time is significantly different from the other times? How do

you think this affected the average?

12-3 Line Plots

& The table below shows the heights of 10 girls to the nearest inch at the
beginning of third grade and at the beginning of fifth grade.

Name Third Grade Height (in) Fifth Grade Height (in)

Rosa 50 54

Jasmine 48 53

Ashley 52 geal a.

Victoria 45 49

Priya oy 57

Sarah 49 53

Laila om 56

Edith 47 Sil

Natalia 50 54

Jia Sil 315)

(a) Make two line plots, one for the heights in third grade and another
for the heights in fifth grade.

(b) By looking at the line plots, what height would you choose as a
typical height for the girls in third grade? What height would you
choose as a typical height for the girls in fifth grade?

(c) By comparing the line plots, what was a typical increase in height
for the girls from third grade to fifth grade?

Exercise 3 - page 110 >

12-3 Line Plots

Lesson 4
Coordinate Graphs

Think
Sofia and Mei are playing a game. They hide their game boards from each
other and place 3 pins on any point where the grid lines intersect. Then they
take turns guessing the locations of the other player’s pins by starting at 0
and moving horizontally and then vertically.
Sofia’s Gameboard Mei’s Gameboard
10 10
9 9
8 8
7h 1

T T6
8 5 8 5
= 4 = 4
> 3 a 33
2 2
1 1

UE oe AN 5a G71 enOn0 Ue 7 2364 eesonIG

Horizontal — Horizontal —>

5 units in the horizontal direction Miss! Now it’s my turn. 6 units

and 2 units in the vertical direction. in the horizontal direction and
4 units in the vertical direction.

Did Sofia get a hit or a miss?

12-4 Coordinate Graphs

 Learn

We can express the location of a point in two-dimensional space using two

number lines called axes on a coordinate graph. Points are named using a
pair of numbers called coordinates.
Sofia’s Gameboard Mei’s Gameboard

9 9
8 8
“ if: ale (.
a6 A (4,6) a6
So 3°
5 43
> e B (3,3) C (9,2)
3PS 4
2 ® 2
| |
Co el i ae

CM eee 5 G7 8H On 1 {21-3 a5 aGeye or

Horizontal Axis Horizontal Axis

The first coordinate tells how many units away from 0 the point is on the
horizontal axis. The second coordinate tells how many units away from 0 the
point is on the vertical axis.

The origin is the point where the two axes intersect, and has the coordinates
(0, 0).

We can write the position of Point A as

(4, 6). From the origin, it is located 4
units in the horizontal direction and 6
units in the vertical direction.

How are the locations of yea

Points A and F different? @.

12-4 Coordinate Graphs

 @ The map shows the distance in nautical miles of different boats from
the lighthouse.

Tugboat
°

Patrol boat
on @ @

Sailboat
Axis
Vertical

0 jee 3s 45. Ge eens) oor 10

Horizontal Axis

Use coordinates to express the position of:

(a) The fishing boat

(b) The sailboat

(c) The tugboat

(d) The patrol boat

12-4 Coordinate Graphs

2 Which point corresponds to each set of coordinates?

(d) (8, 4) (e) (4, 8) (f) (0, 9)

3] Use 1-cm graph paper and a ruler to draw a coordinate graph. Then plot
and label the following points: A (2, 2), B (2, 8), C (7, 8).

(a) Connect the points to make a triangle.

(b) Find the area of the triangle.

Exercise 4 - page 113 >

12-4 Coordinate Graphs

Lesson 5
Straight Line Graphs

Think
Use an equilateral triangle. Place other equilateral triangles one at a time on

Wy f
the right side as shown and record the perimeter of each figure in the table.

Number of Triangles 1 2 S 4 s) | 6

Perimeter (units) 3

(a) Complete the table. How does the perimeter change each time one
triangle is added to the figure?

(b) Write the numbers in each column as coordinate pairs, for example,
(1, 3). Then plot the points on a coordinate graph and connect the points
with a line. What kind of line is it?

(c) What is the perimeter for 8 triangles?

Learn

(a) Each time 1 triangle is added the perimeter increases by 1.

+1
Za
Number of Triangles 1 2 &) | 4 | 5 6 |

Perimeter (units) 4 5 | 6 | 7 8 |
Na
+1

12-5 Straight Line Graphs

 (b) We can write the relationship between the number of triangles and the
perimeter using the coordinate pairs (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5), (4, 6), (5, 7),
and (6, 8). When we show this relationship on the coordinate graph it
forms a straight line.
i (=

We can draw a line through the

points to show the relationship
between the coordinates, even
though there are no data points
between the whole numbers.

(units)
Perimeter

O
Ff
DN
©
0
-
=

(2)
Vie oa eee lea SO Be BO 1.0)
Number of Triangles a h

(c) Perimeter for 1 triangle 3 1+2=3

Perimeter for 2 triangles — 2+2=4

Perimeter for 3 triangles — 3+2=5

Perimeter = Number of Triangles + 2

Perimeter for 8 triangles —> 8 + 2= 10

We can also find the perimeter

for 8 triangles by extending
the straight line on the graph.

12-5 Straight Line Graphs

 Do
e The line graph shows the relationship between the amount of electricity
used by an electric car in kilowatts and the distance the car travels in miles.

Electrical power is measured

in units called watts. A kilowatt
(kW) is equal to 1,000 watts.

(kW)
Used
Electricity
2 4°96 8 10 12°14 16 18°20 22 24826728 30) 3273436
Distance Traveled (mi)

(a) When the distance increases by 6 mi, the electricity used increases
by kW.

(b) Complete the table using the points in the graph.

Electricity Used (kW)

(c) What is the relationship between the number of miles and the
number of kW?

(d) How much electricity will the car use if it travels 1 mile?

12-5 Straight Line Graphs

 (e) How much electricity will the car use if it travels 7 miles?

(f) How far will the car travel if it uses 9 kilowatts of electricity?

(g) How far will the car travel if it uses 20 kilowatts of electricity?

(h) If 1 kilowatt of electricity costs 12 cents, how much does it cost to

drive 30 miles?

ee On a certain day the exchange rate between US dollars (USD) and

Malaysian ringgits (MYR) is 1 USD for 4 MYR.

(a) Complete the table.

US Dollars (USD) 2 4 8

Malaysian Ringgits (MYR) 8 24 36

(b) Draw a line graph for this data. Label the horizontal-axis US
dollars and the vertical-axis Malaysian ringgits.

(c) How many MYR would someone get for exchanging 5 USD?

(d) How many USD would a person get for exchanging 44 MYR?

(e) How many USD would a person get for exchanging 50 MYR?

Exercise 5 - page 116 >

12-5 Straight Line Graphs

 Lesson 6
Practice

@ What is the average length of the earthworms?

