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Bangladesh Population Trends and Migration

The document contains various figures and questions related to population statistics and trends in Bangladesh from 1983 to 2009, including birth and death rates, population structure, urbanization, and development indicators. It discusses the implications of these trends on society and the economy, as well as the challenges posed by population growth and migration. The document is structured as an examination paper with specific questions aimed at assessing understanding of demographic changes and their effects.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views35 pages

Bangladesh Population Trends and Migration

The document contains various figures and questions related to population statistics and trends in Bangladesh from 1983 to 2009, including birth and death rates, population structure, urbanization, and development indicators. It discusses the implications of these trends on society and the economy, as well as the challenges posed by population growth and migration. The document is structured as an examination paper with specific questions aimed at assessing understanding of demographic changes and their effects.

Uploaded by

shikhorj
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

6

5 (a) Fig. 5 shows the birth rate and death rate per 1000 for Bangladesh between 1983

and 1998.

35
birth rate
30

25

rate 20
per
1000 15
death rate
10

0
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998
year

Fig. 5

(i) Describe the main trends of the death rate shown in Fig. 5. [2]

(ii) Give reasons for the trend described in (a) (i). [4]

(iii) Between which two years did the birth rate, shown in Fig. 5, have the highest

decrease? By how many births per 1000 did the birth rate decrease between

these two years? [2]

(iv) Give reasons for the decrease in the birth rate. [4]

(v) What was the rate of natural increase, per 1000, in 1998? [1]

(b) (i) State what is meant by:

rural-urban migration

international migration. [2]

(ii) Describe what causes people to migrate. [5]

(iii) Do you think the area the migrants left will benefit or not? Give reasons for your

answer. [5]

© UCLES 2006 7094/02/M/J/06


4

2 (a) Fig. 2 shows a recent population structure of Bangladesh.

age in
years

60+

45-59

35-44

25-34

15-24

10-14

5-9

0-4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
%

Fig. 2

(i) Calculate the total percentage of the population under the age of 15.

Why is there a large percentage of the population under 15? [4]

(ii) What is the total percentage of the population over the age of 60?

Why is there a small percentage of the population over 60? [3]

(b) Describe the problems that may occur for Bangladesh because of this population structure

and dependency ratio. [4]

© UCLES 2007 7094/02/M/J/07


5

(c) Study Fig. 3, which shows some population data for Bangladesh in 1970 and 2002.

1970 2002

Birth rate (per 1000) 49 29

Death rate (per 1000) 28 8

Infant mortality rate (per 1000) 140 51

Life expectancy (years) 45 61

Fig. 3

(i) Calculate the natural population increase per 1000 for 1970 and 2002. [2]

(ii) Describe the population trends shown in Fig. 3. [4]

(d) Improved health care is one of the factors that has led to the changes shown in Fig.3.

How has health care for the people been delivered and how effective has this delivery been?

[8]

[Total: 25]

© UCLES 2007 7094/02/M/J/07 [Turn over


10

5 (a) Study Fig. 9, which shows some development indicators for Bangladesh.

2000 2002

GNP per capita (US$) 240 360

Life expectancy (years) 56 61

Population per doctor 12 500 5 000

Fig. 9

(i) Describe the changes in development between 2000 and 2002 as shown in Fig. 9. [3]

(ii) What do the development indicators in Fig. 9 show about the level of development of

Bangladesh? [6]

(b) In 2000, the calorie intake per person per day was 2085. The Government aims to increase

this calorie intake.

Why is this proving difficult to achieve? [3]

(c) Fig. 10 shows the percentage enrolment rate of the relevant age groups at the three stages

of education in Bangladesh in 2002.

100

% enrolment rate 50

0
primary secondary tertiary

Fig. 10

(i) What does Fig.10 show about the general pattern of enrolment across the three stages

of education? [3]

(ii) Describe the attempts to increase enrolment at primary schools, both by the public and

private sectors. [5]

(iii) What, in your opinion, are the successes and failures of the measures described in (c)

(ii)? [5]

[Total: 25]

© UCLES 2007 7094/02/M/J/07


10

4 (a) Study Fig. 6, which shows rates of population growth for six countries.

Bangladesh Brazil China India Nigeria Pakistan

% Rate of

growth 2.4 1.6 1.2 1.9 2.9 2.7

1985 to 2000

% Rate of

growth 1.8 1.1 0.6 1.4 2.3 2.4

2000 to 2015

(predicted)

Fig. 6

(i) Which country is expected to have the fastest population growth between 2000 and

2015? [1]

(ii) Which country is expected to have the fastest overall population growth between 1985

and 2015? [1]

(iii) State three factors that affect the rate of population growth. [3]

(iv) For one of these factors, explain how it affects population growth in Bangladesh. [3]

(b) Study Fig. 7, which shows trends in urbanisation.

