BASIC LIFE
SUPPORT
BSN 4 I BAGON I KIRONG I ROGERO
WHAT IS THE BASIC LIFE SUPPORT?
Basic Life Support (BLS) is performed to support the
patient’s circulation and respiration through the use of
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) until advanced life
support arrives. Victims who have had early and correct
BLS intervention will be better oxygenated and are more
likely to respond to advanced techniques to revive them,
thereby increasing their chance of survival.
WHO ARE ELIGIBLE TO DO BLS?
It can be provided by trained medical personnel, including
paramedics, and by anyone who knows with the proper
BLS skills and BLS certification
PURPOSE OF CPR
It can help save a life during cardiac arrest,
when the heart stops beating or beats too
ineffectively to circulate blood to the brain
and other vital organs.
TYPES OF CPR
[Link]-only CPR. [Link] CPR with breaths.
Involves calling for help and Also called CPR with breaths, this
then pushing on the chest in a alternates chest compression with
rapid motion chest compression. mouth-to-mouth breaths. This type
Hands-only CPR can prevent a of CPR can give the body more
delay in getting blood moving oxygen in the critical moments
through the body. before help arrives
ASSESS BEFORE STARTING A CPR
ASSESSMENT
1. Check the scene for safety
2. Check for Responsiveness
3. Call for Help
4. Check for Breathing
5. Check for Pulse
6. Check for Bleeding
RULES FOR ACHIEVING EFFECTIVE CHEST COMPRESSIONS:
· 100 – 120 compressions per minute (for all ages)
· Push down firmly on the sternum to 1/3 of the depth of the chest
· Push in a regular rhythm, for example counting ‘1, 2, 3’
· Compression/relaxation ratio should be 50:50 with complete recoil of chest
between each compression
· Frequent rotation of personnel should be taken after approximately 200
compressions or approximately every two (2) minutes
RULES FOR ACHIEVING EFFECTIVE CHEST COMPRESSIONS:
· AVOID COMPRESSION BELOW LOWER LIMITS OF STERNUM AS MAY CAUSE
REGURGITATION AND/OR DAMAGE TO LIVER/SPLEEN/STOMACH
· INTERRUPTIONS TO CHEST COMPRESSIONS SHOULD BE MINIMISED
· AVOID COMPRESSIONS APPLIED TOO HIGH AS INEFFECTIVE DEPTH IS ACHIEVED
· AFTER EACH 30 COMPRESSIONS THERE IS AN INTERRUPTION IN CHEST
COMPRESSIONS FOR TWO (2) RESCUE BREATHS (OPTIONAL).
CAB-D APPROACH
CAB-D APPROACH
C - Compression
A - Airway
B - Breathing
D - Defibrillate
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
It is because chest compressions should be initiated as soon as possible
before any further delays while checking the victim’s breathing and
airway. By starting chest compressions first, blood flow and oxygenation
to vital organs can be restored more quickly, potentially increasing the
victim’s chance of survival.
CAB CPR is used to treat people who have suffered a cardiac arrest, an
electric shock, smoke inhalation, near-drowning, or other medical
emergencies. It is advised that everyone, not only people with medical
expertise practice CPR in order to be prepared to respond in an
emergency.
INDICATIONS FOR CPR;
CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) is indicated in situations where a person
is unresponsive and not breathing or not breathing normally. Specifically, CPR
should be performed when:
Cardiac Arrest: The person has collapsed, is unresponsive, and has no pulse.
This typically occurs when the heart stops beating or is in an arrhythmia (such
as ventricular fibrillation).
Severe Breathing Problems: The person is unresponsive and has difficulty
breathing, such as in the case of severe airway obstruction, drowning, or a
serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).
Near-Drowning: When someone is submerged in water and shows no signs
of breathing after being rescued.
INDICATIONS FOR CPR;
Choking: If the person is choking and becomes unconscious, CPR may be
necessary after attempting to clear the airway.
Trauma with Cardiac Arrest: After a severe trauma (such as a car accident),
if the person is unresponsive and not breathing, CPR should be started.
Drug Overdose: In cases of a drug overdose (especially opioids), if the person
is unresponsive and not breathing, CPR should be initiated until help arrives.
WHEN TO STOP CPR:
S - Spontaneous signs of circulation are restored.
T - Turned over to medical services or properly
trained and authorized personnel.
O - Operator is already exhausted and cannot
continue CPR.
P - Physician assumes responsibility (declares,
death,take over)
CRITERIA FOR NOT STARTING CPR:
All patients in cardiac arrest receive resuscitation unless:
The patient has a valid "Do Not Attempt Resuscitation" (DNAR) order.
The patient has signs of irreversible death: rigor mortis, decapitation or
dependent lividity.
No physiological benefit can be expected because the vital functions have
deteriorated despite maximal therapy for such conditions as progressive
septic or cardiogenic shock.
Withholding attempts to resuscitate in the delivery room is appropriate for
newly born infants with:
Confirm gestation <23 weeks or birth weight <400g.
Anencephaly
Confirmed trisomy 13 or 18
HOW TO CPR?
THANK YOU!