FIELD PROJECT
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
MUNALI BOYS SECONDARY
SCHOOL
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
GEOGRAPHY FIELD PROJECT
TITLE:THE CASES OF HIV/AIDS IN
LUSAKA
(THE CASE STUDY OF CHAINAMA
AREA)
NAME:KONDWANI SIMUKOKO
EXAMINATION
NUMBER:200900720284
CENTRE NUMBER:
CLASS:12I
YEAR:2025
SUPERVISOR:MRS M.N SIWALE
DEDICATION
I dedicate this project to my guardians and to my heavenly father who is your father also for giving me
this opportunity to write this project.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I here by acknowledge the energy of our surpervisor [Link] who made it possible for us to go about
this project.
DECLARATION
I Kondwani Simukoko declare that this project is of my own effort. The research organization and
compilation of this document from vaious indicated sources took place through legal [Link] addition
to this reason any form of reproduction of this document without my awareness is illegal.
Signature:[Link] Date:23/01/2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Link]/BACKGROUND 1
[Link] OF STUDY 2
[Link] 3
[Link] 4
[Link] 5
[Link] 6
[Link] PRESENTATION 7
[Link] 8
[Link] FO DATA 9
[Link] 10
11. RECOMMENDATION 11
[Link] 12
INTRODUCTION
Hiv/Aids is a deadly disease which has taken so many lives of our beloved [Link] has stopped both the
private and the public sector by taking away the most productive people who have contributed a lot in
these [Link]/Aids has no age limit and boundary as it affects young,old rich or poor, educated and
uneducated.
BACKGROUND
The HIV abbreviation stands for human immunol virus where as AIDS stands for acquired immune
deficiency syndrome. The origins of hiv/aids is not soo clear. But the theoretical part is believed to have
come from monkeys in central africa and [Link] first cases were recorded in [Link] people
living with hiv/aids are exceeding 42 million of which one third are aged between 15-24 years of
[Link] are two types of hiv which have caused a lot of deaths and have infected and are still infecting
a lot of [Link] are hiv-1 which is the predominant type in the world and replicate faster unlike
hiv-2 which has a lower replication rate,but causes the same effects as hiv-1.
Hiv is a vrus believed to have caused [Link] has been said that when hiv is present in a persons blood
it attacks the CD-4 cells which are the defensive cells of our bodies. The final result is that the body is
left without a defensive system and this leads to the body becoming prone to any infected diseases and
eventually to a condition known as Aids.
LOCATION OF STUDY AREA
AIM
To investigate the causes of Hiv/Aids and the impact it has to the people of chainama area of Lusaka
[Link] well as to find out the efforts the government has put in place in order to ensure that arvs
are available and given freely to those infected.
OBJECTIVES
TO find out the causes of Hiv/Aids in chainama compound of Lusaka province.
To investigate the effects that hiv aids has brought among the people of chainama compound of
Lusaka.
To identify the measures put in place in order to prevent themselves from Hiv.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Hiv/Aids is a pandemic that In the history of of mankind that has caused so much devastation to the
existence of mankind. Ever since its discovery much information adout aids is publishes eac and every
singlie day. with the help of advanced technology via the internet this information is distributed all other
the world but people seem not to know enough about [Link] real question is “why”? and the the answer
is that, not all information on the matter is genuine part of it and most of it for that very matter is based
merely on assumptions than on scientific evidence. Because of this, many people are misinformed with
this realization in mind. I was required to acquire my information from realiable sources of which some
wil be listed below.
AIDS is a real existing and serious issue that needs to be handed promptly,making sure that is reported
is true so that people are informed and noticed on real issues that affected them and the world as all of
it. Some of these sources used to compile this report in the following:
THE AIDS PANDEMIC
This book was written by [Link] which focuses it attention on matters concerning HIV/AIDS in
the range from theoretic,origin causes completing effects and the treatment among others.
METHODOLOGY
The metods of data collection in these projects were done with wide perspective and out of the box
mind. Both primary and secondary of data collection were used collect as much information which is
originally collected directly from the mouth or source and not from any other foreign [Link] method
gives original information without disturbances from a third [Link] method includes the obervation
and oral interview secondary data:refers to information that is obtained from already existing sources
that can be be books,magazines,internet and other written [Link] methods information is
prepared by other researchers and is used to differ and compare information and improve on what has
already been done by other [Link] data is collected from various sources using these two
different methods was carefully [Link] and oral interviews with specialists and
ordinary members of the public created what is best known as the primary method of data
[Link] target population was 50 which represented the population effectively. 20 questionares
were distributed to a number of respondents who could not express their perspective on Hiv/[Link]
oral interviews were conducted to 30 respondents we discussed as a research group that in order to
understand HIV/AIDS better and the real problems of the case we need to take a trip to the place of
study to conduct an individual to individual interviews with specialists in order for us to have
professional clarification.