40
Pakistan
35

30 India

25
% population
living in 20 Bangladesh
urban areas
15

10 Key
actual
5 predicted

0
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Fig. 7

(i) Describe how urbanisation in Bangladesh grew between 1970 and 2005. [2]

(ii) Compare the trends in urbanisation in Bangladesh with those in Pakistan and India

between 1970 and 2015. [4]

© UCLES 2008 7094/02/M/J/08


6

3 (a) Study Fig. 5, which shows the population structure of Bangladesh in 2005.

males age females


80+
C 75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
B 35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
A 5-9
0-4
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
population (in millions)

Fig. 5

(i) ● Estimate how many males were aged between 20 and 24.

● Estimate how many females were aged between 20 and 24. [2]

(ii) What were the two largest age groups? [2]

(iii) There are three main bands of age groups labelled A, B and C.

What names could be given to each of these bands? [3]

(iv) Describe the pattern of age groups in band B. [2]

(v) For band B, suggest how and why that band is likely to change by 2015. [4]

© UCLES 2009 7094/02/M/J/09


16

4 (a) Study Fig. 7, which shows population density. For


Examiner’s
Use

0 20 40 miles

0 30 60 kms
N

Riv
er
Pad
m
a

people more than 1000


per 500 - 1000
sq. km
less than 500

Fig. 7

Describe how population density changes along the River Padma from the Bay of
Bengal to the border with India.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2012 7094/02/M/J/12


17

(b) Study Fig. 8, which shows Bangladesh’s actual and predicted population growth. For
Examiner’s
Use
Population
(millions)
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
predicted
30 growth
20
10
0
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Fig. 8

(i) By how much is the population expected to grow between 2010 and 2020?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Describe the trends in population growth from 1940 to 2020 shown in Fig. 8.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [3]

© UCLES 2012 7094/02/M/J/12 [Turn over


18

(iii) A Suggest three reasons for the population changes shown in Fig. 8. For
Examiner’s
1 ........................................................................................................................ Use

...........................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................... [3]

B For one of the reasons you described in (iii) A, explain how it contributes to
population growth.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................... [3]

(iv) A Briefly describe three problems caused by population growth.

1 ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................... [3]

B For one of the problems you described in (iv) A, explain fully how it is affected
by population growth.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................... [3]
© UCLES 2012 7094/02/M/J/12
19

(c) Study the two statements below. For


Examiner’s
A ‘There are good reasons for people in Bangladesh to have large families.’ Use

B ‘Family sizes in Bangladesh need to be reduced.’

(i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 25]

© UCLES 2012 7094/02/M/J/12 [Turn over


18

5 (a) (i) Study Fig. 9, which shows the percentage of the population living in rural and urban For
areas in Bangladesh. Examiner’s
Use

Key
rural urban

1969

1979

years 1989

1999

2009

0 50 100 %

Fig. 9

On Fig. 9, complete the bar for 2009 when 73% lived in rural areas and 27% lived
in urban areas. (It has been left blank for you to fill in.) [2]

(ii) What does Fig. 9 show about the changes to rural and urban populations in
Bangladesh?

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) What are the effects in rural and urban areas of the changes shown in Fig. 9?

in rural areas ............................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

in urban areas ..........................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [4]
© UCLES 2013 7094/02/M/J/13
19

(b) (i) Study Fig. 10, which shows the population structure of Bangladesh in 1979 and 2009. For
Examiner’s
Use
1979 2009
0% 0%

75% 25% 75% 25%

Key
0 – 14 years
50% 15 – 64 years 50%
65+ years

Fig. 10

Using Fig. 10, describe the changes that took place in each age group between
1979 and 2009.

0–14 years ................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

15–64 years ..............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

65+ years .................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Explain how improvements in health care have led to the changes in the 0–14 years
age group that you described in (b)(i).

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

(iii) Give one reason for the change in the 65+ age group.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2013 7094/02/M/J/13 [Turn over
18

5 (a) (i) Study Fig. 11 which shows the birth rate in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan for 1980 and
2010. Complete the graph for Pakistan on Fig. 11 using the figures below:

1980: 43 (per 1000)


2010: 27 (per 1000)

50

40
births per 1000

30

20

10

0
India Bangladesh Pakistan

1980 2010

Fig. 11
[2]

(ii) Compare the changes in birth rate from 1980 to 2010 in Bangladesh with the changes in
India and Pakistan.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) (i) What is meant by the term ‘infant mortality rate’?

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2014 7094/02/M/J/14


19

(ii) Study Fig. 12 which shows the infant mortality rate between 1980 and 2010 for
Bangladesh, India and Pakistan.