& Emma recorded the highest temperature to a whole number of degrees

each day for a week in her town and displayed the data in a bar graph.
What was the average high temperature for the week?

Highest Temperature Each Day

80

70

(°F)
Temperature

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri Sat

Day

12-6 Practice
© In a carton of 12 large eggs, the average weight of an egg is 52 g. What
is the total weight of the eggs?

4) The average weight of 2 packages is 2.7 lb. The average weight of

3 packages is 1.4 lb. What is the average weight of all 5 packages?
Round your answer to the first decimal place.

5 The average height of 4 girls is 1 m 48 cm. A fifth girl is 1 m 53 cm tall.

What is the average height of the 5 girls?

6) Jenna weighed 10 marbles and recorded their weights to the nearest

0.5 g in a table.

Marble Weights (grams)

5.0 4.5 | 6.0 5:5 | 4.5

4.0 Ss | 4.5 || a0 SHS)

Make a line plot and plot the data from the table.

What is the difference between the weights of the lightest and the
heaviest marbles?

Around what value is most of the data clustered?

In this data set, what is the average weight of a marble?

12-6 Practice
| 7) What are the coordinates of each point on the graph below?
10
ice)

—=-
©
N
fH
OW

S
irene 242 516277
6 9-10

© 1-inch square tiles are placed together as shown.

ae ne eee me eee Ri :

(a) How does the perimeter change each time one square is added to
the figure?

(b) Write 5 coordinate pairs (number of squares, perimeter) for 1, 2, 3,

4, and 5 squares. Use the coordinate pairs to draw a line graph.

(c) What is the perimeter for 25 squares?

© The average height of 5 children is 1 m 28 cm. The average height of all

5 children along with 2 more children, Amy and Brianna, is 1 m 30 cm.
Brianna is 16 cm shorter than Amy. How tall is Brianna?

Exercise 6 + page 120 >

154 12-6 Practice

 Review 3

~ @ Find the values

(a) 45+5x3 (b) 45+(5x3)

(c) (500-80)
+4 (d) 500-80+4

(e) (86-15+5x2)-15+3-5

(f) (3,000 + 8,000) x 90 = (1,400 - 500)

(2) Find the values. Express each answer in simplest form.

(a) 24-2 (b) 5y-(§x2)

(c) 6+3 (d) 3=6

(e) (45 x 15) - (Gx 15) (f) (15-9)

x(4 x23)

+ (3 x0.1)
(a) (7 x 0.001) (b) a a a

(c) 5.6+700 (d) 8.27.8

(e) 3.8x 0.29 G) Of SOR

89
(g) 0.64+4x (h) 0.08 +75

Review 3
4) Find the equivalent measures.

(a) 340 cm = ag ™ (b) 20L60mL= tt

(c) 1.8kg= g (d) 500cm= km

5) Divide. Express the quotients correct to the second decimal place.

(a) -70=3

(b) 64+0.6

(ey A) see

id }RERe

6) Order the numbers from least to greatest.

@Q) 128, O12 1 Se sae

43 9

4 Seer
(b) 9 0.45, 11° 1,000" 0.54

éa Find the area of each figure.

6 cm

VY 17cm

Review 3
© Find the volume of the solid figure.
16 cm
€ =

4 cm

© Use graph paper and a ruler to draw a coordinate graph with 10 units
for each axis. Then plot and label the following points: A (0, 4), B (7, 3),
C (9, 7), and D (2, 8). Draw a straight line from A to B, B to C, C to D,
and D to A. What figure did you draw?

10) A rectangle with a length of 3 cm and a width of 1 cm has an area of 3 cm?.

(a) Draw a line graph to show how the area changes when the width
changes to 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm. Make the horizontal axis
the width, and the vertical axis the area.

(b) What will be the coordinates of the point for an area of 48 cm??

(c) If the line is extended, will it go to the origin?

@ Four packages weigh 1 kg 800 g, 2 kg 60 g, 1 kg 4g, and 2 kg 504 g.

What is their average weight in kilograms and grams?

Review 3
 12) A blue, a red, a green, and a pink suitcase were each packed and
weighed. The blue suitcase weighed 47 lb, the red suitcase weighed
56 lb, the green suitcase weighed 54 lb, and the pink suitcase weighed
39 lb. How could the weight be moved between the suitcases so that
they all weigh the same?

13) Nicole has test scores of 83, 85, 92, 96, and 82. What must the average
score on the next three tests be so that the average score on all eight
tests is at least 90?

14) A rectangular container has a length of 10.0 cm, a width of 9.0 cm, and
is filled with water to a height of 8.0 cm. After 8 identical marbles were
put in, the height rose to 11.2 cm. What is the volume of one marble?

NG cm

11.2 cm

9cm

15) Two ropes, A ong B, were the same length a first. After cutting 25 m from
Rope A and 12 m from Rope B, Rope B is 15 times as long as pane A. How
long was oe rope at the start? Express ie answer as a decimal.

Exercise 7 - page 123 >

158 Review 3
Chapter 13
Ratio

Lemon Tea _ Teriyaki Sauce

—Lemonade —1 c soy sauce

—Unsweetened iced tea —1 c water
-} c brown sugar
Mix 4 cups of lemonade with 6 cups of
unsweetened iced tea. Pour over crushed Mix all the ingredients together and simmer
ice and serve. until slightly thickened.

Brown Rice Chicken Teriyaki

—2 c brown rice —3 lb boneless, skinless chicken thighs

—4 c water —2 c teriyaki sauce (see Teriyaki Sauce
—1 tsp salt recipe)

Boil the water in a pot. Add the salt and Bake chicken at 350 degrees for 30
rice to the pot. Cover and cook on low heat minutes. Pour teriyaki sauce over chicken.
for 25 minutes. Lower heat to 300 degrees and cook for 15
more minutes.

| wonder if this will make enough food for the party.

If we have to make more than what

the recipe calls for, how can we know
how much of each ingredient to use?
Lesson 1
Finding the Ratio

Think
Alex and Mei are making salad dressing.

We each want to make 9 Tbsp of dressing.

Salad Dressing
Mix 2 Tbsp olive oil with 1 Tbsp red wine vinegar.
Add salt and pepper to taste.

Alex mixes 2 Tbsp of oil and 1 Tbsp of vinegar. He continues to add 2 Tbsp of oil
and 1 Tbsp of vinegar successively until he has 9 Tbsp of dressing.

Mei mixes 2 Tbsp of oil and 1 Tbsp of vinegar. She continues to add 1 Tbsp of oil
and 1 Tbsp of vinegar successively until she has 9 Tbsp of dressing.

Whose dressing will taste the same as the original recipe?

We both made 9 Tbsp of dressing

but they don’t taste the same.

13-1 Finding the Ratio

Learn

Alex’s dressing
There are 2 units of oil for every
1 unit of vinegar. The taste is
the same as the original recipe.

