CUMIN PROCESSING
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INTRODUCTION
❖ Indian spices include a variety of spices grown across the Indian
subcontinent (a sub-region of South Asia). With different climates in
different parts of the country, India produces a variety of spices, many of
which are native to the subcontinent.
❖ Others were imported from similar climates and have since been cultivated
locally for centuries. Pepper, turmeric, cardamom, and cumin are some
example of Indian spices.
❖ Spices are used in different forms: whole, chopped, ground, roasted,
sautéed, fried, and as a topping. They blend food to extract the nutrients
and bind them in a palatable form.
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INTRODUCTION
❖ Some spices are added at the end as flavouring — those are typically
heated in a pan with ghee or cooking oil before being added to a dish.
Lighter spices are added last, and spices with strong flavour should be
added first.
❖ Each spice has a different texture, unique aroma, and enhancing features
that bring out the best of the ingredients and make food delectable.
❖ India, known as the home of spices, boasts a long history of trading with the
ancient civilizations of Rome and China.
❖ Today, Indian spices are the most sought-after globally, given their exquisite
aroma, texture, taste and medicinal value.
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CUMIN
❖ Cumin Powder or ground cumin (also known as Jeera Powder) is made by
powdering dry roasted cumin seeds in a grinder.
❖ Known as Cuminum Cyminum, cumin is obtained from a flowering plant
that is majorly grown in India, North Africa, and the Middle East.
❖ These cumin seeds are then dried and powdered just like chilli powder is
made from dried red chillies and then used in various cuisines.
❖ Cumin is rich in Vitamin E and hence it has anti-aging properties.
❖ Research shows that Homemade Cumin Powder just like cumin essential oil
is very digestive, antiseptic, and diuretic. Not only is it good for your taste
buds but it also helps you when you want to lose weight.
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CUMIN
❖ The flavoring property of cumin is due to aromatic essential oil, which can
be easily steam distilled. Oil can be fractionated if necessary to improve the
quality.
❖ The main constituent of cumin oil is cumin aldehyle, which shows strong
antifungal activity.
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THE PHYSICO- CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CUMIN
SEEDS
Moisture 6.2%
Protein 17.7%
Fat 23.8%
Carbohydrate 35.5%
Crude fibre 9.1%
Mineral matters 7.7%
Calcium 0.9%
Phosphorus 0.45%
Sodium 0.16%
Iron 0.048%
Vitamin B-1 0.73mg
Vitamin B-2 0.38mg
Vitamin C 17.2mg
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PROCESSING OF CUMIN POWDER
❖ In Sanskrit, cumin is known as Jiraka “that which helps digestion" and is
called zira in Persian/Urdu. In the Ayurvedic system, dried cumin seeds are
believed to have medicinal purposes.
❖ These seeds are powdered and used in different forms like kashaya
(decoction), arishta (fermented decoction), vati (tablet/pills), and
processed with ghee (a semifluid clarified butter)
❖ In southern Indian states, such as Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu,
a popular drink called Jira water is made by boiling cumin seeds. Jeera is
stimulant, antispasmodic and carminative.
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PROCESSING OF CUMIN POWDER
HARVESTING
DRYING
THRESHING & WINNOWING
GRINDING
PULVERIZING
PACKAGING
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PROCESSING OF CUMIN POWDER
❖ HARVESTING : The seeds are harvested about 4 months after planting when
the plant begins to wither and the seeds change from dark green to brown-
yellow colour. The whole plant is removed from the ground. The seed is small
and boat shaped with nine ridges along the length. The seeds are harvested by
removing the whole plant from the ground.
• Stage of harvest-The seeds are harvested about 4 months after planting
when the plant begins to wither and the seeds change from dark green to
brown- yellow colour. The whole plant is removed from the ground. The
seed is small and boat shaped with nine ridges along the length. The seeds
are harvested by removing the whole plant from the ground.
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PROCESSING OF CUMIN POWDER
❖ Drying : The plants are dried in the sun or in the partial
sun. Mechanized drying could enhance the quality and post harvest losses.
❖ Threshing & Winnowing seed spices : The cumin seeds are beaten out
by threshing the dried plants with sticks. The seeds are then further dried to
10% moisture content, wither by placing on mats or trays in the sun or by
using a drier if the conditions are too humid. The dried seeds are winnowed
using a traditional winnowing basket to remove the dirt, dust, leaves and
twigs.
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PROCESSING OF CUMIN POWDER
❖ Grinding : Various machines are used for special functions. Grinding
can be a method of adding value to a product. However, it is not
advisable to grind spices. After grinding, spices are more vulnerable to
spoilage. The flavour and aroma compounds are not stable and will
quickly disappear from ground products. Cumin seeds are available as
whole seeds and ground powder.
❖ Pulverizing : A dust collector is provided in the system for ensuring
dust less operation and for no loss of ground powder.
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PROCESSING OF CUMIN POWDER
• Packaging & Storage : Dried cumin seeds powder must be stored in
moisture-proof containers away from direct sunlight. The stored seeds
powder should be inspected regularly for signs of spoilage or moisture. If
they have absorbed moisture, they should be re-dried to a moisture content
of 10%.