140

120

100
infant mortality rate

80
per 1000

60 Pakistan

India
40 Bangladesh

20

0
1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010
year

Fig. 12

How has the infant mortality rate for Bangladesh changed in comparison to India and
Pakistan between 1980 and 2010?

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2014 7094/02/M/J/14 [Turn over


17

5 (a) (i) Study Fig. 8, a graph showing the percentage of the population below the poverty line in
rural areas of Bangladesh.

Key
rural poverty %
urban poverty %
60

50
% below poverty line

40

30

20

10

0
1992

1996

2000

2005

2010
years

Fig. 8

Complete the graph (Fig. 8) for urban areas using the following figures.

Year 1992 1996 2000 2005 2010


% 43 28 35 28 21
[3]

(ii) Suggest why the percentage living below the poverty line in rural and urban areas is
decreasing.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

© UCLES 2015 7094/02/M/J/15 [Turn over


18

(b) Study Fig. 9 which shows the population growth rate in Bangladesh and nearby countries in
1993 and 2012.

N 0 200 400
kilometres

Pakistan

Bangladesh
India
Myanmar

Key
% growth rate
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

1993

2012

Fig. 9

(i) Describe the change in the population growth rate in Bangladesh.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Compare the change in growth rate in Bangladesh with the three other countries shown
on Fig. 9.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

© UCLES 2015 7094/02/M/J/15


19

(iii) Explain how Bangladesh has achieved such a change in its population growth rate.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

(c) (i) Describe two differences between the public sector and the private sector.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Explain the advantages and the disadvantages of the private sector in delivering either
health care or education.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

© UCLES 2015 7094/02/M/J/15 [Turn over


11

3 Study Fig. 6 which shows the birth rate and death rate in three countries in 2013.

country birth rate (per 1000) death rate (per 1000)


Bangladesh 20 6
India 20 8
Myanmar 17 9

Fig. 6

(a) (i) Using Fig. 6 calculate the rate of natural growth for each country. Use the figures to
complete the table below.

Country with highest rate of growth 1 ..........................................

2 ..........................................

Country with lowest rate of growth 3 ..........................................

[3]

(ii) Suggest why some families in Bangladesh may have a large number of children.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2017 7094/02/M/J/17 [Turn over


12

(b) (i) Study Fig. 7 which shows infant mortality rates from 2010 to 2013.

50

Myanmar
40 India
infant
mortality Bangladesh
rate
per 1000
30

0
2010 2011 2012 2013

Fig. 7

Using information from Fig. 7 describe what progress is being made towards reducing
infant mortality rates.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) How is Bangladesh reducing its infant mortality rate?

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2017 7094/02/M/J/17


19

5 (a) (i) Fig. 11 shows the population pyramid for Bangladesh in 2015.

age groups
65+
55 – 64
25 – 54
15 – 24
0 – 14
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
% male % female

Fig. 11

Describe how the population of Bangladesh varies by age group.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) Increasing life expectancy results in an ageing population. What challenges might this
create for Bangladesh?

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

(iii) International emigration from Bangladesh is increasing. What challenges might this
create for Bangladesh?

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2017 7094/02/M/J/17 [Turn over
17

(b) Study Fig. 4.1, a statement about the reduction of poverty in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh has made great progress in reducing poverty. Based on the international poverty line
of $1.90 per person per day, poverty in Bangladesh fell from 44.2% in 1991 to 18.5% in 2010, and
then to 12.9% in 2016.

Fig. 4.1

Use the information in Fig. 4.1 to complete Fig. 4.2. 1991 has been completed for you. [2]

100
Key
90 % below
poverty line
80

70

60
% below
poverty 50
line
40

30

20

10

0
1991 2010 2016
year

Fig. 4.2

© UCLES 2019 7094/02/M/J/19 [Turn over


21

5 (a) Study Fig. 5.1, which shows total population change in Bangladesh.

210
Key
200 actual

190 projected

180

170

160
population
150
(millions)

140

130

120

110

100

0
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
year

Fig. 5.1

(i) Complete the graph, Fig. 5.1, using the data below, to show the projected population in
Bangladesh from 2030 to 2050.

2030 186 million


2040 196 million
2050 202 million
[3]

© UCLES 2019 7094/02/M/J/19 [Turn over


22

(ii) Suggest benefits and problems for Bangladesh of continued population growth.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

© UCLES 2019 7094/02/M/J/19


23

TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 5(b)

© UCLES 2019 7094/02/M/J/19 [Turn over


24

(b) Study Fig. 5.2, which shows the changes in population growth rates for Bangladesh, Pakistan
and India between 2000 and 2015.

