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AC Generator: Working and Principles

An A.C. generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy using electromagnetic induction. It consists of an armature coil, strong field magnets, slip rings, and brushes, and operates by rotating the coil in a magnetic field to induce an electromotive force (emf). The resulting alternating current (I) varies with time, expressed as I = Io sin(ωt), where Io is the peak current.

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3 views2 pages

AC Generator: Working and Principles

An A.C. generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy using electromagnetic induction. It consists of an armature coil, strong field magnets, slip rings, and brushes, and operates by rotating the coil in a magnetic field to induce an electromotive force (emf). The resulting alternating current (I) varies with time, expressed as I = Io sin(ωt), where Io is the peak current.

Uploaded by

ashnasnehi0
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

A.

C Generator
It is an electrical machine used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Principle: It is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
Construction: The main components of ac generator are: Armature coil (ABCD), Strong field magnet (N, S), Slip
rings (R1, R2) and Brushes (B1 and B2).

B C

N A D S
B1
R1

RL Output

R2
B2

Working: When the armature coil ABCD rotates in the magnetic field provided by the strong field magnet, it cuts the
magnetic lines of force. Thus the magnetic flux linked with the coil changes and hence induced emf is set up in the
coil. The direction of the induced emf or the current in the coil is determined by the Fleming’s right hand rule.
Let N= Number of turns in the coil
A= Area enclosed by each turn of the coil
B= Strength of magnetic field
  Angle which the normal to the coil makes with B at any time ' t '

So, the magnetic flux linked with the coil in this position is,
As, 
  N B A 
   NABcos 
  
   NABcos t    t     t 
Differentiating both sides with respect to ' t ' , we get
d
  N  ABsin  t
dt
From faraday’s Lenz law,
d

dt
     NABsin t 
   NABsin t …………………(i)
For  to be o (Peak or maximum value of emf), sin  t   1  t  90o .
So from equation (i), we get
o  N  BA sin 90o
 o  N  BA
Again, from equation (i) we get,
  o sin  t
If R is the resistance of the coil then,
 
I   o sin  t
R R
o
So, I  Io sin t , where I o  =Peak value of current.
R
This current is called alternating current.

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