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R E V I E W S H E E T
NAME ____________________________________
EXERCISE
LAB TIME/DATE _______________________

The Appendicular
Skeleton
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Extremity
1. Match the bone names or markings in column B with the descriptions in column A.

Column A Column B

g; deltoid tuberosity 1. raised area on lateral surface of humerus to which deltoid muscle a. acromion
attaches
b. capitulum
i; humerus 2. arm bone
c. carpals
d; clavicle , p; scapula 3. bones of the shoulder girdle
d. clavicle
o; radius , t; ulna 4. forearm bones
e. coracoid process
a; acromion 5. scapular region to which the clavicle connects
f. coronoid fossa
p; scapula 6. shoulder girdle bone that is unattached to the axial skeleton
g. deltoid tuberosity
d; clavicle 7. shoulder girdle bone that articulates with and transmits forces
to the bony thorax h. glenoid cavity

h; glenoid cavity 8. depression in the scapula that articulates with the humerus i. humerus

e; coracoid process 9. process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment j. metacarpals

d; clavicle 10. the “collarbone” k. olecranon fossa

s; trochlea 11. distal condyle of the humerus that articulates with the ulna l. olecranon process

t; ulna 12. medial bone of forearm in anatomical position m. phalanges

b; capitulum 13. rounded knob on the humerus; adjoins the radius n. radial tuberosity

f; coronoid fossa 14. anterior depression, superior to the trochlea, which receives part o. radius
of the ulna when the forearm is flexed
p. scapula
t; ulna 15. forearm bone involved in formation of the elbow joint
q. sternum
c; carpals 16. wrist bones
r. styloid process
m; phalanges 17. finger bones
s. trochlea
j; metacarpals 18. heads of these bones form the knuckles
t. ulna
p; scapula , q; sternum 19. bones that articulate with the clavicle

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2. How is the arm held clear of the widest dimension of the thoracic cage?

The clavicle acts as a strut to hold the glenoid cavity of the scapula (therefore the arm) laterally away from the narrowest dimension of

the rib cage.

3. What is the total number of phalanges in the hand? 14

4. What is the total number of carpals in the wrist? 8

Name the carpals (medial to lateral) in the proximal row. pisiform, triquetral, lunate, scaphoid

In the distal row, they are (medial to lateral) hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

5. Using items from the list at the right, identify the anatomical landmarks and regions of the scapula.

a b Key:

a. acromion
k
b. coracoid process
j
c c. glenoid cavity
i
(so
cke
t) d. inferior angle

e. infraspinous fossa
(fos
sa) l f. lateral border

g. medial border

h h. spine

i. superior angle
f (fo
ssa
)
e j. superior border

k. suprascapular notch
g l. supraspinous fossa

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6. Match the terms in the key with the appropriate leader lines on the drawings of the humerus and the radius and ulna. Also
decide whether the bones shown are right or left bones and whether the view shown is an anterior or a posterior view.
k
e Key:
d
a. anatomical neck
b
n t b. coronoid process
f c. distal radioulnar joint
a
l d. greater tubercle
o e. head of humerus
r
f. head of radius
g. head of ulna
h. lateral epicondyle
i. medial epicondyle
j. olecranon fossa
k. olecranon process
l. proximal radioulnar joint
m m. radial groove
n. radial notch
o. radial tuberosity
c p. styloid process of radius

i q. styloid process of ulna

h r. surgical neck
s. trochlea
g
(fossa)
t. trochlear notch
s
p q
j

Circle the correct term for each pair in parentheses:

The humerus is a (right/left) bone in (an anterior/a posterior) view. The radius and ulna are (right/left) bones in (an anterior/
a posterior) view.

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

7. Compare the pectoral and pelvic girdles by choosing appropriate descriptive terms from the key.
Key: a. flexibility most important d. insecure axial and limb attachments
b. massive e. secure axial and limb attachments
c. lightweight f. weight-bearing most important

Pectoral: a , c , d Pelvic: b , e , f

8. What organs are protected, at least in part, by the pelvic girdle? Uterus (female), urinary bladder, small intestine, rectum

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The true pelvis is the region inferior to the pelvic brim, which is encircled
9. Distinguish between the true pelvis and the false pelvis.______________________________________________________

by bone. The false pelvis is the area medial to the flaring iliac bones and lies superior to the pelvic brim.

