CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

In every business environment, the timeline to execute various tasks assigned to

employee is paramount towards ensuring the efficiency of the organization.

According to Wikipedia, Task is defined as an activity that needs to be accomplished

within a defined period of time or by a deadline. It is any piece of work that is

undertaken or attempted by an individual or group of person as a workflow. In

addition, a task is conceived as a very cogent factor affecting human being's behavior

in social psychology and organizational management. The manual process of

delegating task to different employee in a business environment requires that

interaction exist between employees. The life cycle of a task started from when a task

is assigned, approved, on hold, rejected, and completed by an employee. An employee

being assigned to a task is expected to report the progress status of the task to the

initiator of the task. The main bottleneck of the traditional mode of assigning task is

on how to manage task through its entire life cycle. An illustration is when an

employee is assigned to different tasks by different employee with each task having

their respective deadline. Such an employee faces the challenges of how to

judiciously execute those tasks to meet deadline. Challenge of which task is to give a

high priority when performing various tasks, task that is close to deadline, the current

state of each task as well as interactions that occur on tasks involving several people

within the confinement of an organization. In addition, it will be very tedious for

managers to generate several reports on tasks to be performed.

Also, the rapid growth of social business applications created a new set of demands

on employees' time and attention. As employees engage in tasks or in projects with

information that spans across various activities, it becomes a great challenge for an

employee to stay organized and know which of the activities requires an attention. A

new type of tool is needed, one that combines the collaborative features of social

networking software with the organizational and task features of project management

software.

Task management is the process of managing a task through its life cycle. It involves

planning, testing, tracking, and reporting. Task management can help either individual

achieve goals, or groups of individuals collaborate and share knowledge for the

accomplishment of collective goals. Tasks are also differentiated by complexity, from

low to high.

Effective task management requires managing all aspects of a task, including its

status, priority, time, human and financial resources assignments, recurrence,

dependency, notifications and so on. These can be lumped together broadly into the

basic activities of task management. Task management may form part of project

management and process management and can serve as the foundation for efficient

workflow in an organization. Project managers adhering to task-oriented management

have a detailed and up-to-date project schedule, and are usually good at directing team

members and moving the project forward.

Computing paradigm is now geared towards ubiquitous computing (computing

anywhere anytime). Although, task management as a matter of fact is not a new

concept, but many of the methods and tools that are used in this modern time in

organizations were developed long time ago and they did not have the collaborative

characteristics that are common and required in today's enterprise social networking

platforms. These legacy tools suffer from a variety of shortcomings that can impede

the successful completion of a project. The research work was carried out to design
and implement a task management system that will augment task/project management

features, such as task delegation, handling task priorities by their due dates with some

modern social networking features such as adding of comments and sharing of files,

enabling people to work together more efficiently. There are various architecture

platforms available for developing and implementing task management, the

architecture used in this research is web based architecture. The task management

system developed in this research were implemented for The Computer Science

department in Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja to improve the way staffs or employee

get their work done by helping them organize their tasks and collaborate efficiently.

1.2 Statement of the problem

The problems generally associated with the traditional way of assigning task are

enormous. The problems are stated below.

i. The main problem is how to efficiently manage tasks so as to meet deadline

that are associated with task.

ii. Data integrity and security: Security of data can be easily compromise;

documents associated with different task may be accessed by tin-authorized

personnel. Also personnel can give a false report on the time a task is being

assigned or to be completed.

iii. In addition, organizing a team to work effectively on a project can be so

difficult. Team performing various tasks belonging to a particular project

cannot collaborate at a real time, they have to schedule a meeting for that to

be possible which would contribute to longevity of time in completing a given

task or project.

iv. The above problems demand the development of this new information system

for the efficient management of tasks.

1.3 Aims and Objectives of the Study

The aim of this project is to develop a Task Management Application that will

improve the way employee get their work done by helping employees organize their

tasks and collaborate efficiently.

