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Understanding Pandemic Diseases and Training

The document discusses pandemic diseases, explaining their nature, causes, and historical examples like the 1918 flu outbreak. It highlights the characteristics of pandemics, such as their ability to spread easily and the time it takes for them to be deadly. Additionally, the document addresses the challenges parents face when deciding whether to support their children's sports training, including time commitment and financial implications.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
19 views4 pages

Understanding Pandemic Diseases and Training

The document discusses pandemic diseases, explaining their nature, causes, and historical examples like the 1918 flu outbreak. It highlights the characteristics of pandemics, such as their ability to spread easily and the time it takes for them to be deadly. Additionally, the document addresses the challenges parents face when deciding whether to support their children's sports training, including time commitment and financial implications.
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Exercise 1:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
PANDEMIC DISEASES

Diseases are a natural part of life on earth. If there were no diseases, the population would grow too
quickly, and there would not be enough food or other resources, so in a way, diseases are natural ways of
keeping the Earth in balance. But sometimes they spread very quickly and kill large numbers of people.
For example, in 1918, an outbreak of the flu across the world, killing over 25 million people only in six
months. Such terrible outbreaks of a diseases are called pandemics.
Pandemics happen when a disease changes in a way that our bodies are not prepared to fiht. In 1918,
a new type of flu virus appeared. Our bodies had no way to fight this new flu virus, and so it spread very
quickly and killed large numbers of people. While there have been many different pandemic diseases
throughout history, all of them have a new thing in common. First, all pandemic diseases spread from one
person to another very easily.
Second, while they may kill many people, they generally do not kill people very quickly. A good
example of this would be the Marburg virus. The Marburg virus is an extremely infectious disease. In
addition, it is deadly. About 70%-80% of all people who get the Marburg virus died from the disease.
However, the Marburg virus has not become a pandemics because most people die within three days of
getting the disease. This means that the virus does not have enough time to spread a large number of
people. The flu virus of 1918, on the other hand, generally took about a week to ten days to kill its
victims, so it had more time to spread.
While we may never be able to completely stop pandemics, we can make them less common. Doctors
carefully monitor new disease that they fear could become pandemics. For example, in 2002, and 2003,
doctors carefully watched SARS. Their health warming may have prevented SARS from becoming a
pandemic.

Question 1. This passage is mainly about .


A. How to prevent pandemic diseases B. Pandemic diseases
C. Pandemic diseases throughout history D. Why pandemics happen
Question 2. According to paragraph 1, how are diseases anatural part of life on Earth?
A. They prevent pandemics B. The help control the population
C. They led the world grow quickly D. They kill too many people
Question 3. Based on the information in the passage the term "pandemics" can be explained as .

A. Diseases with no cure


B. A deadly kind of flu
C. Diseases that spread quickly and kill large number of people
D. New disease like SARS or the Marburg virus

Question 4. According to the passage, what cause pandemics?


A. changes in a diseases that the body cannot fight
B. careless doctors who do not watch the spread of diseases
C. population growth that the world cannot support
D. the failure to make new medicines.

Question 5. According to the passage, all of the following are true of the 1918 flu pandemic EXCEPT
that .
A. It involved a new kind of flu virus B. It involved a new kind of flu virus
C. It was the last pandemic in history D. It took a little over a week to kill its victims

Question 6. The word "it" in the passage refers to .

A. disease B. flu virus


C. pandemics D. bodies

Question 7. Which of the following is mentioned as a common feature of all pandemic diseases?
A. They spread from people to people very quickly
B. It kill many people very quickly
C. They do not kill people very quickly
D. They kill all the victims

Question 8. According to paragraph 3, why hasn't Marburg virus become a pandemic?


A. It is not a deadly diseases
B. It does not spread from person to person easily
C. Doctors have prevented it from becoming a pandemic
D. It kills people too quickly

Question 9. The word "monitor" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. prevent B. fight
C. watch D. avoid
Question 10. The author mention SARS in order to .

