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Understanding AI and Machine Translation

The document discusses the evolving definitions and historical context of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine translation (MT). It highlights the influence of researchers' goals on AI definitions and traces MT's origins back to 17th-century ideas. Various forms of machine translation are identified, and the document emphasizes the significance of early patents in the development of practical MT solutions.

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tranthu0675
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33 views3 pages

Understanding AI and Machine Translation

The document discusses the evolving definitions and historical context of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine translation (MT). It highlights the influence of researchers' goals on AI definitions and traces MT's origins back to 17th-century ideas. Various forms of machine translation are identified, and the document emphasizes the significance of early patents in the development of practical MT solutions.

Uploaded by

tranthu0675
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Th PARAPHRASE SOURCE

1 What AI is depends [Link]


heavily 10.1609/
aimag.v8i4.623
on the goals of the
researchers 1987

involved, and any


definition of AI is

dependent upon the


methods that are

being employed in
building AI models.

However, one of the

problems of defining AI
is, as I have

said, that AI could, by


past definitions,

be nearly anything.

2 He traces MT's MACHINE


intellectual origins from TRANSLATION: PAST,
17th-century notions of a PRESENT, FUTURE.
universal language. We William John
hear about two 1933 Hutchins University
patents for translation of East Anglia) (Ellis
machines by French and Horwood Series in
Russian inventors, and Computers and their
are treated to a Applications) Ellis
fascinating account of Horwood: Chichester,
the early post-war 1986, 382 pp. ISBN
period. 0-85312-788-3,
$49.95 (hb)
Reviewed by Richard
Kittredge
Universit( de
Montreal and
Odyssey Research
Asso- ciates

3 Today, we find various Machine Translation


kinds of machine of Various Text
translations: machine- Genres 2003
assisted human
translation (MAHT),
computerassisted
translation (CAT), human-
assisted machine
translation (HAMT) and
fully automatic machine
translation (FAMT).

4 Although we might trace Machine Translation:


the origins of ideas History 2006
related

to machine translation
(MT) to 17th-century
speculations

about universal
languages and
mechanical dictionaries,

it was not until the 20th


century that the

first practical
suggestions could be
made, in 1933

with two patents issued


in France and Russia to

Georges Artsrouni and


Petr Trojanskij,
respectively.

. We define AI as the Artificial Intelligence


study of agents that AModern Approach
receive percepts from Third Edition Stuart J.
the environment and Russell and Peter
perform actions. Each
such agent implements a Norvig
function that maps
percept sequences to
actions, and we cover
different ways to
represent these
functions, such as
reactive agents, real-
time planners, and
decision-theoretic
systems.

5 This introduction to this A Brief History of


special issue discusses Artificial Intelligence:
artificial intelligence (AI), On the Past, Present,
commonly defined as “a and Future of
system’s ability to Artificial Intelligence
interpret external data 2019
correctly, to learn from
such data, and to use
those learnings to
achieve specific goals
and tasks through
flexible adaptation.

In 1950, he published his


seminal article
“Computing Machinery
and Intelligence”3 where
he described how to
create intelligent
machines and in
particular how to test
their intelligence.

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