So we paid a visit to chainama hills hospital which is within the study area and we managed to collect
some information on the matter from HIV/AIDS specialists and we also got information from people who
were infected and uninfected and the response was [Link] announced earlier the secondary
method of data collection was also used to get some information using this method a desk study was
taken [Link] was gooten from books, tv magazines and news papers unlike primary
methodof data ccollection,this method proved to be most demanding at the time as it needed a great
deal of time allocation commitment and attention in the case of tv programmers related to the
[Link] like “Aids pandemic” written specifically to address cases like HIV/AIDS and tv programs
such as the health reflection which address similar matters provided the best basis for secondary
information, lastly another way of personal data collection that is embarked on the skill of listening
attentively concerning the matter at hand which is believed could be [Link],I always paid
attention to people who talked about aids when I was on the bus going home,church,school and
elsewhere were something is important on the general perspective of the people on the matter
concerning HIV/AIDS.
DATA PRESENTATION
(FINDING/ANALYSIS)
After a well taken survey which involves questionnaire and oral [Link] following where the
findings based on a number of table and charts.
Table 1:Gender distribution of the respondents
Gender Number of Respondents Percentage
Male 18 45
Female 22 55
Total 40 100
The table above indicates that 45%(18) of the respondents where male while 55% where female
Table 2:Age distribution of the respondents
Age groups (years) Number of respondents Percentage%
15-25 18 45
26-35 14 35
36-45 6 15
Above 45 2 5
Total 40 100
The table above indicates that 45% of the respondents were aged between 15-25 (35%) (14) were aged
between 26-35 15% (6) were aged between 36-45 while 5%(2) where above 45% years
Table 3:Number of respondents who are aware about Hiv/Aids
Category Number of respondents Percentage%
Aware 28 70
Unaware 4 10
Not sure 8 20
Total 40 100%
The table above indicates that 70% (28) of the respondent had heard about hiv/aids 10% (4) had not
heard about hiv/aids while 20% (8) were not sure if hiv/aids was real.
Table 4:number of respondents who have gone for vct involuntary couselling and testing.
Category Number of respondents Percentage%
Tested 14 35
Not tested 26 65
Total 40 100
Table above indicates that only 355(14) on the respondents went for vct while 65%(26) have not gone
for vct.
Table 5:respondents who think government should put various measure on hiv/aids awarness
Category Number of respondents Percentage%
Door to door 16 40
Seminars 12 30
Fliers 4 10
Media 8 20
Adverts
Total 40 100
The table above indicates that 40% (16) of the respondents wanted the government and non-
government (ngo)to door to door awareness to hiv/aids 30%(12) preferred seminars 10% wanted fliers
to be printed while 20%(8) of the respondents preferred media adverts.
Table 6: Number of respondents who think hiv/aids after arrests women youth
Category Number of respondents Percentage
Women 18 45
Youth 16 40
Both 8 15
Total 40 100
The table above indicates 45%(18) of their responded think both women and youth are vulnerable were
vulnerable interpretation ratuales.
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The discovery of the study were based on the responses from the forty(40) respondents fro within
chainama [Link] findings showd that the majority of the respondents were female and age
distribution ranged from fifteen(15) years to above forty five years as indicates in tables 1 and 2. This
shows that a lot of women were wiling to discuss the hiv pandemic than [Link] asked while men
were not showing interest on the topic,the response was men where busy to discuss Hiv/Aids issues and
that women were in good position to answer each question since they appeared to always being at
[Link] at the age group,it was interesting to note that the youngest respondents was 15 years
[Link] shows that even ten ages have taken keen interest in the courage and that they are not spared
and are even more vulnerable.
Table 3 shows that majority (70%) are aware of hiv/aids meaning that a number of people are getting
more informed by the day 10% of the respondents said they had just heard but were not aware of
causes and effects 20% of the respondents showed ignorance showing ignorance stating that they were
not sure of hiv/aids really [Link] again brings serious drawbacks people should be educated on this
killer disease before they discourage other numbers of the public.