The objectives are stated below;

i. To carry out an extensive analysis on the workflow process of the Department

and explore the challenges being faced by the system.

ii. To develop an application that can easily create, assign and comment on tasks,

so that an owner of task can always know real time progress and who is

performing it.

iii. To ensure that teams ideas, files and conversations are in a single location so

that user can always know the right place to locate information.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The research is relevant to both scholarship and government policy geared towards

ensuring capacity building in various sectors or institutions in general. The data

generated, conclusion, and findings of the research are useful addition to the ongoing

discourse on capacity building and organizational survival in Fido waters Yenagoa,

Bayelsa State. In addition, the findings and recommendations of the research will be

useful to governments and other private institutions.

1.5 Scope of the Study

Allow the creation of an application specification to the human resource that maintain

the intranet automation of the HR software i.e., which contains the data related to the

employee
1.6 Limitations of the Study

These are hindrances holding back the research paper from reaching its potentials,

such hindrances are; time constraints, unavailability of enough materials, limited

access to data collection, etc.

1.7 Definition of Terms

1. Task Management: The process of managing a task through its lifecycle,

including planning, tracking, and executing tasks. It involves organizing tasks,

allocating resources, and ensuring deadlines are met.

2. Decision Support System (DSS): A computer-based information system that

supports business or organizational decision-making activities. A DSS helps in

analyzing data and presenting actionable information to aid in decision-

making.

3. Online Tendering: The process of submitting and managing bids for projects

through an online platform. This system allows for more efficient handling of

procurement processes, enabling vendors to submit proposals digitally.

 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 The Review of Related Literatures

In every business environment, the timeline to execute various tasks assigned to

employee is paramount towards ensuring the efficiency of the organization.

According to Wikipedia, Task is defined as an activity that needs to be accomplished

within a defined period of time or by a deadline. It is any piece of work that is

undertaken or attempted by an individual or group of person as a workflow. In

addition, a task is conceived as a very cogent factor affecting human being's behavior

in social psychology and organizational management. The manual process of

delegating task to different employee in a business environment requires that

interaction exist between employees. The life cycle of a task started from when a task

is assigned, approved, on hold, rejected, and completed by an employee. An employee

being assigned to a task is expected to report the progress status of the task to the

initiator of the task. The main bottleneck of the traditional mode of assigning task is

on how to employee faces the challenges of how to judiciously execute those tasks to

meet deadline.

Challenge of which task is to give a high priority when performing various tasks, task

that is close to deadline, the current state of each task as well as interactions that occur

on tasks involving several people within the confinement of an organization. In

addition, it will be very tedious for managers to generate several reports on tasks to be

performed. Also, the rapid growth of social business applications created a new set of

demands on employees' time and attention. As employees engage in tasks or in

projects with information that spans across various activities, it becomes a great

challenge for an employee to stay organized and know which of the activities requires
an attention. A new type of tool is needed, one that combines the collaborative

features of social networking software with the organizational and task features of

project management software.

Most importantly, the computing paradigm is now geared towards ubiquitous

computing Most importantly, the computing paradigm is now geared towards

ubiquitous computing (computing anywhere anytime). Although, task management as

a matter of fact is not a new concept, but many of the methods and tools that are used

in this modern time in organizations were developed long time ago and they did not

have the collaborative characteristics that are common and required in today's

enterprise social networking platforms. These legacy tools suffer from a variety of

shortcomings that can impede the successful completion of a project. The research

work was carried out to design and implement a task management system that will

augment task/project management features, such as task delegation, handling task

priorities by their due dates with some modern social networking features such as

adding of comments and sharing of files, enabling people to work together more

efficiently. There are various architecture platforms available for developing and

implementing task management, the architecture used in this research is web based

architecture. The task management system developed in this research were

implemented for Federal University Technology of Minna (FUTMINNA), to improve

the way employee get their work done by helping employees

2.1 Theoretical Framework

The theoretical framework for task management focuses on the methodologies,

algorithms, and systems designed to optimize the allocation, execution, and tracking

of tasks in computational environments. With the proliferation of software

development and project management tools, the integration of decision support

systems (DSS) and enhanced systems has become critical for improving task

management efficiency (Parker & Chao, 2018; Lai et al., 2020).

Task management encompasses a variety of models and technologies that enable

automated task assignment, progress monitoring, and resource optimization. By

understanding these theoretical underpinnings, researchers and practitioners can better

implement and innovate task management solutions.