A. Give an example of a highly dangerous disease


B. Suggest that SARS will never become a pandemic
C. Give an example of the successful prevention of a pandemic
D. Suggest that there may be a new pandemic soon

Exercise 2:
SPORTS TRAINING
Parents whose children show special interest in a particular sport have a difficult decision to
make about their children's careers. Should they allow their children to train to become top
sportsmen and women? For many children, it means starting very young and schoolwork, going out
with friends and other interests have to take second place. It's very difficult to explain to a young
child why he or she has to train for five hours a day, even at the weekend, when most of his friends
are playing.
Another problem is of course money. In many countries, money for training is available
from the government for the very best young sportsmen and women. If this help cannot be given, it
means that it is the parents who have to find the time and money to support their child's
development - and sports clothes, transport to competitions, special equipment etc…. can be all
very expensive.
Many parents are understandably worried that it is dangerous to start serious training at an
early age. Some doctors agree that young muscles may be damaged by training before they are
properly developed.
Professional trainers, however, believe that it is only by starting young that you can reach
the top as a successful sports person. What is clear is that very few people do reach the top and both
parents and children should be prepared for failure even after many years of training.
Question 1. When a child is determined to train a sport, it means that _________
A. he or she has to study much harder in class.
B. he or she needs to get the best marks in class.
C. his or her time must be devoted to school work.
D. his or her school work is considered less important than training.
Question 2. In many countries, it‟s the government that _________
A. trains all of the young sportsmen and women.
B. provides the best young sportsmen and women with the money for training.
C. helps parents with the transport to competitions.
D. supplies the time and education for the best young sportsmen and women.
Question 3. Some doctors think that _________
A. training at an early age may cause damage to the muscles.
B. young muscles can be properly developed by training hard.
C. by starting young a child can reach the top as a sports person.
D. it's dangerous for young children to play any sports.
Question 4. According to the author, parents and their children should _________
A. look forward to the failure. B. be made to expect the failure.
C. think of the failure they may meet with. D. prepare for many years of training.
Question 5. What is the writer's intention? - He wants to _________
A. inform us about training. B. discuss training methods.
C. give details about training costs. D. suggest a training program.

Common questions

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Parents face several challenges when their children pursue competitive sports, including the financial burden of training costs and the time commitment required, as children have to devote significant time to training, often at the expense of schoolwork, socializing, and other interests. Additionally, there is concern about the physical impact on children, as some doctors warn that training at a young age may damage underdeveloped muscles. Parents also face the uncertainty of their child's success, as few athletes reach the top, meaning both parents and children must be prepared for the possibility of failure despite years of effort .

The Marburg virus has not become a pandemic because it kills infected individuals too quickly, within three days, which reduces the time available for the virus to spread to a large number of individuals. While the virus is extremely infectious and deadly, infecting approximately 70%-80% of those who contract it, its rapid lethality limits widespread transmission .

Pandemics, like diseases in general, play a role in maintaining ecological balance by naturally regulating population growth. If diseases did not exist, populations would grow unchecked, potentially leading to resource shortages such as food. Thus, while pandemics are destructive, they are part of natural checks and balances on Earth .

The monitoring of SARS highlights the importance of early detection and intervention in preventing future pandemics. Successful containment was achieved through vigilant surveillance and health warnings, demonstrating that proactive measures can effectively prevent diseases from spreading uncontrollably. This case underscores the necessity of global healthcare systems to be agile and responsive to emerging infectious diseases .

Early sports training can significantly impact a child's education and social life, often requiring them to prioritize training over schoolwork and socializing. Children dedicated to intensive sports training may miss out on normal childhood experiences, such as spending time with friends and engaging in other interests, which can affect their social development and academic performance .

Pandemics can spread widely due to changes in diseases that the human body is unprepared to fight, allowing them to spread quickly across populations. For instance, the 1918 flu virus was a new type that our bodies had no way to counteract, resulting in a rapid and widespread pandemic that killed over 25 million people within six months. Additionally, once a pandemic disease starts, it must have enough time to infect a large number of people before killing them, as was the case with the 1918 flu, which took about a week to ten days to kill its victims, thereby facilitating its spread .

Government support systems impact young athletes' training significantly by providing the necessary financial resources for training to the best young sportsmen and women. This assistance helps cover costs such as sports clothing, transport to competitions, and special equipment. In the absence of such funding, parents are burdened with the expenses to support their children's athletic development, which can be financially strenuous .

Professional trainers advocate for early sports training despite health concerns, arguing that success in sports at the highest levels is often only achievable by starting training at a young age. They believe that early initiation into rigorous training is crucial to developing the skills and physical abilities required to become a top athlete, outweighing the potential risks of training-induced muscle damage suggested by some doctors .

Doctors can reduce the occurrence of pandemics by carefully monitoring new diseases that have the potential to spread rapidly and become pandemics. Careful surveillance and timely health warnings can help prevent diseases like SARS from escalating into pandemics by containing their spread before they become widespread .

The flu virus of 1918 differed from other common pandemic diseases in that it took about a week to ten days to kill its victims, which is a relatively slower fatality timeline than that of some other diseases like the Marburg virus. This slower progression allowed the virus ample time to spread among a large number of people, contributing to its status as a massive pandemic .

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