2.5
Key
2.4 Pakistan

2.3 Bangladesh

India
2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9
population
1.8
growth rate
(%)
1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

0
2000 2005 2010 2015
year

Fig. 5.2

(i) How is population growth rate calculated?

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2019 7094/02/M/J/19


25

(ii) Compare Bangladesh’s population growth rate with that of Pakistan and that of India as
shown in Fig. 5.2.

Comparison with Pakistan ..................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Comparison with India ........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(iii) Suggest reasons why Bangladesh’s population growth rate has decreased.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [5]

(c) Most people in Bangladesh work in the informal sector.

(i) What is the informal sector?

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give two examples of jobs in the informal service sector.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2019 7094/02/M/J/19 [Turn over


22

5 (a) Define the population term natural increase and show how it is calculated.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Study Fig. 5.1, which shows the death rate in Bangladesh from 1960 to 2018.

Death rate in Bangladesh, 1960–2018

22

20

18

16

14

12
death rate
(per 1000) 10

0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2018
year

Fig. 5.1

(i) Complete the graph on Fig. 5.1 using the data below.

death rate
year
(per 1000)
1960 20.3
1965 18.2
1970 19.0
1975 18.0
[3]
© UCLES 2022 7094/02/M/J/22
23

(ii) Using Fig. 5.1, in which year was the death rate 10 per 1000?

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Study Fig. 5.2, which shows a number of schemes used in Bangladesh to control disease
and improve quality of life.

Disease control in Bangladesh

Control of
Diarrhoeal
Disease (CDD)

Malaria
National
Action Plan for
disease Control
Programme
Nutrition control (MCP)

Expanded
Immunisation
Programme
(EIP)

Fig. 5.2

Outline the approaches taken in two of the schemes shown in Fig. 5.2 to reduce the number
of deaths in Bangladesh.

Scheme 1 .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Scheme 2 ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

© UCLES 2022 7094/02/M/J/22 [Turn over


12

3 (a) Study Fig. 3.1, which shows the Human Development Index (HDI) for Bangladesh, Pakistan
and India from 1990 to 2019.

Human Development Index (HDI) for Bangladesh, Pakistan


and India, 1990–2019

Key
Bangladesh
Pakistan
India

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

HDI

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
1990 2000 2010 2019

year

Fig. 3.1

© UCLES 2023 7094/02/M/J/23


13

(i) The HDI is made up of information about the health, education and wealth of a country.

Suggest a different development indicator which can be used to measure each of these.

health ................................................................................................................................

education ...........................................................................................................................

wealth ................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) What is the overall trend shown in Fig. 3.1?

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Using Fig. 3.1, which country has made the most progress from 1990 to 2019?

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Compare the HDI of Bangladesh with Pakistan as shown in Fig. 3.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2023 7094/02/M/J/23 [Turn over


14

(b) Study Fig. 3.2, which shows the age structure and total population of Bangladesh in 2000,
2010 and 2020.

Age structure and total population of Bangladesh in 2000, 2010 and 2020

170

160 Key
young people (0–14)
150
working-age people (15– 64)
140 older people (65 and older)

130

120

110

100

90
population
(million)
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
2000 2010 2020
year

Fig. 3.2

© UCLES 2023 7094/02/M/J/23


15

(i) Complete Fig. 3.2 using the data in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1

young people working-age older people


year
(0–14) people (15–64) (65 and older)
2000 47 million 76 million 5 million
[3]

(ii) What is meant by the term dependency ratio and how is it calculated?

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Explain why the number of young people is decreasing in Bangladesh.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(iv) What will be the impact of fewer young people on the quality of life of people in
Bangladesh in the future?

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2023 7094/02/M/J/23 [Turn over


16

(c) Study the statement below.

‘The government’s priority should be to look after the increasing number of older people
rather than trying to provide jobs for the increasing number of people of working age.’

(i) Give one argument why older people need government help.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give one argument why it is important to provide jobs for people of working age.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons for your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 25]

© UCLES 2023 7094/02/M/J/23


22

(b) Study Fig. 5.2, which shows the percentage of the population earning less than $3.20 per day
in Bangladesh between 1990 and 2020.

Percentage of population earning less than $3.20 per day


in Bangladesh, 1990–2020

80

70

60

50

population (%) 40

30

20

10

0
1990 2000 2010 2020
year

Fig. 5.2

© UCLES 2023 7094/02/M/J/23


23

(i) Use data from Fig. 5.2 to describe the change in the percentage of the population earning
less than $3.20 a day from 1990 to 2020.

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...........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Explain how micro-credit helps people escape poverty in Bangladesh.

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..................................................................................................................................... [4]

© UCLES 2023 7094/02/M/J/23 [Turn over

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