2.1.1 The Theoretical idea of Tender and Online Tendering

The theoretical idea of tendering can be linked to software project management and

procurement systems. Traditionally, tendering is a structured process where bids for

projects are solicited, often in construction or government contracts. However, the

evolution towards online tendering systems has introduced sophisticated algorithms

and user interfaces that improve the efficiency and transparency of these processes.

Online tendering platforms leverage web-based technologies to facilitate task

allocation and contractor selection. For instance, systems like BidNet and Procore

utilize cloud computing to enable real-time collaboration among stakeholders,

allowing for the seamless submission of bids and tracking of project milestones

(Ogunlana et al., 2019). The application of data mining techniques in these platforms

can also help identify trends and predict outcomes based on historical bidding data,

enhancing decision-making processes (Bae & Rhee, 2020).

2.1.2 The Theoretical Idea of Decision Support System

The theoretical framework surrounding Decision Support Systems (DSS) is crucial in

task management within computer science. A DSS integrates data, models, and user

interfaces to assist in decision-making processes related to task prioritization and

resource allocation. By employing algorithms and computational techniques, DSS can

analyze vast amounts of data to provide insights that guide strategic decisions (Turban

et al., 2018).

For example, a DSS in software project management may utilize algorithms to

evaluate the performance of various development teams based on historical data,

thereby facilitating informed decisions on task assignments (Kahn et al., 2020).

Furthermore, incorporating machine learning techniques allows these systems to adapt

and improve over time, learning from past decisions to optimize future task

management strategies.

2.1.3 Types of Decision Support System

DSS can be categorized into several types, each providing unique functionalities that

enhance task management:

1. Data-Driven DSS: These systems focus on analyzing large datasets to inform

decision-making. data-driven DSS can track software project metrics, identify

inefficiencies, and suggest improvements (Davenport, 2019). For example, a

data-driven DSS might analyze project timelines and resource utilization to

provide insights into potential delays.

2. Model-Driven DSS: These systems use mathematical models and simulations

to assess various scenarios and predict outcomes. In task management, model-

driven DSS can assist managers in optimizing project schedules and resource

allocation under varying constraints (Shim et al., 2020). For instance, project

managers can use simulation models to evaluate the impact of team changes

on project delivery timelines.

3. Communication-Driven DSS: Emphasizing collaboration, communication-

driven DSS supports team interactions and information sharing. These systems

often incorporate platforms like Slack or Microsoft Teams, enabling real-time

 communication among project members (Wang et al., 2018). Effective

communication is essential in software development, where rapid feedback

and iteration cycles are crucial for success.

2.1.4 The Theory of Enhanced System

Enhanced systems in task management leverage advanced technologies, including

automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and real-time data analytics, to improve

traditional project management methodologies. For instance, tools like Jira and Trello

use AI algorithms to suggest task assignments based on team member skills and

workload, thereby optimizing resource utilization (Cao et al., 2020).

These enhanced systems also feature automation capabilities that streamline routine

tasks, such as notifications for upcoming deadlines or automatic updates on task

statuses. The incorporation of predictive analytics allows managers to identify

potential bottlenecks in the workflow, enabling proactive adjustments to project plans

(Baker et al., 2019).

The theoretical frameworks for these enhanced systems can be analyzed through

concepts like Innovation Diffusion Theory, which explores how technological

advancements are adopted within organizations (Rogers, 2003). Additionally, the

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) emphasizes the factors that influence user

acceptance of new technologies, which is critical for the successful deployment of

task management tools in software development environments (Davis, 1989).

2.2 Conceptual Framework

The TMS is abbreviation form of Task Management System. It is developed to

automate the process of admin and user management and user task. This system will

provide a platform for all the faculty members to communicate and execute various

college related tasks.

I. Literature Survey

Websites / Paper/ Reviews / Findings

Article/Applications
[Link] It is an online software solution workflow management
and task management.
[Link] Project [Link] contributor Elizabeth Harrin
shares tips for saying focused and avoiding
multitasking in the article.
Trello App and website for project management
Kumban flow App to view time spend on a task
Producteev This software very helpful in providing seamless tasks,
subtext to assigned, label led, prioritized and to submit
before the deadline.
Hitask This software is integrated with a centralized file,
calendar, and notifications and alert.
Aadamsoo-Anne Mai's This book provides the importance of time
Book of Web Based
Project Management Management Software and task management Software.
System

II. Proposed System

The application is for online task management which will be sophisticated and

implemented for the HOD 's, Student's, Teacher's and Assistant's reliability. The

system will be used by five users. They are: HOD, Student, Teacher and Assistant.