Mei’s dressing
There are not 2 units of oil for every
1 unit of vinegar. The taste is not
the same as the original recipe.

Alex’s dressing tastes the same because, like the original recipe, there are 2
units of oil for every 1 unit of vinegar. We say that the ratio of oil to vinegar is 2
to 1, and we write itas2: 1.

2 and 1 are the terms of the ratio.

Ot I ies is 2 times as much

Vinegar oil as vinegar, and 4 as
much vinegar as oil.
The ratio of oil to vinegar is 2: 1.
a
The ratio of vinegar to oil is 1 : 2.
y

What is the ratio of the oil to the total liquid?

13-1 Finding the Ratio

 —

There are 4 yellow birds and 3 red birds in a tree.

(a) The ratio of yellow birds to red birds is 4:

(b) The ratio of red birds to yellow birds is »4.

On a class field trip there is 1 adult chaperone for every 5 children.

(a) The ratio of adults to children is

(b) The ratio of children to adults is a

(c) The ratio of children to the total people is

13-1 Finding the Ratio

 Emma bought 4 packs of orange clay and 3 packs of blue clay. What is
the ratio of orange clay to blue clay?

If we consider each pack of

clay as 1 unit, the ratio is...

4) The width of a strip of paper is 5 inches and the length of the paper is 1 foot.
What is the ratio of the width to the length of the paper?

aa ar 7
1 ft

To compare measurements using a

ratio, the terms need to be expressed
in the same unit of measurement.
Tih
= 7 in

13-1 Finding the Ratio

 5) Jessica saved 3 times as much money as David.

David

ry How many units of money does each person have?

(a) What is the ratio of Jessica’s savings to David’s savings?

(b) What is the ratio of David’s savings to Jessica’s savings?

(c) What is the ratio of David’s savings to the total savings?

6) Marcos has 3as many marbles as Kai.

Marcos

ee How many units of marbles does each person have?

(a) What is the ratio of Marcos’s marbles to Kai’s marbles?

(b) What is the ratio of Kai’s marbles to Marcos’s marbles?

(c) What is the ratio of Kai’s marbles to the total marbles?

Exercise 1 - page 133 >

164 13-1 Finding the Ratio

 Lesson 2
Equivalent Ratios

_ Think
Mei is making the Lemon Tea.
What will be the ratio of
Lemon Tea cups of lemonade to cups of
ee arade iced tea for each mixture?
—Unsweetened iced tea

Mix 4 cups of lemonade with 6 cups

of unsweetened iced tea. Pour over
crushed ice and serve.

Makes 10 one-cup servings.

(a) Howcan she make 20 servings of this recipe?

(b) How can she make 5 servings of this recipe?

Learn

(a) To make 20 servings she needs to double the amount of each

ingredient. The ratio of lemonade to iced tea will be 8 : 12.

Lemonade Iced Tea

ww wwe
; | x2
ale[x2
ww iwww i YY
ww wu
ww ilwwe

13-2 Equivalent Ratios

(b) To make 5 servings she needs to halve the amount of each ingredient.
The ratio of lemonade to iced tea will be 2: 3.

Lemonade Iced Tea 4:

ww\www af|

2:3,4:6, and 8: 12 are equivalent ratios.

Lemonade Iced Tea Lemonade Iced Tea

Lemonade Iced Tea

| J
Mhi

In each ratio there are 2 units of

lemonade for every 3 units of iced tea.

A
To make equivalent ratios, multiply or divide both terms by the same
number. The simplest form of the ratios 8 : 12 and 4: 6 is 2: 3.

A ratio is in its simplest form when each

term has no common factor other than 1.

13-2 Equivalent Ratios

Do
sh Use 6 red and 9 yellow counters.

(a) What is the ratio of the total number of red counters to the total
number of yellow counters?

Make groups of 3. Each group should have the same color counters.

What is the ratio of groups of red counters to groups of yellow

counters?

(c) What is the simplest form of the ratio 6 : 9?

2) Find the equivalent ratios.

13-2 Equivalent Ratios

 3) Express the ratio 20 : 16 in simplest form.

20:16= : ; 20:16

© Express the ratio 56 : 42 in simplest form.

06 : 42 = Ge :

6) Write each ratio in simplest form.

foe 0-25 (b) 40:8

(c) 9:12 (d) 24:36

Exercise 2 - page 137 >

168 13-2 Equivalent Ratios

 Lesson 3
Finding a Quantity

_ Think

M0 Ay
a
WHEATORGANIC

% —

The ratio of rye flour to wheat flour in a bread recipe is 3 : 4. Olga wants to
make a loaf of bread with 500 grams of wheat flour. How many grams of rye
flour does she need?

i ome s Be ee ae Pe Pre aie Bo aired pel: Bee eke

4 units —> 500 g

1 unit —> 500 + 4= 125g

3 units— 125 x 3=375g

She needs grams of wheat flour.

13-3 Finding a Quantity

The ratio of the length of a red ribbon to the length of a blue ribbon is
5 : 3. The red ribbon is 85 cm long. How long is the blue ribbon?

5 units —> 85 cm

1 unit — 85+5= cm

3 units —> 3 x Be = cm

The ratio of Winston’s savings to Jackie’s savings is 2 : 3. Their total

combined savings is $255. How much money did Winston save?

eg (a eee

$255
[2
vockie ee -
5 units
—> $255

1 unit
—> $

2 units > $

jAS6 Finding aQuantity

& The ratio of the length to the width of a rectangle is 4 : 3. The length of
the rectangle is 52 cm. What is the area of the rectangle?

4) The ratio of the volume of water in a pitcher to the volume of water in a

bottle is 3 : 1. The pitcher contains 825 mL. How many milliliters of water
are in the bottle?

5] Eliza and Abigail are sharing 56 sports cards in a ratio of 3 : 5. How many
cards will each person get?

6) A string that is 98 cm long is cut into 2 pieces in a ratio of 4 : 3. What is

the length of each piece?

&e Jason is making ice cream. The ratio of heavy cream to whole milk in the
recipe is 4: 1. Jason wants to use 2 quarts of milk. How many gallons of
heavy cream will he need?

Exercise 3 - page 140

13-3 Finding a Quantity

Lesson 4
Comparing Three Quantities

Think
Alex is using the following recipe to make fruit punch.

Super Fruit Punch

—8 c club soda
—4 c grape juice
—2 c orange juice

Mix all the ingredients together and pour over ice.

He only has 1 cup of orange juice. How much club soda and grape juice
should he use?

Learn

The ratio of club soda to grape juice to orange juice can be expressed as
8:4:2. We read the ratio 8: 4:2 as 8 to 4 to 2.

Club soda

Orange juice Poe

13-4 Comparing Three Quantities

 Alex has only 1 cup of orange juice and the recipe
calls for 2 cups. 1 cup is half of 2 cups. If we divide
the amount of each ingredient by 2 we will make
half the amount of punch as the original recipe.

