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Navigating differences: On India-New Zealand ties
India and New Zealand stand to benefit from greater collaboration
At the 10th edition of the Raisina Dialogue, visiting New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon —
the conference’s chief guest — outlined three major geopolitical shifts shaping the world: the
replacement of rules with power, the rise of security over economic considerations, and a move from
trade efficiency to protectionism and resilient supply chains among trusted partners. In this context,
Mr. Luxon suggested that India and New Zealand, despite their size disparity, could be ideal partners.
Both democracies share an interest in ensuring freedom of navigation in the Indo-Pacific. While New
Zealand is not part of the Quad (Australia, India, Japan, the United States) and does not seek
membership, Mr. Luxon noted the ongoing dialogue among New Zealand, Australia, Japan and South
Korea on regional issues. Following talks with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the two countries
signed a defence Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enhance military cooperation, staff
college exchanges, and naval port calls. They also agreed to restart talks on a free trade agreement,
aiming to expand their modest bilateral trade, currently under $2 billion. However, challenges
remain, particularly around market access for dairy and agricultural products, which contributed to
India’s decision to exit the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), of which New
Zealand is a member. In contrast, New Zealand’s trade with China stands at approximately $24 billion,
despite broader strategic concerns. Connectivity between the two nations received a boost, with Air
India and Air New Zealand signing a codeshare agreement that may also lead to the first direct flights
between the countries by the end of 2028.
Despite the positive tone, Mr. Modi voiced concern over “anti-India activities by certain illegal
elements” in New Zealand, referencing protests and a Khalistan referendum held by the ‘Sikhs for
Justice’ group in Auckland last November. Although previously discussed between the Foreign
Ministers, New Zealand police had ruled the protests to be lawful. In response, Mr. Luxon reaffirmed
New Zealand’s commitment to free expression and noted the importance of not importing foreign
political conflicts into its diverse immigrant communities. While such concerns are legitimate, raising
them publicly risks deepening divisions within the 3,00,000-strong Indian diaspora and
overshadowing growing strategic and economic ties. These sensitive issues may be better handled
through diplomatic engagement in private. Ultimately, India and New Zealand stand to benefit from
greater collaboration — particularly in trade, defence, and regional stability — as two democracies
that “book-end” the Indo-Pacific. [Practice Exercise]
• Red/blue coloring of words in the sentence indicates subject verb relationship; where ‘red’
denotes ‘subject’ and ‘blue’ denotes ‘verb’.
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Vocabulary
1. Navigate (verb) – Steer, Direct, Guide, 12. Quad (noun) – Quadrilateral Security
Maneuver, Pilot मार्गदर्गन करना Dialogue (group of four nations: India, US,
Japan, Australia) क्वाड
2. Differences (noun) – Disparities, Contrasts,
Distinctions, Variations, Gaps मतभेद 13. Seek (verb) – Pursue, Search, Aim, Strive,
Request तलार् करना
3. Stand to benefit (phrase) – Gain, Profit, Reap
rewards, Be advantaged, Have an edge लाभ 14. Following (preposition) – After, Subsequent