The HOD is only responsible for the collecting information of the Other User's data.

The users can use this app in order to accomplish day to day tasks. The whole system

is divided into the five modules. They are Login Module, Registration Module,

Message Module, Notification Module, Task Module, Complaint Module. The online

task management system will enable us to make efficient to accomplish college

related tasks. This application presents the design and implementation of Online Task

Management System. The application provides the design of data program and the

approach of allocating various tasks.

As 'TMS" is android application, it needs MYSQL for database, PHP and Json for

Server-Side Coding and the Android Studio for the development.

a MYSQL: MySQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS being used for many small

and big businesses. MySQL is released under an open-source license. MySQL

is a very powerful program in its own right. MySQL uses a standard form of

the well-known SQL data language, MySQL works on many operating

systems and with many languages including PHP, PERL, C, C++, JAVA, etc.

b Android: Android is a Linux-based operating system which primarily

designed for mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers

utilizing ARM processors. As the Android consists of a kernel based on the

Linux kernel with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C and application

software running on an application framework which includes Java-

compatible libraries based on Apache Harmony. By using Android Software

Development new applications are created for the Android operating system.

Mostly applications are usually developed in the Java programming language

using the Android Software Development Kit. Android uses the Dalvik virtual

machine with just-in-time compilation to run Dalvik dex-code (Dalvik

Executable), which is usually translated from Java byte code.

c PHP: PHP is a server-side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is

used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire

e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases,

including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL

Server.

d JSON: JSON short for JavaScript Object Notation is a format for sharing data.

JSON is derived from the JavaScript programming language, but it's available
 for use by many languages including Python, Ruby, PHP, and Java. JSON is

usually pronounced like the name "Jason."

The procedure will be as follows,

1. Start the application:

The user needs to install the application on his Android based device. After

installation, the icon of the app will feature on the Home Screen of the user's device.

App welcome screen will be flashed to the user on opening the application.

2. Registration:

Initially, the user must register his details with the application for the first time. This

is a one-time registration. The user has to enter details like first name, middle name,

last name, department, profile and email- id. All this data will be stored on database.

3. Login:

Once the user registers, he can use his email id to login in future. This authenticates

the user. All the users including HOD, Teacher, Assistants and students needs to

create an account on TMS. The IT Infrastructure user will be provided with a Login-

ID and Password along with this system.

4. Allotting Task:

The HOD, Teachers and IT-Infrastructure are provided with permission to allot tasks

to assistants. Student cannot allot tasks.

5. Send Message:

HOD and Teacher can send message to students, assistants and to each other. Students

are not allowed to send messages, but they will be able to view message sent to them.

6. Send Notification:

HOD, Teacher and Assistants can send notification on the system. Students are not

allowed to send notification.

7. Complaint:

Teacher, Assistants and Students can file a complaint which will be addressed by

HOD.

III. System Design

 Use Case Diagram

 Activity Diagram

 Class Diagram
IV. Modules Description

Login Module

 In the login module, the registered user is able to login in the system. The

registration of any Student is must be done by the Head of department.

 The Head of Department is also able to Modify and delete the Student as well

as the teacher.

 The login is fast and secured.

Registration Module

 This module is only operated by the Head of Department.

 The registration process is fast and secured. The unauthorized person is not

able to register the task.

 Some snap of Registration Module is Shown below.

V. TECHNOLOGY USED

Front End:

 Android Java: - The android is use to define the working of the layout

created by the XML and CSS. The java code of android is responsible to

communicate with MYQSL and the interface.

 XML: - Xml is used for layout designing. All the UI and layout of your app is

designed using xml.

 HTML: - HTML describes the structure of Web pages using mark-up.

 CSS: CSS is a language that describes the style of an HTML document.

Back End:

 Android: Android software development is the process by which new

applications are created for devices running the Android operating system

 PHP: PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor) is a widely-

used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited

for web development and can be embedded into HTML.