O»
A~A

cs ie
eae ated i os fo ett

Alex should use cups of club soda and cups of grape juice.

3-4 =2
de 2 | 2 | 2 2 is a common factor of 8, 4, and 2.

Ameen il

The simplest form of the ratio8: 4: 2is4:2: 1.

4, 2, and 1 do not have a

common factor other than 1.

13-4 Comparing Three Quantities

Do
ae Use cubes of three different colors as shown.

(a) What is the ratio of the total number of yellow cubes to the total
number of green cubes to the total number of red cubes?

(b) Make groups of 3 of the same color cubes.

What is the ratio of groups of yellow cubes to groups of green cubes

to groups of red cubes?

(c) What is the simplest form of the ratio 9 : 3 : 6?

2 Find the missing values.

13-4 Comparing Three Quantities

© Write the ratio 24 : 18 : 12 in simplest form.

PS TOS Bo tae
+2 L*?

y*3 f+3
= 12 lee:

Sede Vie ame

2, 3, and 6 are common

factors of 24, 18, and 12.

24:18:12=—

@ Find the missing values.

(a)i 38. 2)54 = : 20

ibe bec= oc fF

(ce) 16e Ole — Oe

© Write each ratio in simplest form.

Co) eae Oe 2.

(by eon2o: 15

(oyOO alOrnl 2

(d) 14:21:42

13-4 Comparing Three Quantities

 6) The ratio of ginger to cumin to turmeric in a curry mix is 2: 3: 4. If we
use 6 teaspoons of ginger how many teaspoons of each of the other
spices do we need?

Tee 6 tsp.

ee A winter squash weighs 2 lb. A potato weighs 10 oz. A cucumber weighs

12 oz. What is the ratio of the weight of the winter squash to the weight
of the potato to the weight of the cucumber?

The units have to be the same.

1b =-16'0z

Exercise 4 - page 143 > we

176 13-4 Comparing Three Quantities

Lesson 5
Word Problems

—_|=I =) aA

pRETremmar
Bs
at
easy

eet
Pears
Caer
et BE
en
a
ey
Dak

ROR
AR
cere
Se

eee
AE eeLAA
upae
fei
aR e
ne
ccaPaO
Cane
te
Mchue
ck
pS
Sey eerie
ESR
eee
ere

A bookstore sells fiction books and non-fiction books. The ratio of non-fiction
books to fiction books is 7 : 4. There are 189 more non-fiction books than
fiction books. How many books are there altogether?

Learn

Non-fiction

Fiction

3 units
— 189

1 unit — 189 +3=63

11 units
— 11 x 63 = 693

There are books altogether.

13-5 Word Problems

Do
a The ratio of Daniel’s to Yusuf’s to Liam’s savings is 4 : 5 : 3. Their total
savings is $540. How much money did Liam save?

ot a! so:

12 units —> $540

1 unit — ?
3 units — ?
®

The ratio of silver-colored coins to copper-colored coins in Esther’s coin

collection is 4: 1. There are 54 fewer copper-colored coins than silver-
colored coins. How many silver-colored coins are in her collection?

13-5 Word Problems

The ratio of boys to girls in a swim club is 3 : 7. There are 84 more girls
than boys. How many children are in the swim club?

7
Girls

The ratio of the weights of Mom’s packed suitcase to Dad’s packed suitcase
to Junior’s packed suitcase is 5 : 3: 4. Mom’s suitcase weighs 15 lb more
than Dad’s suitcase. How much does Junior’s suitcase weigh?

13-5 Word Problems

 © The ratio of the lengths of Ribbon A to Ribbon B to Ribbon C is 2:5: 1.
Ribbons A and B are 84 cm long altogether. What is the total combined
length of the three ribbons?

Ribbon B

Ribbon C

kkk117981
No

The ratio of the price of an adult ticket to the price of a child ticket at an
amusement park is 4 : 3. Mr. Smith paid $295.75 for 1 adult ticket and
3 child tickets. What is the price of each child ticket?

Adult

$295.75

A florist has gerberas and sunflowers in the ratio of 1 : 3. She has 5as
many carnations as sunflowers. If she has 60 carnations, how many
gerberas does she have?

Exercise 5 - page 146 >

180 13-5 Word Problems ©

 Lesson 6
Practice

- > A pencil case has 5 regular pencils and 3 colored pencils.

(a) What is the ratio of regular pencils to colored pencils?

(b) What is the ratio of colored pencils to the total pencils?

& There are 4 times as many dogs as cats at the pet adoption agency.

(a) What is the ratio of dogs to cats?

(b) What is the ratio of cats to dogs?

© There are gas many adults as children at a concert. What is the ratio of
children to adults?

4) Alex mixed two drinks using different amounts of sweet cherry syrup and
water.

Drink A has 3 cups of syrup and 5 cups of water. Drink B has 7 cups of
syrup and 10 cups of water.

(a) What is the ratio of syrup to water in each drink?

(b) Which drink will be sweeter and why?

13-6 Practice
 5 |Express each ratio in simplest form.

(a) 18:24 (bp) 20n15

(Oy) Ose (d) 24:56

(e) 96:64:48 (1 00s 2507.30

The ratio of sand to cement in a concrete mixture is 2 : 3. If there is 45 lb

of cement, how much sand is needed?

To make sticky rice for 4 people requires 2 cups of sticky rice and 3 cups
of water. Boris wants to make enough sticky rice for 12 people. How much
sticky rice and water should he use?

Tara bought 10 oz of red peppers and 2 lb of green peppers. What is the

ratio of red peppers to green peppers? Express the answer in simplest
form.

The ratio of Rodrigo’s money to Sam’s money to Cody’s money is 4: 3 : 6.

Cody has $55.80 more than Rodrigo. How much money do they have
altogether?

© A beaker has 735 mL of Solution A and 350 mL of Solution B. How many

more milliliters of Solution B need to be added so that the ratio of Solution
A to Solution B is 3 : 4?

Exercise 6 + page 150

182 13-6 Practice

Chapter 14
Rate

| Our car could go 140 miles per hour.

’ i |

Fa get 1 hour of screen time per day.

Our family phone bill is $435 per month.

| Where have you seen rates in real life?

 Lesson 1
Finding the Rate

Think

||
Teya is filling an empty water tank with a hose. After 6 minutes there is
72 gallons of water in the tank. How much water is flowing from the hose
each minute?

Learn

? gal 72 gal

a
oa OCI
+6

6 min — 72 gal

1 min —> 72 + 6 = 12 gal

gallons of water is flowing from the hose every minute.

A rate is a comparison of two quantities with different units. When we

express one quantity per unit of another quantity, it is called a unit rate.

A rate of 12 gallons per minute means

12 gallons flow from the hose every minute.

