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Essential Computer Hardware Components

The document outlines key hardware components of a computer, including the Power Supply Unit (PSU), motherboard, CPU, GPU, RAM, and ROM, explaining their functions and interactions. It details how the CPU and GPU work together for processing tasks and graphics, and describes various types of memory such as SRAM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. Additionally, it covers connection standards like SATA, NVMe, and PCI-E that facilitate communication between components.

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3 views2 pages

Essential Computer Hardware Components

The document outlines key hardware components of a computer, including the Power Supply Unit (PSU), motherboard, CPU, GPU, RAM, and ROM, explaining their functions and interactions. It details how the CPU and GPU work together for processing tasks and graphics, and describes various types of memory such as SRAM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. Additionally, it covers connection standards like SATA, NVMe, and PCI-E that facilitate communication between components.

Uploaded by

sajiy33387
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Hardware Components:

A PSU(Power supply Unit) changes the electricity from your wall outlet(AC Power)
into the type of electricity your computer can use (DC power). The PSU uses a
method called switched mode power supply (SMPS) to do this.

Motherboard is a main component. It is a board with integrated circuitry(is a small


electronic device made of small electronic components) that connect the cpu, ram,
hard disk as well as peripherals connected via ports or expansion slots.

Processor: CPU is like a brain of computer. Performs calculations, Takes


instruction from the RAM, processes them, then send back the results. Purpose
processor that handle a wide range of tasks.

GPU:Specialized processor for rendering graphics and handling task that can be done
in parallel. Render images and videos. Deep learning.

The CPU and GPU often work together in a computer. The CPU handles general tasks
and overall system management, while the GPU handles intensive graphics and
parallel processing tasks. Some CPUs have integrated GPUs, combining both functions
into a single chip for improved efficiency in basic graphics tasks.

RAM (Random Access Memory): which stores the code and data that are being actively
accessed by the CPU. For example, when a web browser is opened on the computer it
takes up memory; this is stored in the RAM until the web browser is
[Link], need power supply consistently to maintain the stored information,
Power lost stored data also lost.

Static RAM is one which requires the constant flow of the power to retain the data
inside it.

ROM (Read Only Memory):Non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic
devices. Capacity of ROM is comparatively smaller than RAM. It slower and cheaper
than RAM. Cannot be modified. Only be read by CPU. The ROM stored the software
details which are needed to run or turn on the system while booting process.

PROM(Programable ROM) , It can be modified only once by the user.


EPROM(Erasable and Programable ROM) , The content of this ROM can can be erased
using ultraviolet rays and the ROM can be reprogrammed.
EEPROM(Electrically Erasable and Programmable ROM) , It can be erased electrically
and reprogrammed about ten thousand times.

SATA, NVMe, PATA, SCSI are interfaces that helps the motherboard to connect with
the harddisk or ssd.

PCI - E(Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) is a connection standard used to


attach various components to a computer's motherboard. it lets the graphics card
and ssd and other rest of the components to communicate efficiently.

SATA (Serial AT Attachment) replacement for PATA, it uses serial transmision,


reduced cross talk, current generation 3rd. slow.

NVMe (Non Volatile Memory Express) It is developed for SSD. It does not uses a
cable. It attaches the ssd drive directly to the motherboard on m.2 slot. It does
not support HDD.
Firmware: It is a small program stored in a chip in the mother board. it is the
first program to run when we turn the computer on,

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