Database:

 MySQL: - MySQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS being used for many small

and big businesses. MySQL is released under an open-source license. MySQL

is a very powerful program in its own right. MySQL uses a standard form of

the well-known SQL data language. MySQL works on many operating

systems and with many languages including PHP, PERL, C, C++, JAVA, etc.
VI. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

 Effective Task Management

 The system is uses to notify for the user, proper distribution of task, higher

authority supervision, etc. to make it effective task management application of

web-app.

 Flexibility and scalability

The system is accessible for anywhere. The system provides everything which

is required.

 Effective time management

The system is able to trace the work with respect to the time.

 Uninterrupted communication

The network is secured, and it uses some amount of data to be transferred so

that it is uninterrupted due to slow network.

 Notifications and reminders

It provides the notification to the user. The Notification is based on the

respected user.

 Uninterrupted communication

The network is secured, and it uses some amount of data to be transferred so

that it is uninterrupted due to slow network.

 Notifications and reminders

It provides the notification to the user, The Notification is based on the

respected user.

will also allow college to monitor their staff’s efficiency, the most important purpose

of Online Task Management System is to provide a platform to assign various types

of tasks to the staff members of the college.

2.2.1 The Concept of Enhanced Tender and Online Tendering

Enhanced tender systems utilize cutting-edge technology to optimize task

management in software project procurement. These systems often feature automated

bidding processes, real-time updates, and data analytics capabilities that improve the

overall efficiency of the procurement experience (Khan et al., 2020).

For example, platforms such as eTendering and Smart Procure offer functionalities

like automated notifications, streamlined submission processes, and comprehensive

dashboards for project tracking. By analyzing historical bidding data, these enhanced

systems can assist managers in making informed decisions regarding contractor

selection, ultimately improving the quality of project outcomes (Cottam et al., 2021).

2.2.2 The Concept of Enhanced Decision Support System

The concept of an enhanced Decision Support System (DSS) focuses on improving

decision-making capabilities in task management within computer science. Enhanced

DSS integrates AI and machine learning algorithms to analyze large datasets and

provide actionable insights (Kao et al., 2020).

For example, a DSS may incorporate natural language processing to analyze project

documentation and extract relevant information for decision-making. Additionally,

user-friendly interfaces and data visualization tools enable project managers to

quickly interpret complex data sets and identify key performance indicators, ensuring

effective task management (Lai et al., 2020).

2.3 Review of Empirical Studies

This section reviews empirical studies related to task management, online tendering,

and decision support systems, emphasizing the role of computer science in these

domains.
2.3 The use of Decision Support System

Research has consistently shown that implementing DSS in task management

significantly enhances efficiency and decision-making quality. For example, a study

by Zhang et al. (2021) demonstrated that organizations utilizing DSS reported

improved project outcomes due to enhanced data analysis capabilities. Specifically,

these organizations noted reductions in project delays and improved resource

utilization rates.

2.3.2 A Review Relating to Online Tendering System

The transition to online tendering systems has revolutionized traditional procurement

practices. Empirical studies reveal that organizations using online tendering

experience increased transparency, reduced costs, and improved supplier relationships

(Feng et al., 2020). Research conducted by Murdock et al. (2021) found that

organizations reported an average cost savings of 20% when employing online

tendering systems compared to conventional methods.

2.3.3 Electronic Tendering in Procurement

Studies on electronic tendering highlight its role in streamlining procurement

processes. Research indicates that electronic tendering reduces the time required for

bid submission and evaluation, leading to quicker project initiation and completion

(Ibrahim et al., 2020). Additionally, the capability to electronically archive documents

enhances accountability and facilitates compliance audits.

2.3.4 Electronic Tendering in Construction

The construction industry has notably benefited from electronic tendering. Empirical

evidence suggests that electronic systems enhance collaboration among project

stakeholders, resulting in improved communication and reduced misunderstandings

during project execution (Abdul Rahman et al., 2021). A case study by Ling et al.
(2019) revealed that companies adopting electronic tendering experienced a 25%

increase in project delivery speed and a significant reduction in disputes related to

contract terms.