to, In the wake of, Post, Behind के बाद
उठाना
15. Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
4. Outline (verb) – Summarize, Sketch,
(noun) – Agreement, Pact, Deal,
Describe, Detail, Draft रूपरे खा तैयार करना
Understanding, Contract समझौता ज्ञापन
5. Geopolitical (adjective) – Relating to politics
16. Exchanges (noun) – Interactions, Swaps,
influenced by geography, Strategic, Global,
Trades, Transfers, Communications आदान-
International, Territorial भू-राजनीततक
प्रदान
6. Shift (noun) – Change, Transition,
Transformation, Move, Adjustment बदलाव 17. Free trade agreement (noun) – a pact
between two or more nations to reduce
7. Consideration (noun) – Factor, Aspect, barriers to imports and exports among them.
Element, Thought, Concern ववचार मक्
ु त व्यापार समझौता
8. Protectionism (noun) – Economic policy 18. Expand (verb) – Increase, Grow, Extend,
restricting imports to protect domestic Broaden, Develop ववस्तार करना
industries, Trade barriers, Tariffs, Import
restrictions संरक्षणवाद 19. Modest (adjective) – Moderate, Humble,
Limited, Small, Unassuming मामल
ू ी
9. Resilient (adjective) – Strong, Tough,
Durable, Flexible, Robust मज़बूत 20. Regional Comprehensive Economic
Partnership (RCEP) (noun) – A trade
10. Disparity (noun) – Inequality, Gap, agreement among Asia-Pacific nations क्षेत्रीय
Difference, Imbalance, Contrast असमानता
व्यापक आर्थगक भार्ीदारी
11. Navigation (noun) – Movement, Travel,
21. In contrast (phrase) – On the other hand,
Sailing, Piloting, Steering नौसंचालन Conversely, Differently, Oppositely,
Alternatively इसके ववपरीत
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22. Stand (at) (verb) – Be at, Amount to, Total, 30. Diverse (adjective) – Varied, Mixed,
Reach, Equal पर होना Multifaceted, Heterogeneous, Assorted
ववववध
23. Codeshare agreement (noun) – A
partnership between airlines to share flights 31. Immigrant (adjective) – Migrant, Settler,
and routes कोडर्ेयर समझौता Expatriate, Foreigner, Newcomer प्रवासी
24. Lead (to) (verb) – Result in, Cause, Bring 32. Legitimate (adjective) – Valid, Justified,
about, Trigger, Produce वजह बनना Reasonable, Lawful, Genuine वैध
25. Voice (verb) – Express, Articulate, State, 33. Division (noun) – Split, Disagreement,
Declare, Utter व्यक्त करना Conflict, Rift, Separation ववभाजन
26. Referendum (noun) – Public vote, Poll, 34. Diaspora (noun) – Expatriates, Emigrants,
Ballot, Plebiscite, Election जनमत संग्रह Migrants, Community, Settlers प्रवासी
27. Rule (verb) – Decide, Declare, Judge, 35. Overshadow (verb) – Dominate, Eclipse,
Determine, Adjudicate तनणगय करना Outshine, Surpass, Dwarf छा जाना
28. Reaffirm (verb) – Confirm, Restate, Reiterate, 36. Diplomatic (adjective) – Tactful, Polite,
Assert, Validate पुष्टि करना Strategic, Sensitive, Prudent कूिनीततक
29. Commitment (noun) – Dedication, Pledge, 37. Book-end (verb) – Frame, Bracket, Enclose,
Promise, Obligation, Assurance प्रततबद्धता Surround, Anchor दोनों छोरों पर होना
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Summary of the Editorial
1. Geopolitical shifts: New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon highlighted three key global trends:
the rise of power over rules, security over economics, and protectionism over trade efficiency, shaping
the world order.
2. Ideal partnership: Despite differences in size, India and New Zealand share democratic values and a
common interest in ensuring freedom of navigation in the Indo-Pacific.
3. New Zealand’s regional role: While not part of the Quad, New Zealand engages in dialogue with
Australia, Japan, and South Korea on regional security and economic issues.
4. Defence cooperation: India and New Zealand signed a defence MoU to enhance military collaboration,
including staff college exchanges and naval port calls.
5. Trade talks revival: Both nations agreed to restart negotiations on a free trade agreement to expand
their modest bilateral trade, currently under $2 billion.
6. Trade challenges: Market access for dairy and agricultural products remains a sticking point,
contributing to India’s exit from the RCEP, which includes New Zealand.
7. New Zealand-China trade: New Zealand’s trade with China is significantly higher at $24 billion, despite
strategic concerns about China’s influence.
8. Improved connectivity: Air India and Air New Zealand signed a codeshare agreement, with plans for
direct flights between the two countries by late 2028.
9. Concerns over anti-India activities: PM Modi raised concerns about protests and a Khalistan
referendum in New Zealand, organized by the ‘Sikhs for Justice’ group.
10. New Zealand’s stance: PM Luxon reaffirmed New Zealand’s commitment to free expression and
avoiding the import of foreign political conflicts into its diverse immigrant communities.
11. Diplomatic sensitivities: Publicly addressing such issues risks deepening divisions within New Zealand’s
3,00,000-strong Indian diaspora and overshadowing bilateral ties.