14-1 Finding the Rate

Do
ce Express the following as unit rates.

(a) One pound of cheese costs $2.75. The cheese costs $

per

(b) A yard of fabric costs $1.99. The fabric costs $ per

(c) Acar travels 50 miles in one hour. The car is traveling at a speed
of miles per

(d) Sound travels 343 meters in one second. The speed of sound is
meters per

A machine fills 600 water bottles in 15 minutes. What is the filling rate
of the machine in bottles per minute?

? bottles 600 bottles

1 nin <————————————m iidmin

+15

15 min —> 600 bottles

1 min —> 600 + . bottles

The filling rate of the machine is bottles per minute.

14-1 Finding the Rate

& At a market, 20 pounds of honeycrisp apples costs $50. What is the
price per pound of the apples?

20 lb —> $50

1 lb —> 50 > ae = Sauee

The apples cost $ per pound.

A price for a product given as a rate

per 1 unit of measure, such as dollars
per pound, is called the unit price.

4) On a trip to Australia, Mr. Phelps exchanged 500 US dollars for 750

Australian dollars. What was the exchange rate for 1 US dollar?

5) A 5 lb bag of Brazilian coffee costs $32 at the market. A 3 lb bag of

the same coffee costs $19.50 at the grocery store. Which place has a
lower unit price for the coffee?

How much does 1 lb of coffee cost at each place?

Exercise 1 - page 155 > |

14-1 Finding the Rate

 Lesson 2
Rate Problems — Part 1

_ Think

Jessica worked for 25 hours one week and was paid $560. At this rate, how
much would she earn for working 40 hours?

What is her hourly rate of pay?

Learn
x 40

% $560 4

\(_6—1_———_C 25 40h
+25

25 h—> $560

560 _
it > 557 $22.40

40 h —> 40 x 22.40 = $896

| found the amount for 40 hours this way:

112
8
40 h —>40 x $62 = gx 58° = 896
5 1

She would earn $

14-2 Rate Problems — Part 1

Do
a Dion can type 50 words in 2 minutes. At this rate, how many words can
he type in 15 minutes?

x 15

2? 50 words fe

oe
1 min 22min 15 min

+2 | found his typing rate per minute first.

2 min —> 50 words

1 min
> 50+2=_
Ny
15 min —> 15 x

2) Mrs. Chen’s hybrid car uses 5 gallons of gas to travel 205 miles. The
capacity of the gas tank in her car is 17.4 gallons. How far can she
travel on a full tank of gas?

x?

7 ae eae
2? 205 mi 7

(=
1 gal = 5 gal 17.4 gal

5 gal —> 205 mi

1 gal —> 205+5=

17.4 gal —> 17.4 x

14-2 Rate Problems — Part 1

(3) Gavin’s heart beats 19 times in 15 seconds. How many times does it
beat in 1 minute?

15s — 19 beats 19 beats

a
1 s —> 72beats y

1 min — 60 x 2 =

4) A machine stamps 420 bottle caps in 1 minute. How many bottle caps
can it stamp in 40 seconds?

How many bottle caps

can it stamp in 1 second?

5) Last week Mary worked 40 hours at the pet store and was paid $750.
This week she worked 35 hours. If she is paid at the same rate, how
much will she get paid?

? $750
++
ay 35h 40h

Exercise 2 * page 158

14-2 Rate Problems — Part 1

Lesson 3
Rate Problems — Part 2

Think
Water is flowing into a tank at a rate of 5 gallons per minute. The capacity of
the tank is 75 gallons. How long will it take to fill the tank?

14-3 Rate Problems — Part 2

 eo 1 min &

1 gal 5gal 75 gal

S,
+?

5 gal —> 1 min | can find the number of

minutes for one gallon...
1 gal —>} min

75 gal —> 75 x =15 min

5 gal 75 gal
Ne
1 min 2

Joo = 15

It will take min to fill the tank.

14-3 Rate Problems — Part 2

Do
a A car is traveling 50 miles per hour on the highway. At this rate, how long
will it take the car to travel 200 miles?

ts Th ?

1 mi 50 mi 200 mi

First, | found how many hours it took to drive 1 mile. ey

50 mi— 1h

1mi—>
Mi ech
756

200 mi —> 200 = Fs = Fae h

oil 200 mi
SEES:RS
{ak R 2
1h

In 1 hour the car travels 50 miles. How

many 50 mile units are in 200 miles?

sh
200 mi—> 200+ 50=

14-3 Rate Problems — Part 2

2) It costs $5 to buy 4 lb of peanuts. How many pounds of peanuts can you
buy for $30?

4 4 lb ?
See
$1 $5 $30

We need to find the number of pounds that

can be bought for $30, so | made 1 dollar
the unit and found the pounds per dollar first.

$5 —> 4 lb

| found the cost per pound first. 4 lb costs $5, so 1 lb costs $2.

$30 > 30+ 2 =

14-3 Rate Problems — Part 2

© A robot at a car factory can install 4 car doors in 3 minutes.

(a) How long will it take to install 120 doors?

3 min i
ee

4 doors 120 doors

(b) How many doors can it install in 1 hour?

4 doors ’
oceania
3 min 60 min

4) A photocopier can print 125 pages in 5 minutes.

(a) How long will it take to print 1,000 pages?

(b) How many pages can it print in 1 hour?

14-3 Rate Problems — Part 2

5) It costs $100 to buy 8 kg of shrimp.

(a) How much does it cost to buy 2.5 kg of shrimp?

2 $100
Sa aan rae

2.5 kg 8 kg

(b) How many kilograms of shrimp can you buy for $60?

A carpet store charges $960 to install 120 ft? of carpet.

(a) How much does it cost to install 100 ft? of carpet?

(b) How many square feet of carpet will it install for $1,000?

Exercise 3 + page 161 a

14-3 Rate Problems — Part 2

Lesson 4
Word Problems

Think
The table below shows the charges for a car ride service for up to 4 passengers.

Base Fare Per Mile Per Minute

$0.30

Mei and her mom are taking the car ride service to the airport. It is a 25 mile
ride and it takes 45 minutes to get there. How much will it cost?

Total Cost = Base Fare + Mileage Cost + Time Cost

Learn

Base fare = $7

Mileage cost = 25 x $2.50 = $62.50

Time cost = 45 x $0.30 = $13.50

$7 + $62.50 + $13.50 = $83.00

It will cost $ oe

14-4 Word Problems

Do
A parking garage charges the following rates.

Weekdays $25 per day

Weekends $30 per day

Dion’s dad parked his car in the garage on Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday.
How much did he pay?

eal
Up to 40 hours $15 per hour

Additional hours above 40 hours $22.50 per hour |

The table above shows Jason’s pay rate for his job at the zoo. Jason
worked 45 hours this week. How much will he get paid?