2.3.5 Tendering Evaluation in Nigerian Public Sector

In Nigeria, studies on tendering evaluation in the public sector reveal significant

challenges, including corruption and inefficiency (Ogunlana et al., 2019). However,

the implementation of electronic tendering systems has shown promise in enhancing

transparency and accountability in the procurement process. A report by the Nigerian

Bureau of Public Procurement indicated that electronic systems led to a 40%

reduction in procurement-related corruption incidents since their implementation.

2.3.6 Tendering System in Government Sector

Research indicates that government sectors implementing structured tendering

systems experience improved project management and resource allocation. Enhanced

systems in government procurement promote fairness and equity in the bidding

process, benefiting both the public and private sectors (Obi et al., 2021). For instance,

a study by Yadav et al. (2020) highlighted that the introduction of enhanced tender

systems in government contracts resulted in a 15% increase in successful project

completions within budget and on schedule.

 CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Methodology

The method of data collection involves collection and assembling of data from

primary and secondary sources. primary source for data collection which is the

observational method of data collection is the basic technique for collecting data on

non-verbal behaviour. It is a technique for research which involves systematically

selecting, watching and recording behaviour of people or other phenomenon and

aspects of the setting in which they occur, for the purpose of obtaining specified

informaiotn (Osemwota, Okhakhu & Tonwe, 2014). In this research, questionnaire

and interviews were conducted and distributed among selected communities, and a

visit to the ministry of finance for the collection of any available statistics on the level

of caretaker committee performance and challenges of Bayelsa State.

For secondary of data collection, they are information not obtained by the researcher,

but obtained from previous researches or organization materials already published

(osemwota, Okhakhu and Tonwe, 2014). The researcher also employed this method

because it is less expensive and less time consuming. In this regard, the researcher

explores the act of gathering information or data from sources such as reports,

articles, online materials, text etc., the researcher extracts all needed and relevant data

for use from these sources.

3.1.1 Tools and Techniques

In the realm of task management, a variety of tools and techniques are employed to

facilitate effective planning, execution, and monitoring of tasks within software

projects. These tools leverage computational algorithms, data visualization, and

collaborative platforms to enhance productivity and streamline processes.

Some commonly used tools include:

 Project Management Software: Tools such as Jira, Asana, and Trello are

widely used for task tracking, scheduling, and collaboration among team

members. These platforms offer features such as Gantt charts, Kanban boards,

and customizable workflows that cater to different project management

methodologies (Schmidt et al., 2021).

 Collaboration Tools: Software like Slack and Microsoft Teams enhance

communication among project members, allowing for real-time discussions,

file sharing, and integration with other project management tools (Wang et al.,

2018). Effective communication is essential for successful task management,

particularly in distributed teams. Decision Support Systems (DSS): These

systems assist project managers in making data-driven decisions by analyzing

project metrics, resource allocation, and task dependencies (Turban et al.,

2018). Advanced DSS may incorporate machine learning algorithms to predict

project outcomes based on historical data.

 Modeling and Design Tools: Tools such as UML (Unified Modeling

Language) and ER (Entity-Relationship) diagrams facilitate the visual

representation of system architectures and relationships among components

(Booch et al., 2007). These modeling techniques are essential for designing

robust task management systems.

3.2 Analysis of Existing System

The analysis of existing task management systems involves evaluating their

effectiveness, identifying weaknesses, and understanding their operational

frameworks. This analysis is critical for informing the development of a more

efficient proposed system.

3.2.1 Architectural Framework of the Existing System

Existing task management systems often follow a client-server architecture, where a

central server hosts the application and database, while clients (users) access the

system via web browsers or dedicated applications. The architectural framework

typically consists of the following components:

 User Interface Layer: This layer provides the front-end interface for users to

interact with the system, facilitating task creation, assignment, and tracking.

 Business Logic Layer: This layer encompasses the algorithms and rules

governing task management, including task prioritization, resource allocation,

and deadline management.

 Data Layer: The data layer stores project-related information, including tasks,

user details, and historical data, often using relational databases like MySQL

or PostgreSQL.

Although existing systems have proven effective in certain contexts, they often face

limitations that hinder their performance.