12. Private diplomacy: Sensitive issues like diaspora-related tensions may be better addressed through
private diplomatic channels.
13. Shared Indo-Pacific interests: Both nations, located at opposite ends of the Indo-Pacific, have a shared
interest in regional stability and security.
14. Strategic and economic collaboration: India and New Zealand can benefit from deeper cooperation in
trade, defence, and regional stability.
15. Balancing act: While challenges exist, both countries must navigate differences carefully to strengthen
their partnership and capitalize on shared democratic values and strategic interests.
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Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based
1. What was one of the key agreements signed between India and New Zealand following talks
between Prime Ministers Narendra Modi and Christopher Luxon? [Editorial Page]
A. A space research collaboration
B. A defence Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
C. A nuclear energy treaty
D. A climate change pact
2. Christopher Luxon, Prime Minister of New Zealand, highlighted that the world is moving
away from trade efficiency and toward protectionism and _______ supply chains among
trusted partners.
A. indefinite
B. revolutionary
C. resilient
D. unconditional
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. India and New Zealand have robust bilateral trade exceeding $24 billion.
B. New Zealand is a member of the Quad and actively seeks membership.
C. India and New Zealand have signed a defence MoU to enhance military cooperation.
D. India fully resolved dairy and agricultural access issues, prompting it to join RCEP.
4. What major concern did Prime Minister Narendra Modi raise about activities in New
Zealand?
A. Anti-India activities and a Khalistan referendum by the ‘Sikhs for Justice’ group
B. Declining economic ties between India and New Zealand
C. Lack of cultural exchanges between the two countries
D. Inadequate support for Indian students in New Zealand
5. Who reaffirmed New Zealand’s commitment to free expression and cautioned against
importing foreign political conflicts?
A. Narendra Modi
B. Christopher Luxon
C. The ‘Sikhs for Justice’ group
D. The Indian diaspora in New Zealand
6. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
Fantastic
A. Graceful
B. Fanciful
C. Delicate
D. Practical
7. Select the most appropriate adjective to fill in the blank.
After coming from a long journey he said, “It feels so _________ to be home”.
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A. better
B. best
C. much good
D. good
8. The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains
a grammatical error.
The company decided / to phase up its / outdated technology / and embrace innovation
A. outdated technology
B. The company decided
C. and embrace innovation.
D. to phase up its
9. Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word..
A. Lecture
B. Postuer
C. Gesture
D. Culture
10. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
Gregarious
A. Isolated
B. Sociable
C. Reserved
D. Introverted
11. Select the option that will improve the underlined part of the given sentence.
The sports teacher saw across the game and punished the students who were cheating in the
game
A. underneath
B. beside
C. through
D. beneath
12. Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word…
A. Vigilante
B. Masquerade
C. Squadroun
D. Caricature
13. Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the highlighted group of
words in the given sentence.
We went to Bowbazaar in Kolkata to see the buildings for the lodging and accommodation of
soldiers.
A. mints
B. paddocks
C. barracks
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D. hostels
14. The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains
an error in the usage of indefinite articles.
We have invited / our friends / for a / dinner
A. for a
B. dinner
C. our friends
D. We have invited
15. Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word.
A. Protein
B. Competent
C. Soliloquy
D. Choronology
16. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
Fabricate
A. Garments
B. Construct
C. Floral
D. Fascinate
17. The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains
a grammatical error.
The manager had / thrown up the / drunk people sitting / inside his office premises.
A. inside his office premises
B. thrown up the
C. The manager had
D. drunk people sitting
18. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Piquant
A. Bitter
B. Delicious
C. Bland
D. Delectable
19. Select the idiom that can substitute the bracketed word segment correctly and complete the
given sentence meaningfully.
The negotiations reached a point where both parties had to (confront the consequences of
their actions) and make tough decisions
A. break a leg
B. cut corners
C. face the music
D. get cold feet
20. Select the most appropriate synonym of the underlined word in the following sentence.
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You must adhere to the rules of this place.