10. Use letters from the key to identify the bone markings on this illustration of an articulated pelvis. Make an educated guess
as to whether the illustration shows a male or female pelvis and provide two reasons for your decision.

d b Key:
j
a. acetabulum

e b. ala of sacrum

a) c. anterior superior iliac spine

ss
(fo
d. iliac crest

e. iliac fossa

f. ischial spine
g c
g. pelvic brim

) h. pubic crest
a cket k
(so
f
i. pubic symphysis

j. sacroiliac joint
h
i k. sacrum

This is a male (female/male) pelvis because:

Acetabula are close together; pubic angle/arch is less than 90°; narrow sacrum, heart-shaped pelvic inlet.

11. Deduce why the pelvic bones of a four-legged animal such as the cat or pig are much less massive than those of the human.

The pelvic girdle does not have to carry the entire weight of the trunk in the quadruped animal.

12. A person instinctively curls over his abdominal area in times of danger. Why? Abdominal area organs receive the least

protection from the skeletal system.

13. For what anatomical reason do many women appear to be slightly knock-kneed? The pelvis is broader and the acetabula

and ilia are more laterally positioned. Thus, the femur runs downward to the knee more obliquely than in the male.

How might this anatomical arrangement contribute to knee injuries in female athletes? The more oblique angle in females
causes greater forces on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during knee rotation, and the smaller female intercondylar notch can pinch

the ACL during twisting or hyperextended movements. Both events can cause a tear or rupture of the ACL.

14. What does fallen arches mean? A weakening of the tendons and ligaments supporting the arches of the foot.

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15. Match the bone names and markings in column B with the descriptions in column A.

Column A Column B
i; ilium a. acetabulum
, k; ischium , and

t; pubis b. calcaneus
1. fuse to form the coxal bone

k; ischium c. femur
2. “sit-down” bone of the coxal bone

s; pubic symphysis d. fibula

3. point where the coxal bones join anteriorly

h; iliac crest e. gluteal tuberosity

4. superiormost margin of the coxal bone

a; acetabulum f. greater and lesser

5. deep socket in the coxal bone that receives the head of the
trochanters
thigh bone

u; sacroiliac joint g. greater sciatic notch

6. joint between axial skeleton and pelvic girdle

c; femur h. iliac crest

7. longest, strongest bone in body

d; fibula i. ilium
8. thin lateral leg bone

x; tibia j. ischial tuberosity

9. heavy medial leg bone

c; femur k. ischium
, x; tibia 10. bones forming knee joint

y; tibial tuberosity l. lateral malleolus

11. point where the patellar ligament attaches

r; patella m. lesser sciatic notch

12. kneecap

x; tibia n. linea aspera

13. shinbone

o; medial malleolus o. medial malleolus

14. medial ankle projection

l; lateral malleolus p. metatarsals

15. lateral ankle projection

b; calcaneus q. obturator foramen

16. largest tarsal bone

w; tarsals r. patella
17. ankle bones

p; metatarsals s. pubic symphysis

18. bones forming the instep of the foot

q; obturator foramen t. pubis

19. opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami

e; gluteal tuberosity f; greater and u. sacroiliac joint

and 20. sites of muscle attachment on
lesser trochanters the proximal femur
v. talus
v; talus 21. tarsal bone that “sits” on the calcaneus
w. tarsals
x; tibia 22. weight-bearing bone of the leg
x. tibia
v; talus 23. tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia
y. tibial tuberosity

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16. Match the terms in the key with the appropriate leader lines on the drawings of the femur and the tibia and fibula. Also de-
cide if these bones are right or left bones and whether the view shown is an anterior or a posterior view.
g
Key:
b d

i a. distal tibiofibular joint

e m
f b. fovea capitis
p
c. gluteal tuberosity
h

l s d. greater trochanter
c q
e. head of femur

f. head of fibula

g. intercondylar eminence

h. intertrochanteric crest
r
i. lateral condyle

j. lateral epicondyle

k. lateral malleolus

l. lesser trochanter

m. medial condyle
j
n. medial epicondyle
n
o. medial malleolus
a o
m k p. neck of femur
i

q. proximal tibiofibular joint

r. tibial anterior border

s. tibial tuberosity

Circle the correct term for each pair in parentheses:

The femur is a (right/left) bone in (an anterior/a posterior) view. The tibia and fibula are (right/left) bones in (an anterior/
a posterior) view.

Summary of Skeleton
17. Identify all indicated bones (or groups of bones) in the diagram of the articulated skeleton on page 163.

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parietal
frontal
temporal

maxilla
occipital
mandible

sternum clavicle

scapula
rib (false)

humerus
radius
vertebra (lumbar)

ulna ilium

carpals sacrum

metacarpals

phalanges

ischium femur

pubis (pubic bone)

patella talus

tibia calcaneus

fibula
metatarsals

tarsals
phalanges

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