A car rental service charges $32 per day to rent a car plus an additional
$0.25 for every mile driven over 100 miles. Mr. Gonzalez rented a car
for 5 days and drove 150 miles. How much does he have to pay?

A 20 L tank is filled to capacity with water. A tap used to drain the water
flows at a rate of 2.5 L per minute. Zoltan wants to drain half of the
water from the tank. How long will it take?

14-4 Word Problems

 5) The line graph shows the exchange rate between US dollars (USD) and
Qatari riyals (QAR) on a particular day.
30

Ca

24

21

18

(QAR)
Qatari
Riyals

1 2 3 4 5 6 vi 8 On SOS lie es
US Dollars (USD)

(a) How many QAR can be exchanged for 1 USD?

(b) How many USD can be exchanged for 15 QAR?

(c) Maria exchanged 350 USD for QAR. How many QAR did she
receive?

(d) Ali exchanged 1,500 QAR for USD. How many USD did he receive?

Exercise 4 « page 164 >»

198 14-4 Word Problems

 Lesson 5
Practice

‘ cp Kona’s resting heart rate is 65 beats per minute. At this rate, how many
times will her heart beat in 1 hour?

eB A flooring company charges $10.75 per square foot to install wood flooring.
What would the cost be to install flooring in a 144 square foot room?

ae 80 g of white truffles costs $400. How much does 25 g of truffles cost?

4) Ricardo exchanged US $300 at the Hong Kong airport and received

2,250 Hong Kong dollars. At this rate, how many Hong Kong dollars
would be exchanged for US $500?

5) A road crew can pave 3 miles of road in 5 days.

(a) At this rate, how long will it take them to pave 12 miles of road?

(b) How many miles of road can the crew pave in 12 days?

6) An online clothing company charges $8.99 per shipment and $0.99 per
item that is shipped. Last week, Hector ordered a jacket, 2 shirts, and a
hat. This week he ordered 2 pairs of jeans and a pair of shoes. How much
did he pay on shipping alone for both orders?

14-5 Practice
 ai The table below shows the rates a shipping company charges to send
freight from Thailand to the U.S.

Shipping Cost in Thai Baht (THB)

0 kg to 150 kg 37 THB per kg

151 kg to 999 kg 35 THB per kg

1,000 kg or more 32 THB per kg

A food company in Thailand is sending three shipments to the U.S.:

Shipment 1: 140 kg Thai ginger

Shipment 2: 450 kg Thai chilies
Shipment 3: 1,000 kg Jasmine rice

(a) What is the total shipping cost of all the shipments together in Thai baht?

(b) If the exchange rate on the day the products are shipped is 30
Thai baht for 1 US dollar, how much will the total shipping cost be
in US dollars? Round your answer up to the next cent.

© A hotel has the following rates for a room:

Monday — Thursday $97.50 per night

a

Friday — Sunday $128.75 per night

City Tax (all days) $15.50 per night

Mrs. Lin booked a room for Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday
nights. How much was her total bill? |

Exercise 5 + page 167 >

200 14-5 Practice

Chapter 15
Percentage

Where have you seen percentages in daily life?

20% Off

Charged Continual Assessment 2

a 100%
ne | Correct
Em

©co
© 2214>2000+40+[
J +4
Lesson 1
Meaning of Percentage

Think

In a beverage cooler, 35 cups of sweet cherry syrup is mixed with 65 cups of

water to make 100 cups of cherry drink.

In a pitcher, 4 cups of sweet cherry syrup is mixed with 6 cups of water to

make 10 cups of cherry drink.

Which drink will be sweeter and why?

Learn

In the cooler, 35 out of 100 cups or a of the total amount of drink is cherry
syrup.

15-1 Meaning of Percentage

In the pitcher, 4 out of 10 cups or a of the total amount of drink is cherry syrup.

£ oO
olsll rs)=)
—_—

If we consider the whole as 100, we can express a part of the whole as a

percentage.

The symbol for percentage is % and it is read as percent.

Percent means per hundred.

The whole is considered as 100%.

35
700 = 35%

35% of the drink in the cooler is cherry syrup.

40% of the drink in the pitcher is cherry syrup.

The percentage of cherry syrup in the pitcher is greater than the percentage
of cherry syrup in the cooler, so the drink in the pitcher is sweeter.

AO out of 100 is greater than 35 out of 100.

What percentage of each drink is water?

15-1 Meaning of Percentage

 Do
@> A square is divided into 100 equal parts. What percentage of the whole
square is shaded?
iEey
Each part is 1% of the whole. y

64 out of 100 =
= 75, _ mm.
= Bn

(2) A square is divided into 10 equal parts. What percentage of the square
is shaded?

SESEERE 7S
a
Fis 7
oe
10 100
ae aeeae dg

& Express each fraction as a percentage.

(a) 2 (b) 7 (c) =

(d) $9 (e) F990 (f) 99

4) 7 out of 10 students in the science club are girls.

(a) What percentage of the students in the club are girls?

(b) What percentage of the students in the club are boys?

Exercise 1 - page 171 >

204 15-1 Meaning of Percentage

Lesson 2 (2)
Expressing Percentages as Fractions

Think

80% of the students in the math club are fifth graders and the rest are sixth
graders. What fraction of the students in the math club are sixth graders?

Learn

100% — 80% = 20%

20%pe ii
==55 = oil—

of the students are sixth graders.

15-2 Expressing Percentages as Fractions

Do
a) Express 25% as a fraction in simplest form.

(2) Express 60% as a fraction in simplest form.

3) Express each percentage as a fraction in simplest form.

(a) 50%

(b) 30% Express each percentage as a fraction

out of 100 first and then simplify.
(c)a757o

(d) 80% ey

15-2 Expressing Percentages as Fractions

 In a fifth grade class, 24% of the students wear glasses.

(a) What fraction of the students wear glasses?

(b) What fraction of the students do not wear glasses?

Express the fractions in simplest form.

5 In a bag of nuts, 45% of the nuts are almonds, 25% are cashews, and the
rest are pistachios. What fraction of the blend is each type of nut?

Exercise 2 - page 173 >

15-2 Expressing Percentages as Fractions

Lesson 3
Percentages and Decimals

Think

A 1 lb bag of gluten-free flour contains the following types of flour by weight.

0.62 lb rice flour 0.62 + 0.08 + 0.3 = 1

0.08 lb potato flour

0.3 lb tapioca flour

What percentage of the flour in the bag is each type of flour?

Learn

Do the percentages add up to 100%?

e&
S5)
hw A

_ 15-3 Percentages and Decimals

Do
&p Express 0.36 as a percentage.

cs Express 0.5 as a percentage.

© Express 72% as a decimal.

15-3 Percentages and Decimals

 @ Express 4% as a decimal.

6) Express each number as a percentage.