A. Aware
B. Remember
C. Comply
D. Strict
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and
select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Man, it would seem, has (1)______ from arboreal apes. They lived a happy life in tropical
forests, eating coconuts when they were hungry, and throwing them at each other when they
were not. They were (2)______ occupied in gymnastics and acquired an
(3)______ which to us is truly (4)______. But after some millions of years of this arboreal
paradise, their numbers increased to the point where the supply of coconuts was no longer
(5)________.
21. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.
A. descended
B. extended
C. ascended
D. recommended
22. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.
A. professionally
B. perpetually
C. conspiratorially
D. bisectionally
23. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.
A. variability
B. agility
C. civility
D. density
24. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.
A. astonishing
B. disappointing
C. boring
D. frightening
25. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.
A. adequate
B. consecrate
C. deficient
D. delicate
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Answers
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6.B 7.D 8. D 9. B 10. B 11.C 12.C
13. C 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.C 20.C 21.A 22.B 23.B 24.A
25. A [Practice Exercise]
Explanations
1. B) A defence Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
The passage states that India and New Zealand “signed a defence Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) to enhance military cooperation, staff college exchanges, and naval port
calls.”
A: A space research collaboration is not mentioned anywhere in the passage.
C: There is no reference in the passage to a nuclear energy treaty between India and New
Zealand.
D: While climate change can be an important issue, the passage does not mention any climate
change pact being signed.
2. C) resilient
The passage specifically notes a global shift “from trade efficiency to protectionism and
resilient supply chains among trusted partners.” Therefore, “resilient” is the term Christopher
Luxon used.
A: “Indefinite” does not appear in the context of supply chains in the passage.
B: “Revolutionary” is not mentioned; the passage points to reliability and trust, not revolution.
D: “Unconditional” does not accurately capture the requirement for secure and dependable
supply chains implied by the passage.
3. C) India and New Zealand have signed a defence MoU to enhance military cooperation.
The passage clearly states that, following talks between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and
Prime Minister Christopher Luxon, the two countries signed a defence Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) to enhance military cooperation, including staff college exchanges and
naval port calls.
A: India and New Zealand’s bilateral trade is under $2 billion, not $24 billion. ($24 billion is New
Zealand’s trade with China.)
B: New Zealand is not part of the Quad and does not seek membership; the passage explicitly
clarifies this.
D: India exited RCEP partly due to challenges in dairy and agricultural market access, so it did
not resolve these issues and did not join RCEP.
4. A) Anti-India activities and a Khalistan referendum by the ‘Sikhs for Justice’ group
The passage states that Mr. Modi voiced concern over “anti-India activities by certain illegal
elements” and specifically references protests and a Khalistan referendum organized by the
‘Sikhs for Justice’ group in Auckland.
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B: The passage does not mention declining economic ties as Mr. Modi’s primary concern;
instead, it emphasizes the strategic and economic collaboration.
C: Lack of cultural exchanges is not raised as a key issue in this context.
D: The passage does not mention student-related grievances or inadequate support in New
Zealand.
5. B) Christopher Luxon
According to the passage, Christopher Luxon, Prime Minister of New Zealand, “reaffirmed New
Zealand’s commitment to free expression” and highlighted the importance of not bringing
external political conflicts into its diverse immigrant communities.
A: Narendra Modi is the Prime Minister of India, who expressed concerns about the protests
but did not reaffirm New Zealand’s stance on free expression.
C: The ‘Sikhs for Justice’ group was behind the protests and the Khalistan referendum, not a
statement on free expression.
D: The Indian diaspora is the community affected by these events; they did not officially
reaffirm any national commitment to free expression.
6. B) Fantastic (adjective) – Imaginative, unrealistic, extraordinary, or fanciful in nature. अद् भुत,
कल्पनाशील
Synonym: Fanciful (adjective) – Over-imaginative, unrealistic, whimsical, or creative. काल्पननक
• Graceful (adjective): Having or showing elegance, smoothness, or beauty. सुुंदर
• Delicate (adjective): Fine, fragile, or requiring careful handling. कोमल, नाजु क
• Practical (adjective): Concerned with the actual doing or use of something, sensible.