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EQUIPMENT FOR DALIA BEAN PROCESSING
➢ Powder grinding machine is mainly used for food, spices, cumin powder,
resin powder, powder, chemicals, pharmaceuticals and other weak electrical
substances and high temperature substances. It is a new advanced
crushing and vacuuming smashing equipment. It is necessary machinery to
process coriander powder, chili powder and other spice.
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EQUIPMENT FOR DALIA BEAN PROCESSING
➢ Drum Sieve: A quality drum sieve machine is used for removing large
impurities from coriander seeds at high capacities. Careful preliminary
cleaning reduces the wear and tear on the downstream equipment in the
production process.
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EQUIPMENT FOR DALIA BEAN PROCESSING
➢ De-Stoner : This machine is applied for
the efficient separation of stones and
metal, glass, and other high- density
impurities from a stream of grain. An
efficient machine ensures a mud-ball
less and stone-less output. Quality
machine also ensures that there will be
negligible loss of wheat and a process of
self-cleaning system for maximum
operating efficiency.
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EQUIPMENT FOR DALIA BEAN PROCESSING
➢ Automatic Powder Filling : The
offered product range is inclusive of
Gram Masala Powder Filling Machines,
Turmeric Powder Auto Filling Machines
and Coriander Powder Auto Filling
Machines. Owing to the hassle free
installation and automated operation,
these machines are highly demanded in
the market.
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EQUIPMENT FOR DALIA BEAN PROCESSING
➢ Impulse sealer- Impulse heat sealing is
commonly used for joining thermoplastic
materials such as Polyethylene and
Polyurethane that require a moderate
temperature to establish an effective seal.
This versatile method may also be used
for sealing a wide variety of other bag,
pouch and tube materials.
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EQUIPMENT FOR DALIA BEAN PROCESSING
➢ Pulverizer- A pulverizer or grinder is a mechanical device for the grinding of
many different types of materials.
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EQUIPMENT FOR DALIA BEAN PROCESSING
➢ Aspirator/vibro separator- Aspirator Separator is a machine designed for
the removal of fine and coarse impurities from cereal kernel by sifting
action.
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MARKET POTENTIAL
❖ Cumin is one of the most extensively used seed spices and is used by
people all over the world. It is the second most popular spice in the world
after black pepper.
❖ Cumin seeds are used as a spice for their distinctive aroma, popular in
Indian, Pakistani, North African, Middle Eastern, Sri Lankan, Cuban,
Northern Mexican cuisines, and the Western Chinese cuisines of Sichuan
and Xinjiang.
❖ In the Indian systems of medicine, cumin finds a very important role. Cumin
has been cultivated since ancient times; it is difficult to determine its original
home.
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MARKET POTENTIAL
❖ The plant is cultivated in many parts around the world. It is grown widely in
China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Morocco, Southern Russia, Syria and
Turkey.
❖ In India Cumin is cultivated in Rajasthan and Gujarat and in some part of
M.P. and U.P. as a Rabi crop.
❖ Gujarat is the second largest cumin seed producer in India. Rajasthan and
Gujarat together contribute approximately 90 per cent of the production of
the country.
❖ India’s production of cumin sums up to 100 to 200 thousand tones per year,
which makes it the leading producer in the world.
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MARKET POTENTIAL
❖ From India 45500 MT of cumin seed of worth was exported during 2011-12.
The value added products of cumin such as cumin oil and oleoresins
exported in quantity was 2.64 and 23.43 MT and earned value of Rs. 92.94
and 223.23 lakh, respectively during 2008-09.
❖ U.A.E. was the largest importer of cumin with its share 23% followed by
U.S.A., Egypt, U.K, and Bangladesh.
❖ In India, cumin is mainly used for domestic consumption and only about 10
per cent of the produce is exported. The main competitor countries to India
with respect to cumin export are Turkey, Iran, Syria.
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IMPORTANCE
❑ It is a major ingredient of mixed spices powder and curry powder mixes. It is
an ingredient of pickles and chutney mixes. Cumin seeds have an aromatic
fragrance due to an alcohol, cuminol. The aromatic oil of cumin seeds is
also used for flavouring curries, liquor, cordials and has great use in
perfumery industries.
❑ It has medicinal properties and is used in many Ayurvedic and veterinary
medicines as carminative, stomachic, astringent and is useful against
diarrhea and dyspepsia. Cumin seeds are very useful in digestive disorders
like biliousness, morning sickness, indigestion, atonic dyspepsia, diarrhea,
malabsorption syndrome and flatulent colic.
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IMPORTANCE
❑ Cumin is valuable in relieving sleeplessness. Dilute cumin water is an
antiseptic beverage and very useful in common cold and fevers, which is
associated with sore throat.
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National Institute of Food Technology and Entrepreneurship and
Management
Ministry of Food Processing Industries
Plot No. 97, Sector-56, HSIIDC, Industrial Estate, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana-
131028
Website: http:[Link]
Email: pmfmecell@[Link]
Call: 0130-2281089
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