Molisch’s Test
2 ml sample + 2 drops Molisch’s Reagent Mix 1 ml conc. H2SO4 in inclined test tube
Red / Violet ring appears
Iodine Test
1 ml test solution + few drops of iodine solution Deep blue color appears
Fehling’s Test
1 ml Fehling solution A + 1 ml Fehling solution B + few drops of sample Yellow / Brownish
red ppt appears
Benedict’s Test
2 ml Benedict reagent + few drops of sample Boil for 5 min and cool at room
temperature Red, Yellow or Green color develops
Barfoed’s Test
1 ml of sample + 2 ml of Barfoed reagent Boil for 1 min and cool at room temperature
Brick red color develops
Seliwanoff’s Test
2 ml of Seliwanoff reagent + 2 drops of sample Heat the mixture Deep red color
appears
Osazone Test
0.5 gm Phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride + 0.19 gm of Sodium acetate + 10 drops Glacial
acetic acid + 5 ml sample Heat in water bath for 30 min Allow to cool at room
temperature Crystals will be formed in Test tube Examine the crystals under
microscope
Tests for Albumin
2 ml urine + drop-wise Sulphosalisilic acid ppt appears
5 ml urine + 2 drops chlorophenol red + Add acetic acid or Na2CO3[till pH reach 5.4] Boil
for 2 min ppt / Coagulation observed
Test for Sugar
5 ml Benedict reagent + 8 drops of urine Boil for 2 min Cool under tap water Green
ppt observed
3 ml urine + 3 ml Barfoed reagent + Boil for 2 min red ppt appears
Test for Acetone bodies
5 ml urine + Solid Ammonium sulphate [till saturation] + Crystals of Sodium nitroprusside + 2
ml Ammonia / Ammonium hydroxide Purple permanganate ring develops
5 ml urine + Drop-wise FeCl3 [till no ppt forms] Filter Filtrate + Drop-wise FeCl3 Red
color develops
Test for Bile salts
3 ml urine + Sulphur powder / flour Flour sinks
3 ml urine + Sucrose crystals Dissolve it Add conc. H2SO4 in inclined test tube Red
ring develops at junction of two fluids
Test for Chloride
5 ml urine + 1 ml conc. HNO3 + 1 ml AgNO3 Sandy white ppt
Test for Phosphate
5 ml urine + 1 ml conc. HNO3 + 5 ml Ammonium molybdate + Heat[boil] Yellow ppt /
color develops
Test for Sulphate
5 ml urine + 1 ml conc. HCl + 2 ml BaCl2 Milky white ppt
Test For Ammonia
10 ml urine + 4 drops Phenolphthalein + Drop-wise NaOH Faint pink color develops
Test for Calcium
3 ml urine + 1 drop HCl + 3 ml Potassium oxalate Faint white ppt
Test for Etherical Sulphate
10 ml urine + 10 ml BaCl2 white ppt of inorganic sulphate develops filter filtrate + 5
ml conc. HCl + 2 ml BaCl2 + Boil Faint white ppt
Test for Urea
5 ml urine + Heat Red litmus paper turns blue
Test for Uric acid
Filter paper moist with AgNO3 + Drop-wise urine + 2% Na2CO3 Black or Yellow spots on
filter paper
Test for Creatinine
5 ml urine + 1 ml picric acid + 1 ml 2% NaOH Red color develops