व्यावहाररक
7. D) 'Good' का use होगा क्ोुंनक 'good' एक adjective है जो "home" के साथ सही तरीके से निट
होता है और आराम या खुशी की भावना को व्यक्त करता है। sentence में यह mention है
नक लुंबी यात्रा के बाद घर वापस आने पर उसे अच्छा महसूस हो रहा है, इसनलए 'good' यहााँ
सही है। जबनक 'better' का use तुलना के नलए नकया जाता है और यह वाक् में आवश्यकता
नहीुं है। 'best' का use superlative निग्री के नलए होता है और यह भी वाक् के अथथ के अनुसार
उपयुक्त नहीुं है। 'much good' एक गलत phrase है ।
‘Good' will be used because 'good' is an adjective that fits well with "home" and expresses a
sense of comfort or happiness. The sentence implies that after a long journey, he feels good
being home, making 'good' the most suitable choice here. 'Better' is used for comparison,
which is not required in this context. 'Best' is a superlative form, which is also not appropriate
for the given sentence. 'Much good' is an incorrect phrase and does not follow proper
grammar rules in this sentence.
8. D) यहााँ 'phase up' का use गलत है। सही वाक् में 'phase out' का use होगा, क्ोुंनक 'phase
out' का अथथ है 'पुरानी चीजोुं को धीरे -धीरे हटाना' (to gradually remove or stop using
something).
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The error lies in "to phase up its". The correct phrase should be 'phase out', as 'phase out'
means to gradually remove or stop using something, which fits the context of the sentence.
Example: The company decided to phase out its outdated policies
9. B) The incorrect spelling is Postuer, which should be correctly spelled as Posture. आसन
10. B) Gregarious (adjective): Fond of company; sociable; outgoing; friendly. समाजनिय, मिलनसार
Synonym: Sociable – Enjoying socializing, friendly, outgoing, extroverted. नमलनसार
• Isolated (adjective): Detached or separated; lonely or removed from others. अलग
• Reserved (adjective): Quiet, shy, or restrained in expressing oneself. आरनित
• Introverted (adjective): Shy, inward-looking, or focused on one's own thoughts rather
than external socialization. अुं तमुथखी
11. C) 'across ' के बदले ‘ through’ का use होर्ा क्योंकक 'see through' एक phrasal verb है, ष्जसका अथग
होता है "धोखाधडी या चालबाज़ी को समझ जाना या पहचान लेना"। "across" का use वाक् में सही
नहीुं है क्ोुंनक यह नकसी वस्तु या स्थान के एक ओर से दू सरी ओर की स्स्थनत या गनत को
दशाथता है। इस सुंदभथ में "through" यह इुं नगत करता है नक खेल के दौरान गनतनवनधयोुं को
ध्यानपूवथक दे खा गया।
The word "across" is not appropriate in the sentence because it indicates movement or
position from one side to another. The correct word is "through," which indicates observing or
perceiving an event in its entirety or within a specific frame.
12. C) The incorrectly spelled word in the given options is ‘Squadroun’. The correct spelling is
‘Squadron’, which means “a unit of armed forces, especially an operational unit in an air force
or a large group of people or things.” इसका अथथ है “सैननक टु कडी, नवशेष रूप से वायु सेना
की एक पररचालन इकाई या लोगोुं या चीजोुं का बडा समूह।”
13. C) Barracks (noun) – Buildings for the lodging and accommodation of soldiers सैननकोुं के रहने
और आवास के नलए इमारतें
• Mints (noun) – A place where coins are manufactured. सिक्के बनाने की जगह
• Paddocks (noun) – A small field or enclosure where horses are kept or exercised. घोडो़ों
को
• Barracks (noun) – Buildings designed to house military personnel. िैसनको़ों के रहने
और आवाि के सिए भवन
14. A) भोजन जैसे “dinner,” “lunch,” आनद uncountable होते हैं, और इनके पहले “a” का use नहीुं
नकया जाता जब तक नक उनके साथ कोई adjective नहीुं होते जैसे: “a lavish dinner” या “a
grand dinner।”
Meals such as “dinner” are uncountable nouns and typically do not require an article unless
qualified. The indefinite article “a” is used when the meal is modified by an adjective, e.g., “a
formal dinner.”
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15. D) The incorrect spelling is "Choronology", which should be correctly spelled as "Chronology."
