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Formation and Sources of Petroleum

Natural gas is a fossil fuel primarily composed of methane (CH4) but can also include other hydrocarbons like ethane, propane, and butane. Its composition varies widely, with 'dry' natural gas being almost pure methane and 'wet' gas containing additional hydrocarbons. Natural gas is formed from organic material buried under sediment over millions of years, and it can be categorized into associated, non-associated, conventional, and unconventional gas resources.

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6 views9 pages

Formation and Sources of Petroleum

Natural gas is a fossil fuel primarily composed of methane (CH4) but can also include other hydrocarbons like ethane, propane, and butane. Its composition varies widely, with 'dry' natural gas being almost pure methane and 'wet' gas containing additional hydrocarbons. Natural gas is formed from organic material buried under sediment over millions of years, and it can be categorized into associated, non-associated, conventional, and unconventional gas resources.

Uploaded by

ahoua
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Oil & Gas Talk - 1

“Basic Information about


Natural Gas”

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What is natural gas?

Natural gas is a fossil fuel energy source. Natural gas


contains many different compounds. For example,
natural gas used in the home is mainly methane, which
is a molecule made up of one carbon atom and four
hydrogen atoms, and is referred to as CH4. While
natural gas is formed primarily of methane, it can also
include ethane, propane and butane. The composition
of natural gas can vary widely

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Composition of natural gas

Methana (CH4)
Ethane (C2H6)
Propane (C3H8)
Butane (C4H10)
Pentane (C5H12)
C6+
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Hydrogen Sulpide (H2S)
Nitrogen (N2)
etc

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Composition of natural gas

The composition of natural gas can vary widely. No


mixture can be referred to as natural gas as each gas
stream has its own composition. Even two gas wells
from the same reservoir may have different
constituents. Natural gas in its purest form, such as the
natural gas that is delivered to your home, is almost
pure methane. It is considered “dry” when it is almost
pure methane, having had most of the other commonly
associated hydrocarbons removed. When other
hydrocarbons are present, natural gas is “wet”

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How is petroleum formed?

Millions of years ago oil and natural gas were formed


from the fossil organic material that settled on the
seabed along with sand, silt and rocks. Geological shifts
resulted in some of these layers being buried deep in
the earth. Over time, layers of organic material were
compressed by the weight of the sediments above
them, and the increasing pressure and temperature
transformed the mud, sand, and silt into rock, the
organic compound into petroleum

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Natural gas resources

Source : U.S Energy Information Administration

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Natural gas resources

Associated gas
refers to the natural gas found in association with oil
within the reservoir
Non-associated gas
free gas or dry gas is a naturally occurring gas that is not
dissolved in crude oil in a reservoir
Conventional gas
conventional gas is located in porous permeable
reservoir rock involving standard drilling methods
Unconventional gas
refers to natural gas produced from reservoirs with low
permeability and porosity such as source rock (deeper
layers than conventional resources). Requires a
horizontal drilling with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing

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Oil and gas traps

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Keep Learning
Keep Growing

Cokorda Satrya Pramana


Offshore Production

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