Comprehensive Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Calculation
Formulas
Cardiovascular Calculations
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
Formula: MAP = DBP + 1/3 (SBP - DBP)
Where:
- DBP = Diastolic Blood Pressure
- SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure
Cardiac Output (CO)
Formula: CO = SV × HR
Where:
- SV = Stroke Volume
- HR = Heart Rate
Stroke Volume (SV)
Formula: SV = EDV - ESV
Where:
- EDV = End Diastolic Volume
- ESV = End Systolic Volume
Ejection Fraction (EF)
Formula: EF = (SV / EDV) × 100 %
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
Formula: SVR = ((MAP - CVP) × 80) / CO
Where:
- CVP = Central Venous Pressure
- MAP = Mean Arterial Pressure
Pulse Pressure (PP)
Formula: PP = SBP - DBP
Fick's Cardiac Output Calculation
Formula: CO = O2 Consumption / (Arterial O2 - Venous O2)
Pulse Pressure Variation (PPV)
Formula: PPV = (PP_max - PP_min) / ((PP_max + PP_min) / 2) × 100
Oxygen Consumption (VO2)
Formula: VO2 = CO × (CaO2 - CvO2)
Renal Calculations
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Formula: GFR = (Urine Concentration of Creatinine × Urine Flow Rate) / Plasma
Concentration of Creatinine
Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) - Cockcroft-Gault Equation
Formula: CrCl = ((140 - Age) × Weight (kg) × 1.23 if male, 1.04 if female) / Plasma
Creatinine
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa)
Formula: FENa = (Urinary Na × Plasma Creatinine) / (Plasma Na × Urinary Creatinine) ×
100 %
Anion Gap
Formula: Anion Gap = Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)
Corrected Anion Gap (for hypoalbuminemia)
Formula: Corrected Anion Gap = Anion Gap + 2.5 × (Normal Albumin - Observed Albumin)
Osmolality Calculation
Formula: Osmolality = 2 × Na+ + Glucose / 18 + BUN / 2.8
Filtered Load of a Substance
Formula: Filtered Load = GFR × Plasma Concentration of Substance
Renal Plasma Flow (RPF)
Formula: RPF = (Urine PAH × Urine Flow Rate) / Plasma PAH
Renal Blood Flow (RBF)
Formula: RBF = RPF / (1 - Hematocrit)
Corrected Creatinine Clearance
Formula: CrCl_corrected = CrCl_measured × (1.73 / Body Surface Area (BSA))
Free Water Clearance (CH2O)
Formula: CH2O = V (1 - Urine Osmolality / Plasma Osmolality)
Where:
- V = Urine flow rate
Tubular Reabsorption Rate
Formula: Reabsorption Rate = Filtered Load - Excretion Rate
Tubular Secretion Rate
Formula: Secretion Rate = Excretion Rate - Filtered Load
Adjusted Serum Calcium (for hypoalbuminemia)
Formula: Corrected Calcium = Serum Calcium + 0.8 × (4 - Albumin)
Respiratory Calculations
Alveolar Gas Equation
Formula: PAO2 = FiO2 (Patm - PH2O) - PaCO2 / R
Where:
- FiO2 = Fraction of inspired oxygen (0.21 on room air)
- Patm = Atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg)
- PH2O = Partial pressure of water vapor (47 mmHg)
- R = Respiratory quotient (0.8)
A-a Gradient
Formula: A-a Gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
Where:
- PAO2 = Alveolar oxygen partial pressure
- PaO2 = Arterial oxygen partial pressure
Arterial Oxygen Content (CaO2)
Formula: CaO2 = (1.34 × Hb × SaO2) + (0.0031 × PaO2)
Where:
- Hb = Hemoglobin concentration
- SaO2 = Oxygen saturation of arterial blood
Dead Space (Bohr Equation)
Formula: Vd/Vt = (PaCO2 - PeCO2) / PaCO2
Where:
- Vd/Vt = Dead space to tidal volume ratio
- PeCO2 = Mixed expired CO2
Oxygen Delivery (DO2)
Formula: DO2 = CO × CaO2 × 10
Bicarbonate Calculation for Metabolic Acidosis Compensation (Winter’s formula)
Formula: Expected PaCO2 = 1.5 × [HCO3-] + 8 ± 2
Minute Ventilation (VE)
Formula: VE = Tidal Volume (VT) × Respiratory Rate (RR)
Alveolar Ventilation (VA)
Formula: VA = (VT - VD) × RR
Where:
- VT = Tidal Volume
- VD = Dead Space Volume
Oxygen Extraction Ratio (OER)
Formula: OER = (CaO2 - CvO2) / CaO2
Expected PaO2 based on Age
Formula: Expected PaO2 = 100 - (Age in years × 0.3)