घटनाओुं या नतनथयोुं को उनके घटने के क्रम में व्यवस्स्थत करना।
16. B) Fabricate (verb) – To invent, create, or build something, typically for a specific purpose; to
forge or falsify. गढ़ना, बनाना, नननमथ त करना।
Synonym: Construct (verb) – To build or assemble something systematically; to create or form.
ननमाथण करना।
• Garments (noun): Clothes or attire worn on the body. वस्त्र।
• Floral (adjective): Relating to flowers. फूिो़ों िे ि़ोंब़ोंसित।
• Fascinate (verb): To attract or capture someone's attention or interest. मोसहत करना।
17. B) sentence में 'thrown up' का use गलत है। 'thrown up' का अथथ 'उल्टी करना' होता है, जो
यहााँ सुंदभथ में निट नहीुं बैठता। इस वाक् में 'remove' या 'force out' जैसे भाव व्यक्त करने के
नलए 'thrown out' का use नकया जाना चानहए, क्ोुंनक मैनेजर ने शराब नपए हुए लोगोुं को
कायाथ लय से बाहर ननकाल नदया था।
The use of 'thrown up' is incorrect as it means 'to vomit,' which does not fit the context of the
sentence. The manager is removing or expelling the drunk people from his office, so the
correct phrase should be 'thrown out', meaning 'to remove' or 'to expel.'
18. C) Piquant (adjective): Having a pleasantly sharp or appetizing flavor; spicy, tangy, zesty. तीखा,
मसालेदार
ANTONYM: Bland (adjective): Lacking strong features or characteristics, particularly in flavor;
dull, tasteless, unseasoned. िीका, बेस्वाद
• Bitter (adjective) – Having a sharp, pungent taste or smell; unpleasantly sharp. कडवा
• Delicious (adjective) – Highly pleasant to the taste; delightful, tasty.: स्वानदष्ट
• Delectable (adjective) – Extremely delicious or appealing; tasty, scrumptious. लाजवाब,
स्वानदष्ट
19. C) face the music (idiom) - to accept and deal with the unpleasant consequences of one’s
actions अपने ककए र्ए कायों के पररणामों का सामना करना
20. C) Adhere (verb) – To stick firmly to something, or to follow a rule or practice. . पालन करना
Synonym: Comply – To act in accordance with a rule, command, or request. पालन करना
• Aware (adjective) – Having knowledge or perception of a situation or fact. जागरूक
• Remember (verb) – To bring to one's mind an awareness of someone or something
from the past याद रखना
• Strict (adjective) – Demanding that rules or regulations are closely followed. कडा
21. 'A) Descended' का use होगा क्ोुंनक "descended" का अथथ है नकसी उच्च स्थान से नीचे आना
या नकसी पूवथज से उत्पन्न होना। यहााँ वाक् में बताया गया है नक मनुष्य पेडोुं पर रहने वाले
बुंदरोुं से नवकनसत हुआ है, इसनलए 'descended' सही है। जबनक 'Extended' का अथथ है नवस्तार
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करना, 'Ascended' का अथथ है ऊपर चढ़ना, और 'Recommended' का अथथ है सुझाव दे ना, जो इस
सुंदभथ में सही नहीुं है।
'Descended' will be used because it means to originate or come down from a higher place or
ancestor. The sentence mentions that humans evolved from arboreal apes, making
'descended' appropriate. On the other hand, 'Extended' means to expand, 'Ascended' means
to climb up, and 'Recommended' means to suggest, none of which fit in this context.
22. B) ‘Perpetually' का use होगा क्ोुंनक इसका अथथ होता है "लगातार" या "ननरुं तर।" Passage में
यह बताया गया है नक वे लगातार gymnastics में व्यस्त रहते थे, इसनलए 'perpetually' यहााँ सही
option है। 'Professionally' का अथथ है "पेशेवर रूप से," जो यहााँ उपयुक्त नहीुं है क्ोुंनक यह
सुंदभथ पेशेवरता का नहीुं है। 'Conspiratorially' का अथथ है "षड्युंत्रपूणथ ढुं ग से," जो इस सुंदभथ में
निट नहीुं होता। 'Bisectionally' का अथथ होता है "दो भागोुं में नवभाजन," जो यहााँ लागू नहीुं है।
'Perpetually' will be used because it means "continuously" or "constantly." The passage states
that they were constantly occupied in gymnastics, making 'perpetually' the most appropriate
option here. Whereas: 'Professionally' means "in a professional manner," which doesn't suit
the context as it’s not about professionalism. 'Conspiratorially' means "in a secretive or
plotting manner," which is irrelevant in this passage. 'Bisectionally' means "divided into two
sections," which doesn’t fit the context.
