Nadine Samra Leadership and Technology Academy @nadinesamra
Basic AI Terms
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
A branch of computer science that enables machines to perform tasks that typically require
human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.
Machine Learning (ML)
A subset of AI that allows machines to learn from data and improve their performance
without being explicitly programmed.
Deep Learning
A specialized subset of ML that uses neural networks with multiple layers to process
complex data, such as images and speech.
Neural Networks
A system of algorithms designed to recognize patterns, inspired by the structure and
function of the human brain.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
A field of AI that enables machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language
(e.g., chatbots, language translation).
Computer Vision
An AI field that enables machines to interpret and analyze visual data, such as images and
videos.
Reinforcement Learning
A type of ML where an agent learns by interacting with its environment and receiving
rewards or penalties for actions taken.
Supervised Learning
A machine learning approach where models are trained on labeled data (i.e., data with
known outputs).
Unsupervised Learning
A machine learning approach where models identify patterns and relationships in data
without labeled outputs.
Generative AI
A type of AI that can generate new content, such as text, images, or music, based on existing
data (e.g., ChatGPT, DALL·E).
Nadine Samra Leadership and Technology Academy @nadinesamra
Large Language Models (LLMs)
Advanced AI models trained on vast amounts of text data to understand and generate
human-like language (e.g., GPT-4, BERT).
Bias in AI
The presence of unfair or prejudiced decision-making in AI models due to imbalanced or
biased training data.
Ethics in AI
The study of moral and social implications of AI, including fairness, transparency, and
accountability.
Turing Test
A test proposed by Alan Turing to determine if a machine can exhibit human-like
intelligence.
Data Training
The process of feeding AI models with data to help them learn and make predictions.
Nadine Samra Leadership and Technology Academy @nadinesamra
;
اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳ8ﺔ < :اﻟﺬ>ﺎء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎ <
C
) (AI - Artificial IntelligenceاﻟﺬKﺎء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎ S
R
.ﻓﺮع ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﯾﺘﯿﺢ ﻟﻶﻻت أداء اﻟﻤﮭﺎم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﺎدة ً اﻟﺬﻛﺎء اﻟﺒﺸﺮي ،ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ وﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت واﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﻘﺮارات
) (Machine Learning - MLاﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻵZS
.ﻓﺮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻛﺎء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﯾﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻶﻻت ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت وﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ أداﺋﮭﺎ دون ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺻﺮﯾﺤﺔ
) (Deep Learningاﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ
.ﻧﻮع ﻣﺘﻘﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻵﻟﻲ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﻌﺼﺒﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﯿﻘﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺼﻮر واﻟﺼﻮت
) (Neural Networksاﻟﺸ_`ﺎت اﻟﻌﺼdcﺔ
.أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺧﻮارزﻣﯿﺔ ﺗﺤﺎﻛﻲ طﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ اﻟﺒﺸﺮي ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻧﻤﺎط وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت
) (Natural Language Processing - NLPﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻄﺒdﻌdﺔ
.ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻛﺎء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻵﻻت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﮭﻢ وﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ وإﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ (ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺪردﺷﺔ واﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻵﻟﯿﺔ)
) (Computer Visionاﻟﺮؤlﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﺳdpoﺔ
.ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻛﺎء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﯾﻤّﻜﻦ اﻵﻻت ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﺼﺮﯾﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺼﻮر واﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮھﺎت
) (Reinforcement Learningاﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﻌlqﺰي
.ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻵﻟﻲ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﯿﮫ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺑﯿﺌﺘﮫ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺂت أو ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺎت ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻌﺎﻟﮫ
ّ
) (Supervised Learningاﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ
.ﻧﮭﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻵﻟﻲ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﯿﮫ ﺗﺪرﯾﺐ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺤﺪدة وﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﺴﺒﻘًﺎ
ّ
) (Unsupervised Learningاﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻏ yzاﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ
.ﻧﮭﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻵﻟﻲ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ إﯾﺠﺎد أﻧﻤﺎط وﻋﻼﻗﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت دون اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ذات ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎت ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘًﺎ
) (Generative AIاﻟﺬKﺎء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎ S
Rاﻟﺘﻮﻟdﺪي
ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻛﺎء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﮫ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺤﺘﻮى ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻨﺼﻮص واﻟﺼﻮر واﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﻰ اﺳﺘﻨﺎدًا إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة (ﻣﺜﻞ
DALL·E).و ChatGPT
) (Large Language Models - LLMsاﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﻠﻐloﺔ اﻟ~ﺒyzة
ﻧﻤﺎذج ذﻛﺎء اﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺪرﯾﺒﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﯿﺎت ھﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺔ ﻟﻔﮭﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ وإﻧﺘﺎﺟﮭﺎ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮب طﺒﯿﻌﻲ (ﻣﺜﻞ
BERT).و GPT-4
ّ€ €
) (Bias in AIاﻟﺘﺤ •S yzاﻟﺬKﺎء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎ S
R
.وﺟﻮد ﻗﺮارات ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎدﻟﺔ أو ﻣﺘﺤﯿﺰة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﺬﻛﯿﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺐ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﯿﺰات
) (Ethics in AIأﺧﻼﻗdﺎت اﻟﺬKﺎء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎ S
R
.دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮات اﻷﺧﻼﻗﯿﺔ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺬﻛﺎء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ،ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ واﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺎءﻟﺔ
Nadine Samra Leadership and Technology Academy @nadinesamra
) (Turing Testاﺧﺘ_ﺎر ﺗﻮرlﻨﺞ
.اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻗﺘﺮﺣﮫ آﻻن ﺗﻮرﯾﻨﺞ ﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺬﻛﺎء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﮫ ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪ اﻟﺬﻛﺎء اﻟﺒﺸﺮي إﻟﻰ درﺟﺔ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ
) (Data Trainingﺗﺪرlﺐ اﻟﺒdﺎﻧﺎت
.ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺰوﯾﺪ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﺬﻛﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ واﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﻘﺮارات ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