Surgery Practical
X-Rays
1- X-ray KUB – Multiple Radio-opaque shadows on Left side L3-4 level
suggestive of Renal calculus Renal calculus Etiology C/F Ix Rx
2- X-ray KUB – Large Smooth Radio-opaque shadow in Pelvis suggestive of
Vesical calculus Mostly Phosphate stone
Read IVU vs IVP Vesical calculus types Primary & Secondary Etiology C/F
Ix Rx
3- X-ray KUB - showing Multiple radio-opaque areas in pelvis , Ureter ,
Pelvis suggestive of Multiple Vesical , ureterine , Renal Pelvic Calculus
Rx- multiple surgeries for each level stone
4- X-Ray IVU – showing dilated calyx radio-opaque
early film (15 min) - shadow at PUJ dilated ureter on both siides
Late films (45 min & post voided) – show left sided radio-opaque
shadows at renal pelvis and dilated ureter
Suggesting left sided stone in ureter
5- Double J Stent – after ESWL stone is removed & this wire is put in
urinary tract to maintain its patency Removed after 6 weeks via
Cystoscopy
Importance – maintain patency of urinary tract and facilitate removal of
retained stone fragments from sideways
6- X-Ray Abdomen Standing/Chest showing Gas under Diaphragm on both
sides (Pneumoperitonium)
Left side – liver and diaphragm separated by gas
Right side – Stomach wall and diaphragm separated by gas with fundic
shadow below stomach wall
7- X-ray Abdomen Barium enema – showing dilated Rectum & colon with
constricted distal rectal part suggestive of Hirshprung’s Disease
Read Hirshprung’s Disease
8- X-ray Chest – showing Right sided multiple Rib fractures with Right
sided ICD for Pneumothorax /Hemopneumothorax
Read ICD procedure Types of ICD
9- X-ray Chest Digital – showing Multiple air fluid levels suggestive of small
bowel obstruction
Cardiomegaly Boot Shaped Heart & Post operative Metallic wires at the
level of sternum after thoracotomy
10- X-ray Chest with abdomen - showing Infant feeding tube which is
not descending below the level of upper third oesophagus suggestive of
Trcheo-oesophageal fistula
Read Tracheo-oesophageal fistula types Rx
11- X-ray Chest – Showing Cervical Rib (look At C7 vertebra )
Read Cervical rib Types thoracic outlet syndrome C/f Ix Rx
12- Fistulogram – Fistula in ano
Read Goodel’s rule & classification
13- Invertogram – X-ray pelvis in inverted position of child with coin
at the level of anus showing Air fluid levels suggestive for Imperforated
Anus
Read Imperforated Anus Types High anal Low anal demarcated by line
joining pubic symphisis and Coccyx C/f Ix Rx Temp Colostomy then Sx at
6-9 months
Instruments
1- Sponge holding Forceps
2- Alie’s Forceps
3- Babcock’s Forceps
4- Plain Forceps
5- Toothed Forceps
6- Haemostatic Artery Forceps –
- Large
- Medium
- Small (Mosquito)
- Curved
7- Mixter’s Forceps
8- Kocher’s Clamps / Forceps
9- Intestinal Clamp
10- Vascular Forceps
11- Towel clips (types)
12- Tissue cutter
Note – it is sterilised in 2% Gluteraldehyde solution / Formalin
chamber
Never autoclaved as autoclaving reduces its sharpness
13- Retractors
Doyne’s Retractor
Dweyer’s (S-shaped) Retractor
Langhan’s (Right angled) Retractor
C-Shaped Retractor
Fenesteto’s Self retaining (Chest wall) Retractor
Balfort’s Self retaining (Abdominal wall) Retractor
14- CRD – Corrugated Rubber drain
15- Abdominal Tube Drain
16- Foley’s catheter
17- Infant Feeding Tube
18- Gigly saw (Bone Cutting Wire)
19- Blades & Handle
No.11 - Stab
No.15 - Paediatric
No.20 & 21 – Adult
20- Syringe
21- Spinal Needle
22- Sutures & Needles
Prolene(Polypropylene)
Nylon (Polyethylene)
Vicryl
Catgut
Silk
Note – Lable shows its name no shows tensile strength and then
length
Specimens
1- Ca. Breast
2- Hydronephrosis
3- Ca. Stomach
4- Ca. Colon
5- Intussusception
6- Small bowel gangrene
7- Trichobezoar
8- Gall bladder stones
9- Liver secondary metastasis
10- Ca. Penis
11- Testicular Tumour
Surgical Procedures
1- Appendectomy
2- Suprapubic catheter
3- Bassini’s repair
4- Eversion of sac
5- Lichtenstein’s meshplasty
6- Circumcision
7- Suprapubic Cystolithotmy
8- Cholecystectomy
9- Hemithyroidectomy
10- MRM – Modified Radicle Mastectomy
11- Incision & Drainage
12- ICD
13- Venesection