23. B) Agility' का use होगा क्ोुंनक "agility" का अथथ है तेज और लचीला होने की िमता, और
passage में नजक्र नकया गया है नक ये वानर gymnastics में शानमल थे। यह शब्द इस context में
सही बैठता है क्ोुंनक gymnastics के नलए agility की आवश्यकता होती है। 'Variability' का अथथ
है नभन्नता या बदलाव की िमता, जो यहााँ gymnastics और वानरोुं की शारीररक िमता को दशाथने
के नलए उपयुक्त नहीुं है। 'Civility' का अथथ है सभ्यता या नशष्टाचार, जो वानरोुं की शारीररक
गनतनवनधयोुं को समझाने के नलए contextually सही नहीुं है। Density' का अथथ है घनत्व या
घनीभूत होना, जो gymnastics या शारीररक दिता के नलए उपयुक्त नहीुं है।
'Agility' will be used because it means the ability to move quickly and easily, which aligns with
the description of arboreal apes engaging in gymnastics. This word is contextually appropriate
as agility is required for gymnastics. 'Variability' means the ability to vary or change, which
does not suit the context of describing the physical capabilities of the apes. 'Civility' means
politeness or courtesy, which is unrelated to the physical activities mentioned. 'Density' means
the measure of compactness or crowding, which is not relevant in the context of gymnastics or
physical ability.
24. A) Astonishing' का use होगा क्ोुंनक इसका अथथ है "आश्चयथजनक या िभावशाली।" passage में
वृिीय बुंदरोुं की चुस्ती और कौशल का वणथन नकया गया है, नजसे "truly" के साथ असाधारण
कहा गया है। इसनलए, 'astonishing' सबसे appropriate शब्द है। 'Disappointing' का अथथ है
ननराशाजनक, जो passage के सकारात्मक स्वर से मेल नहीुं खाता। 'Boring' का अथथ है उबाऊ,
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जो "truly astonishing" के नवपरीत है। 'Frightening' का अथथ है िरावना, जो चुस्ती और कौशल
की िशुंसा के सुंदभथ से मेल नहीुं खाता।
'Astonishing' will be used because it means something that is extremely surprising or
impressive. The passage describes the agility and skill of the arboreal apes, which is described
as "truly" extraordinary. Hence, 'astonishing' is the most appropriate word for the context.
'Disappointing' means causing unhappiness or a lack of fulfillment, which does not align with
the positive tone of the passage. 'Boring' means dull or uninteresting, which is contradictory to
the phrase "truly astonishing" in the passage. 'Frightening' means causing fear, which does not
match the context of admiration for their agility.
25. A) 'adequate' का use नकया जाएगा क्ोुंनक 'adequate' का अथथ है पयाथप्त या पयाथप्त मात्रा में।
sentence में बताया गया है नक कुछ लाख वषों बाद उनकी सुंख्या इतनी बढ़ गई नक नाररयल
की आपूनतथ पयाथप्त नहीुं रही। इसनलए 'adequate' यहााँ सही है। जबनक 'consecrate' का अथथ है
पनवत्र करना या समनपथ त करना, 'deficient' का अथथ है कमी होना, और 'delicate' का अथथ है
नाजुक, जो इस सुंदभथ में उपयुक्त नहीुं हैं।
'adequate' will be used because it means sufficient or enough in quantity. The sentence
mentions that after some millions of years, their numbers increased to the point where the
supply of coconuts was no longer enough. Hence, 'adequate' is the correct choice.
Whereas, 'consecrate' means to make sacred or dedicate, 'deficient' means lacking or
insufficient, and 'delicate' means fragile, none of which fit the context here
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