Table 4 indicates that only 35% have undergone [Link] is a very retrogressive effort in fighting the
pandemic knowing ones status is viral as it will enable you to live responsibly. If one is infected he or she
will learn how to take care of themselves without infecting others or reinfecting themselves 65% is a
large number for people. Who do not know their status. The government and concerned ngo should
come up with more resources with more measures that will enable to go for vct which is very
confidential.40% of the respondents in table 5 suggested for door to door awareness on hiv/aids
primarly because most people ignore the information,which they know and in end they get infected and
eventually [Link] indicated that people don’t go for vct hence they get sick and die quickly because
they take ARVS which can prolong theirs lives 30%,suggested that seminars on hiv/aids were the best
while -20% were for media advertising only 10% suggested that fliers should be printed and given to
people in order to sensitize them and make them aware about the disease.
Table 6 shows that 45% of the respondents indicated that women were more vulnerable to contracting
hiv/aids.
They said this because women were forced to 40% indicated that the youths were more vulnerable
because they were sexually active because of peer pressure.
15% indicated that both women and youths were vulnerable because they were on weaker side and
would fail for nothing.
LIMITATION
Respondents may be hesitant to disclosure their hiv/aids status due to fear of stigma and
[Link] and language burriers are also a limitation such that researchers may not be
familiar with local customs,languages or nuances,affecting data [Link] time and resource
constraints in terms of field work may be limited by time and resources, restricting the scope and depth
of [Link] general limitations such as weather and environmental factors may limit fieldwork or
data collection for example when it is a rainy day the researchers most likely won’t all havethe necessary
equipment to shield themselves especially with the fact that there is limited funding for field work,data
collection or analysis.
By acknowledging these limitations,researchers can take steps to mitigate them and ensure a rigorous
and ethical geography field project on hiv/aids.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this field project aimed to explore the socio-spatial dynamics of HIV/AIDS in the Chainama
area, highlighting the multifaceted factors contributing to the epidemic's prevalence. Our research
revealed that the high rates of HIV infection in Chainama are influenced by a combination of socio-
economic challenges, including poverty, limited access to healthcare, and inadequate education about
sexual health.
The spatial analysis indicated that areas with higher population density and lower socio-economic status
corresponded with increased rates of infection, suggesting that urbanization and socio-economic
disparities play a critical role in the spread of HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, community attitudes and stigma
surrounding the disease were found to hinder individuals from seeking testing and treatment,
exacerbating the epidemic.
This study emphasizes the urgent need for targeted interventions that address both the health and
socio-economic factors contributing to HIV/AIDS in Chainama. Future research should focus on
longitudinal studies to assess the effectiveness of implemented health programs and explore the role of
community engagement in combating stigma.
Ultimately, understanding the geographical and social dimensions of HIV/AIDS in Chainama is essential
for developing comprehensive strategies that not only aim to reduce infection rates but also improve
the overall health and well-being of the community.
RECOMMENDATION
Recommendations for addressing hiv/aids in chainama area. Enhancing access to healthcare services by
increasing the availability of hiv testing and treatment facilities in the chainama area,ensuring they are
easily accessible to all community members and implement mobile health clinics to reach underseved
populations either rich or poor can access the testing and treatment facilities so that tey can be aware of
there hiv status and also implicating awareness commities so that more people are sensatised on the
topic of hiv/aids.
REFERENCE
*Books and Academic Journals**:
- Campbell, C., & T. MacPhail. (2002). "Peer Education, Gender and Sexual Risk: A Review of the
Evidence from South Africa." *Social Science & Medicine*, 55(2), 331-345.
- UNAIDS. (2021). "Global AIDS Update 2021: Confronting Inequalities." Geneva: Joint United Nations
Programme on HIV/AIDS.
- Smith, J., & Jones, A. (2019). "The Geography of HIV/AIDS: Spatial Patterns and Social Implications."
*Geographical Review*, 109(3), 345-367.
2. **Government and NGO Reports**:
- Zambia Ministry of Health. (2020). "Zambia National HIV/AIDS Strategic Framework 2020-2025."
Lusaka: Government of Zambia.
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). "HIV/AIDS in Zambia: A Country Profile." Geneva: WHO.
[Link to document]
- Family Health International (FHI 360). (2018). "HIV Prevention in Zambia: A Review of Current
Strategies.
3. **Theses and Dissertations**:
- Mwansa, K. (2020). "The Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Urban Areas of
Zambia: A Case Study of Chainama." Master's Thesis, University of Zambia.
4. **Websites and Online Resources**:
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021). "HIV in the United States and Dependent
Areas." [Link to CDC page]
- AIDSinfo. (2021). "HIV/AIDS Data and Statistics."
5. **Local Studies and Articles**:
- Chanda, M. (2017). "Understanding the Dynamics of HIV Transmission in Urban Zambia: A Case Study
of Chainama." *Zambia Journal of Public Health*, 5(1), 12-20.