(a) 0.84 (b) 0.23 (c) 0.03

(d) 0.1 (e) 0.9 (f) 1

7) Express each percentage as a decimal or whole number.

(a) 57% (b) 75% (c) 70%

(d) 20% (e) 9% (f) 100%

Exercise 3 - page 176 e

210 15-3 Percentages and Decimals

 Lesson 4 (4)
Expressing Fractions as Percentages

Think
There are 3 boys and 2 girls in the journalism club. What percentage of the
students in the club are boys?

Learn

3 out of 5 or 2of the students are boys.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100%

Method 2g The total number of students is 100%.

20 2of the students are boys so 2of 100% is

x TE0% = 60% the percentage of students that are boys.

% of the students in the club are boys.

15-4 Expressing Fractions as Percentages

Do
ee Ex p tee B) eee p ercentage
ge.

1 = ee = oO
2s {00 7o
“gi

& Expr a8 as a percentage.

press 79 rcenta

-~—O

15-4 Expressing Fractions as Percentages

 © Express san as a percentage.

(a) 200
= 100

(a) 5 (b) Z (c) =

(Gi (e) & Gee
(9) 40 (h) 300 (i) 4

17 out of 20 students at a music school play piano.

(a) What percentage of the students at the school play piano?

(b) What percentage of the students at the school do not play piano?

| Exercise 4 + page 178 >

15-4 Expressing Fractions as Percentages

Lesson 5
Practice A

Go Express each fraction as a percentage.

(a) 22 (b) 90
(c) +5 (dae
(e)ien (ies
(9) (h) 80
(ae (ine

& Express each percentage as a fraction in simplest form.

(a) 47% (b) 10%

(c) 90% (d) 65%

(e) 5% (f) 8%

3) Express each decimal as a percentage.

(a) 0.48 (b) 0.09

(c) 0.2 (d) 0.6

15-5 Practice A
 4) Express each percentage as a feel

(a) 50% (b) 75% (C)ecoye

(d) 40% (e) 3% (f) 8%

5 5% of the vehicles in a parking lot are motorcycles and the rest are cars.
What percentage of the vehicles in the parking lot are cars?

6) Jonathan answered 45 out of 50 questions correctly on a test. What

percentage of the questions did he answer correctly?

7D) 2of the apples in a bag are Golden Delicious apples and the rest are
Mcintosh apples. What percentage of the apples in the bag are McIntosh
apples?

8) 6 out of 10 students in the science club are fifth graders. 11 out of 20

students in the reading club are fifth graders.

(a) What percentage of the students in each club are fifth graders?

(b) Which club has a higher percentage of fifth graders?

© Maria earned $200 selling lemonade. She spent $28 on a book and
saved the rest. What percentage of her money did she save?

. Exercise 5 « page 181 >

15-5 Practice A
Lesson 6
Percentage of a Quantity

Think
There are 400 people at the carnival. 55% of them are children and the rest
are adults. How many children are there?

0 tO 20. SO 40 #50 60 70! 80 ~ 90" 100%,

100% —> 400 If we find 1% of an amount

400 it is easy to find other
percentages of that amount.
55% —> 55 x 4 = 220

Pr
There are children. ee

15-6 Percentage of a Quantity

Do
&p The recommended daily amount of fiber is 500 g. A bowl of oatmeal contains
17% of this amount. How many grams of fiber are in a bowl of oatmeal?

0 LOnmerc Oem S0 840-850" 4 60>. .707 80 90 008.

? ? 4
\

@ —_---
! 300 mi !
!

I
I
3! = >
-35-
!
!
1

0 1055220" "30 40 50 £60 - 870s, 380-290 500%

The distance from Town A to Town B is 300 mi. Find:

(a) 1% of the distance. If |know 1% | can find

27% and 86% easily.
(b) 27% of the distance.

(c) 86% of the distance.

15-6 Percentage of a Quantity

0 10°. 20. 30 “40. “6055 60° 970 280905310076

A game system costs $500. Find...

(a) 10% of the cost. If | know 10% | can find the

other percentages easily.
(b) 5% of the cost.

(c) 20% of the cost. os )

0 10 20 30 40-50 60 70 80° 90 100%

A suitcase weighs 80 lb. Find... 25% is half of 50%. 75% is

3 times as much as 25%.
(a) 50% of the weight.

(b) 25% of the weight.

(c) 75% of weight.

15-6 Percentage of a Quantity

5) Marilyn had $180. She put 40% of it into her savings account. How
much money did she put in her savings account?

© Find the values.

(a) 5% of 3,200 (b) 12% of 800

(c) 45% of 80 (d) 90% of 160

Grace bought a dryer for $1,200. She had to pay a 6% sales tax. How much
sales tax did she pay?

8) The usual price of a dishwasher is $800. A store is offering a 25% discount

on the usual price. How much is the discount?

Exercise 6 - page 184 >

15-6 Percentage of a Quantity

Lesson 7
Word Problems

Think
A movie theater sold 500 tickets. 38% of the tickets were child tickets, 35%
were adult tickets, and the rest were senior tickets. How many senior tickets
were sold?

100% — (38% + 35%) = 100% — 73% = 27%

27%0 of 500ee
=#5 x 5002= 135

38% + 35% = 73%

73% of 500 = 100

= x 500 = 365

500 - 365 = 135

senior tickets were sold.

15-7 Word Problems

Do
& Felipe had $300. He spent 48% of his money on a bike. How much
money does he have left?

He will have a little more

than half of his money left.

100% —- 48% = 52%

52% of $300=$
freee Naecatcncnoeh

@ Mr. Macedo bought a television that usually costs $600. He used a

coupon to save 18% off the usual price. How much did Mr. Macedo pay
for the television?

100% — 18% = 82%

15-7 Word Problems

 & Miss Harold wants to buy a used car that has a price of $2,500. In
addition to the price of the car, she has to pay a sales tax of 8%. What
will be the total cost of the car?

price of car + tax = total cost

© 65% of the cost of a TV was $260. What was the original cost?

65% —> 260

1% —» 2
100% —> ?

5 There were 150 people enrolled at a martial arts school last year. This
year the enrollment decreased by 8%. How many people are enrolled at
the school this year?

Exercise 7 - page 187 >

: 222 15-7 Word Problems

 Lesson 8
Practice B

, oe Find the values.

(a) 10% of 80 (b) 5% of 60

(c) 15% of 200 (d) 67% of 400

(e) 75% of 4,800 (Uf )35 701760

(2) Diya makes $850 each week working at the animal shelter. She saves 20%
of her salary every week. How much money does she save each week?

An apple farmer harvested 3,000 apples. 65% of them were Cosmic

Crisp apples. How many Cosmic Crisp apples did she harvest?

4) Santiango bought a computer that had a price of $2,300. He used a coupon

to save 15% off the price of the computer. How much did he pay for the
computer?