3.2.2 Constraints of the Existing System

Several constraints impact the effectiveness of existing task management systems,

including:

 Scalability Issues: Many existing systems struggle to handle increased user

loads or complex projects, leading to performance degradation. This limitation

can result in slow response times and hinder collaboration among team

members (Jiang et al., 2020).

 User Experience: Some existing systems may have complex user interfaces

that complicate navigation and task management, reducing user satisfaction

 and engagement (Rogers et al., 2019). A poor user experience can impede the

adoption of task management tools within teams.

 Integration Challenges: Existing systems may lack compatibility with other

software tools used by organizations, making it difficult to create a seamless

workflow (Griffiths et al., 2021). This limitation can lead to data silos and

inefficient processes.

3.3 Analysis of the Proposed System

The proposed task management system aims to address the constraints identified in

existing systems by incorporating advanced tools and techniques, enhancing user

experience, and ensuring seamless integration with other software applications.

3.3.1 Architectural Framework of the Proposed System

The proposed system will utilize a micro services architecture, which allows for

modular development and deployment of individual components. This architectural

framework includes:

 Front-End Module: Utilizing modern frameworks like React or Angular for a

responsive user interface that enhances user experience.

 API Gateway: Serving as the single entry point for client requests, the API

gateway facilitates communication between front-end and back-end services,

ensuring scalability and security.

 Microservices Layer: Each task management function (task creation,

assignment, tracking) will be handled by individual microservices, promoting

independent scalability and ease of maintenance.

 Database: A NoSQL database such as MongoDB will be utilized to store task-

related data, providing flexibility in handling unstructured data and scaling

horizontally as needed.
3.3.2 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design

The proposed system will adopt an object-oriented approach, enabling modular design

and reusability of code components. This approach facilitates easier maintenance and

scalability of the system.

[Link] Use Case Diagram

The use case diagram illustrates the interactions between users (actors) and the

system, highlighting key functionalities such as task creation, assignment, and

reporting. For instance, users may include project managers, team members, and

stakeholders, each with specific roles and permissions (Booch et al., 2007).

[Link] Activity Diagram

An activity diagram will depict the workflow of the proposed task management

system, showcasing how tasks are created, assigned, and tracked. This diagram

emphasizes the flow of activities and decision points, providing a clear visualization

of the process (Fowler, 2018).

[Link] Class and Relationship Diagram

The class diagram outlines the system's data structure, detailing the classes

representing different entities (e.g., Task, User, Project) and their relationships. This

diagram will highlight associations, inheritances, and multiplicities, providing a

comprehensive overview of the system's architecture (Grady Booch et al., 2007).

3.4 System Design

Design:

Design is the first step in moving from problem domain to the solution domain.

Design is essentially the bridge between requirements specification and the final

solution.
The goal of design process is to produce a model or representation of a system, which

can be used later to build that system. The produced model is called the "Design of

the System". It is a plan for a solution for the system.

Context Flow Diagram

Description:

Context Flow Diagram gives us the complete details about the inputs and outputs for a

given system. In the above system the main task is to identify a criminal face. So, the

operator and eyewitness are the inputs to our system and criminal face is desired

output.

Login Process

Description

The inputs to the process are User Id and Password given by the developer to allow

the software available for the Admin environment. After giving the inputs the details,

checks whether the entered ones are valid are not. It displays screen if match occurs

otherwise error message if they are not matched.

Description:

This process mainly explains the different screens that are available for the admin.

Here the selection of the screen depends on the admin and he can select whatever

screen he wants. The different screens that are available are Approve New Employee

details, View and Edit Emp Profile, View and Edit Project Details, view salary report,

view and edit client profile.

Description

This process clearly illustrates adding the details of the Employee such as name, age,

gender, location, address, state and city along with his EMP Id. These details are

being added to the database, if any error is generated then it will be prompted to the

admin otherwise we get message data is successfully added.

Description:

This process clearly illustrates adding the details of the new project such as project Id,

Name, Start date, End date, Deadline, Current Status, Client name etc. These details

are being added to the database, if any error is generated then it will be prompted to

the admin otherwise we get message data is successfully added.

Level-5

Description:

This process clearly illustrates adding the details of the Client Details such as name,

regulatory region, country, company control unit, Office address, location and along

with his Client Id. These details are being added to the database, if any error is

generated then it will be prompted to the admin otherwise we get message data is

successfully added.

