DAR ES SALAAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
EET 05214

SEMESTER 2 2021/2022

OD 20 EE-1/2 & OD 20 BEE 1/2

LECTURE 4
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 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• Controlled rectifiers are basically AC to DC converters. The power transferred to the load is controlled by controlling
triggering angle of the devices. The triggering angle ‘α’ of the devices is controlled by the control circuit. The input to the
controlled rectifier is normally AC mains. The output of the controlled rectifier is adjustable DC voltage. Hence the power
transferred across the load is regulated.

Types of controlled rectifiers

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 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH RESISTIVE LOAD

When supply end A is positive, thyristor T1 is triggered into conduction. Load current flows through thyristor T1, load resistor
RL diode D2 and back to supply. During other half cycle, supply end B becomes positive. Now SCR T2 is fired. T2 along with
diode D1 conduct the load current in the same direction as before to supply DC power to the load. Each set conducts for a
period from ‘α’ degrees to 180 degrees ( π radian).

A circuit diagram of a single phase half controlled bridge rectifier with resistive load 3
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH RESISTIVE LOAD

The figure shows the waveforms of the supply voltage and trigger pulse (in the above waveforms). When the trigger pulse is
applied in the gate terminal, the thyristor is turned into conduction mode. The conduction exists only when the thyristor is forward
biased [defined by a period from ‘α’ degrees to 180 degrees ( π radian)].
The figure also shows the load voltage and current when the two sets of thyristors and diodes are conducting. The output voltage is
given by . When firing angle is increased, the DC output voltage is lower and vice-versa.

Waveform of a single phase half controlled bridge rectifier with resistive load 4
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH RESISTIVE LOAD

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 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH RESISTIVE LOAD

Examples.
A 220Ω resistor is connected in series with the gate of an SCR as shown in Fig.1. The gate current required to fire the SCR is
7mA. What is the input voltage (Vin) required to fire the SCR?

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 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH RESISTIVE LOAD

Examples.
An a.c. voltage v = 240 sin314 t is applied to an SCR half-wave rectifier. If the SCR has a forward breakdown voltage of 180 V,
find the time during which SCR remains off.

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 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH RESISTIVE LOAD

Examples.
A half-wave rectifier circuit employing an SCR is adjusted to have a gate current of 1mA. The forward breakdown voltage of SCR
is 100 V for Ig = 1mA. If a sinusoidal voltage of 200 V peak is applied, find (i) firing angle (ii) conduction angle (iii) average
current. Assume load resistance = 100Ω and the holding current to be zero.

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 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH RESISTIVE LOAD

Examples.
An SCR half-wave rectifier has a forward breakdown voltage of 150 V when a gate current of 1 mA flows in the gate circuit. If a
sinusoidal voltage of 400 V peak is applied, find (i) firing angle (ii) average output voltage (iii) average current for a load
resistance of 200Ω (iv) power output. Assume that the gate current is 1mA throughout and the forward breakdown voltage is more
than 400 V when Ig = 1 mA.

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 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH RESISTIVE LOAD

Examples.
In an SCR half-wave rectifier circuit, what peak-load current will occur if we measure an average (d.c.) load current of 1A at a
firing angle of 30°?

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 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH RESISTIVE LOAD

Examples.
Power (brightness) of a 100W, 110 V tungsten lamp is to be varied by controlling the firing angle of an SCR in a half-wave
rectifier circuit supplied with 110 V a.c. What r.m.s. voltage and current are developed in the lamp at firing angle α = 60°?

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 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH RESISTIVE LOAD

Examples.
The SCR of Fig. 4 has gate trigger voltage VT = 0.7V, gate trigger current IT = 7 mA and holding current IH = 6 mA.
(i) What is the output voltage when the SCR is off ? (ii) What is the input voltage that triggers the SCR ?
(iii) If VCC is decreased until the SCR opens, what is the value of VCC ?

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 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• GROUP ASSIGNMENT FOR GROUP 1&2 – BEE1

Power (brightness) of a 500 W, 220 V theatre lamp is to be controlled by varying the firing angle of an SCR in a half-wave rectifier
circuit supplied with 220 V a.c.
Execute the following:
(i) Connect the given circuit on the Proteus software
(ii) Simulate the circuit at the firing angles of 0, 10, 30, 60, 75, 90, and 120°
(iii) Obtain the r.m.s. voltage and current developed in the lamp at the given firing angles.
Theatre lamp
(iv) Prepare the report in a word document.
SCR
(v) Present the results in the PowerPoint form. AC supply
Link: [Link]

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 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• GROUP ASSIGNMENT FOR GROUP 1&2 – BEE2

Power (brightness) of a 700 W, 240 V theatre lamp is to be controlled by varying the firing angle of an SCR in a half-wave rectifier
circuit supplied with 240 V a.c.
Execute the following:
(i) Connect the given circuit on the Proteus software
(ii) Simulate the circuit at the firing angles of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 140, and 180°
(iii) Obtain the r.m.s. voltage and current developed in the lamp at the given firing angles.
Theatre lamp
(iv) Prepare the report in a word document.
SCR
(v) Present the results in the PowerPoint form. AC supply
Link: [Link]

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 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• GROUP ASSIGNMENT FOR GROUP 1&2 – EE1

Thermal energy of a 1.20 kW, 400 V electric furnace is controlled by varying the firing angle of an SCR in a half-wave rectifier
circuit supplied with 400 V a.c. The firing angles are produced by varying α from 0 to 90° .
Execute the following:
(i) Connect the given circuit on the Proteus software.
(ii) Simulate the circuit at the given firing angles.
(iii) Obtain the firing angles required to develop half, three-quarter and full load voltage and Electric furnace
current in the electric furnace.
SCR
(iv) Prepare the report in a word document. AC supply
(v) Present the results in the PowerPoint form.
Link: [Link]
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 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

• GROUP ASSIGNMENT FOR GROUP 1&2 – EE2

Thermal energy of a 2.0 kW, 500 V electric furnace is controlled by varying the firing angle of an SCR in a half-wave rectifier
circuit supplied with 500 V a.c. The firing angles are produced by varying α from 0 to 90° .
Execute the following:
(i) Connect the given circuit on the Proteus software.
(ii) Simulate the circuit at the given firing angles.
(iii) Obtain the firing angles required to develop a quarter, two-third and full load voltage and Electric furnace
current in the electric furnace.
SCR
(iv) Prepare the report in a word document. AC supply
(v) Present the results in the PowerPoint form.
Link: [Link]
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