15-8 Practice B
 5) Last year, the astronomy club had 325 members. This year the membership
increased by 12%. How many members are in the club this year?

6) There are 550 students going on a field trip. 30% are third graders,
32% are fourth graders, and the rest are fifth graders. How many fifth
graders are going on the trip?

7) The Turner family went out to dinner. The check was $150, and they left
an 18% tip. How much did they spend?

8) Cameron bought a pair of sneakers for $140. He used a coupon to get

a 15% discount and paid 6% sales tax on the discounted price. How
much did he spend?

52% of the people at a concert are adults, and the rest are children. There
are 182 adults at the concert. How many people are at the concert?

Exercise 8 - page 190 >

2924 15-8 Practice B

Review 4

Express each fraction or mixed number as a decimal.

(a) 3 (b) 45

2 |Write the following in numerals.

(a) Thirty-four million, one hundred thousand, forty

(b) One thousand times as much as six hundred seven thousand, five

Write the following numbers in expanded form.

(a) 0.205 (b) 6.047

Order the numbers from least to greatest.

(a) 625762°5..0'625,.625

(b)
Bane ATS n23
5, 0.42, 55, 599 » 0.45

Round each number to the second decimal place, to the first decimal
place, and to a whole number.

(a) 0.825 - (b) 6.042

Review 4
6) Find the values. Express each answer as a whole number, fraction, or
mixed number in simplest form.

(a) 7,200+10-5~x
20 (b) 40—174+21-43

(c) 408 + (20 - 3) (d) 42+1,470

+21

(e) 47 +5 +55 (f) Bx Exe

(g) 2+9+¢ (h) 326x12

ee Express each ratio in simplest form.

(a) 40:64: 72

(bye 12 336.254

8) A 16 m rope is cut into 5 equal length pieces. How many meters long is
each piece?

© A red ribbon is 0.8 m long and a blue ribbon is 47 cm long. Which

ribbon is longer and by how much?

10) A small bag of coffee weighs 2.35 lb. A large bag of coffee weighs twice as
much as the small bag of coffee. Glen bought a small bag and a large bag
and has used 1.25 lb of coffee so far. How much coffee does he have left?

Review 4
an 4 large containers each contain 8.35 L of paint. The paint from the
containers is then poured equally into 5 smaller containers. How much
paint is in each of the smaller containers? Express the answer in liters
and milliliters.

12) The ratio of macaws to cockatoos to parrots at a pet store is 2:3: 5.

There are 15 parrots. How many macaws and how many cockatoos
are there?

© The figure is made up of three squares. AC = 24 cm. BD = DF. Find the

area of the shaded part.
F

n>
24 cm

@ The area of Rectangle AEDB is 208 cm. GC is parallel to FD. AG = 4 cm,

BC = 12 cm, and DE = 8 cm. Find the shaded area.

Rec DG F E

Dien Cc D

Review 4
15) A rectangular tank 60 cm long, 50 cm wide, and 30 cm high was partly
filled with water. It was then filled with more water using a hose. The
water from the hose flowed into the tank at a rate of 6 L per min. It took
8 minutes to fill the tank completely. What was the volume of water in
the tank before the hose was turned on?

16) A veterinarian measured and recorded the weight of 5 baby rabbits to

the nearest hundredth of a kilogram. What is the average weight of the
rabbits, rounded to the nearest hundredth of a kilogram?

Rabbit Weight (kg)

Fluffy a 0.42
Jasmine 0.35 |
Jack 0.37
Briar 0.50

Rosie 0.45

@ A square is divided into 3 parts, A, B, and C, as shown. The ratio of the

area of C to the area of Ais 3: 8.

x
(a) What is the ratio of the area of A to the area of B to the area of C?

(b) The area of B is 20 cm?. What is the length of a side of the square?

Exercise 9 « page 193 >

Review 4
 Review 5

P ee Find the values.

(a) 0.36 + 2.509 (b) 0.4-0.378

(c) 0.72 +8 x 300 (d) 14.5 x 0.01

(e) 80x 0.25 (f) 35.9 x 0.47

(g) 5.4+900 (h) 4.48+8

(i) 7.03
+ 0.1 (j) 658 + 0.28

(k) 3.2+8.5+0.5 (l) 18x 4.7+22x

4.7

2) Divide. Express the quotients correct to the second decimal point.

(a) 2.3+8 (b) 7+0.6

(c) NID

(e) 643+ 23 (f) 69+ 0.33

eS At a coffee store, 3 lb of Kenyan coffee sells for $37.50. 5 lb of

Ecuadorian coffee sells for $61.25. Which coffee costs less per pound?

Review 5
4) ABC is an isosceles triangle. BD is a straight line. What is the measure
orZye

6) ABCD is a trapezoid. AD is parallel to BC. What are the measures of

Angles r, s, and t?

Pay

Cc
Review 5
Ge (a) Write the coordinates of each point.

wo
YO
-—-
CO
N
Fan

(o)
Pec Oe Ano sO" a7e 8 9 a0

(b) Name the coordinates of a Point H, such that Figure ABCH is a

parallelogram.

© The ratio of the weights of Suitcase A to Suitcase B to Suitcase Cis 5: 4: 1.

Suitcase B weighs 9.3 lb more than Suitcase C. How much do the
suitcases weigh altogether?

ry
The average height of 5 students on the basketball team is 172 cm. The
heights of 4 of the students are 170 cm, 168 cm, 175 cm, and 169 cm.
What is the height of the fifth student?

Review 5
 © A hose takes 4 minutes to fill a 20 L water tank.

(a) What fraction of the tank will it fill in 3 minutes?

(b) How long would it take to fill a 30 L tank?

Find the values.

(a) 35% of 80

(b) 4% of 300

Louis made $4,500 working a summer job. He spent 25% of his money
on ski equipment and saved the rest. How much money did he save?

An electronics store is offering a discount of 30% on the total cost of a

purchase. Charlie wants to buy a television for $500 and a game system
for $200.

(a) How much money will he save if he buys both items?

(b) There is a 5% sales tax on the total purchase. What will be the
total cost including tax?

14) There are 240 marbles in a container. 30% of the marbles are red, of
the marbles are blue, and the rest are green. If half of the green marbles
are removed, what fraction of the total marbles would be green?

Exercise 10 - page 198 >

232 Review 5
The Dimensions Math® series
s is a comprehensive mothanolica curriculum for Grades PK-5.
It provides a Hepes, ‘and engaging education based on bingapore math fechriques.

Keyfeatures ,
- Visual learning through three pedagogical’ stages: concrete, pictorial, and abstract
- Logically sequenced lessons that provide a strong foundation for advanced math
- Ample and detailed support for both students and educators
- Content by a team with over 100 years of combined experience leaching Singapore math
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Components
* Textbooks
* Workbooks
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« Online Resources

{iM
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