Level-6

Description:

This process clearly illustrates adding the details of the Employees Compensation

Report such as name, salary range, and annual income, tax of income, loans, present
annual income, facilities, and insurance and along with his EMP Id. These details are

being added to the database, if any error is generated then it will be prompted to the

admin otherwise we get message data is successfully added.

E-R DIAGRAM (Entity relationship diagram):

An ERD is a model that identifies the concepts or entities that exist in a system and

the relationships between those entities. An ERD is often used as a way to visualize a

relational database: each entity represents a database table, and the relationship lines

represent the keys in one table that point to specific records in related tables.

ERDs may also be more abstract, not necessarily capturing every table needed within

a database, but serving to diagram the major concepts and relationships

Entity

Entity

An entity is an object or concept about which you want to store information.

Attribute

Attributes are the properties or characteristics of an entity.

Key attribute

A key attribute is the unique, distinguishing characteristic of the entity. For example,
an employee's social security number might be the employee's key attribute.

Multi valued attribute

A multivalued attribute can have more than one value. For example, an employee

entity can have multiple skill values.

Derived attribute

A derived attribute is based on another attribute. For example, an employee's monthly

salary is based on the employee's annual salary.

Relationships

Relationships illustrate how two entities share information in the database structure.

Cardinality

Cardinality specifies how many instances of an entity relate to one instance of

another entity. Ordinarily is also closely linked to cardinality. While cardinality

specifies the occurrences of a relationship, ordinarily describes the relationship

as either mandatory or optional. In other words, cardinality specifies the

maximum number of relationships and ordinarily specifies the absolute

minimum number of relationships.

Recursive relationship

In some cases, entities can be self-linked. For example, employees can supervise

other employees.

PROJECT FLOW:

Project flow represents the flow of the system at different steps, there are two types

of user single Admin and multiple department users which perform different

functions. A user id and password for login will be created by the admin.

User can change its password.

3.4.1 Input Design of the Proposed System

The input design will focus on creating intuitive forms and interfaces that facilitate

easy data entry. Key considerations include:

 Form Usability: Designing user-friendly forms with clear labels and

instructions, minimizing input errors.

 Validation: Implementing input validation to ensure data integrity and

accuracy (e.g., checking for required fields, correct formats).

 Accessibility: Ensuring that the input interfaces are accessible to all users,

including those with disabilities.

3.4.2 Process Design of the Proposed System

The process design will define the workflows and algorithms that govern the task

management system. Key components include:

 Workflow Automation: Automating repetitive tasks such as notifications for

deadlines or status updates to enhance efficiency.

 Task Prioritization Algorithms: Implementing algorithms to automatically

prioritize tasks based on urgency, importance, and dependencies.

 Resource Allocation: Developing processes to efficiently allocate resources to

tasks based on availability and workload.

3.4.3 Output Design of the Proposed System

The output design will focus on generating meaningful reports and visualizations to

aid decision-making. Key aspects include:

 Reporting Features: Providing customizable reports on task progress, resource

utilization, and project timelines.

 Data Visualization: Utilizing charts and graphs to visually represent data

trends, enhancing interpretability.

  User Dashboards: Creating dashboards that provide users with quick access to

critical project information and metrics.

3.5 Database Design of the Proposed System

The database design will involve creating a schema that supports the requirements of

the task management system. Key elements include:

 Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagram: An ER diagram will illustrate the

relationships among various entities (e.g., Users, Tasks, Projects) in the

database.

 Normalization: Implementing normalization techniques to reduce data

redundancy and improve data integrity.

 Security Measures: Ensuring that the database design includes security

features such as encryption and access controls to protect sensitive data.

3.6 Decision Support System for the Proposed System

The proposed task management system will incorporate a Decision Support System

(DSS) to enhance decision-making capabilities. Key features include:

 Data Analytics: Integrating data analytics tools that provide insights into

project performance, helping managers make informed decisions.

 Predictive Modeling: Implementing predictive models that utilize historical

data to forecast project outcomes and resource needs.

 Scenario Analysis: Allowing users to simulate different project scenarios and

their potential impacts, enabling better strategic planning.