.. ------ .

•, 1r r~:~ -1
Po lluti on Con lrol Eng inee ring
Etflu enl Dis~
--..,
1.6 ASSIMILATIVE CAPACITY PREDICTIO Initial deficit D0 = Cs - C = 7.63 - 5.6
Th e di red pre di?lio n of river assimilati
N 7 = 1.9 6 mg jf
ve capacity_ is. an i?v_e_rse pr6blem to DO Tem per atu re cor rec tion for k and k
sag pre j
d1c tion : 1.e. wh at is the ma
giv en the init ial DO D (D ), suc h tha t
xim um penrnss1ble m1tial river BODu
the dow nst rea m DOD now her e exceeds
(Lo
1 2
k1m1 = 0.1 (1.0 47) 30·20 = 0.1 6 d·1
\
giv en val ue De.
0
a
1<2130) = 0.2 (1.0 ~) 30"20 =
0 .24 d· 1
Th om as (19 48) ma de a for mu lati on available which allows an app rox f = kz/k1 = 0.24/0 .16 = . 1 .5
of Lri the ma xim um ima tion
B0 0 loa d tha t ma y be intr odu ced into the stre am wit
cau sin g the DO con cen
11
hou t ~1fcU:od .1
trat ion dow nst rea m to fall bel ow a specified val
sub stit utin g the val ue. By Th e sol utio n req uire s a ssu mp tio n of
. ue of DO D (D ) to be ma inta ine d dow nst rea m, the a -va lue of L0 and cal cul atio n o f te
rea ctio n coe ffic ien ts
C stre am with rep eat ed trials until a val ue o f De e qua and
(k 1 and k2 ) and the initial DO D (D0 ) ·at the poi nt of l the spe cifi ed value is ob tai n ed.
tion , it is pos sib le to pollu-
cal cul ate the ma xim um ultimate-first-stage BOD (LcL Tue ma xim um allo wa ble deficit De =
can be add ed to the stre am . which 7.63 - 4 = 3.6 3 mg /f. Va lue s of
· ass um ed and tc a nd De ~
cal cul a te d usi ng e qua tio ns 1. 12 & 1.1 3 as illust
Th e Th om as equ ati on is: below:
•
0.418] ;
Lo gL , = Lo gD ,
[ (
+ I+ f ~I 1- ~:
X ) Logf ( 1.22)
t c = 12. 5 log (t. s _ 1.47
Lo
8)
wh ere : Le = the maximum BOD0 load that ma De = 0.67 L0 I0 -0.161c
y be introduced int~ the stream,
,, mg /£
I L., I - --- r-:- - I
Ex am ple 1.6
A com mu nit y dis cha rge s a wa ste wa ter flow of 100 0 m 3/d and 2.0 mg /f dis-
15
!~
-- 1.8 3
.,- ~:-~ --
I -- D..
5. 12_
I
I
sol ved oxy gen to a sm all stre am . Th e min imu m flow rec ord ed in the stre am
is ;:~: =J
5 :9. 3
this
m
coi
/mi
nci
nut
des
e
wit
(85
h
00
low
m 3
/d)
flow .
.
Th
Th
e
e ma
80 D
xim um stre am tem per atu re is 30 °C
and
5. in th~ stre am is 5 mg jf ups trea m of the

,_10
l 9 .5 --
1.6 4
1.6 1 -F-
_I ___3 .66 _ _ --1
wa ste wa ter out fall . .Th e val ues of k I 9.75 3 .52 _ -1
1 and k2 at 20° C are 0.1 /da t and 0.2 /da y 1.62 3.6 0
bas e 10 res pec tive ly. De ten nif"e the to 1
effl uen t BO D5 for the wa ste wa ter trea
:,Ja nt suc h tha t the DO co:1::entratior. tme nt The ma
wil! not de ple te bel ow 4 mg /f ~t !cw flow xim um allo wab le I30 0u in the s trea m i::; thu s npp rox ima te ly 9 .80 n1g
\ls o det erm ine the dis tan ce . ·stren1:1 tempe rature (1i ·,0° c. P:O Du at /f ar ti
to the poi nt of crit ical DO D usi ng the critical BOD 20" ~ car.
::>ading if the ave rag e vel oci ty of the
stre am is 0.1 5 m/s. · ·
5
BOD5 = Lo (1- 1o- 5ki )=9.80(1 -1 o-S:<O.t.h~I)=
0btc1inc<l fro m equ ati on l. i 7:
6. 7 mg/e
iolu tio n .
.t ma xim um str eam tem per atu re, the sat To fi nd the
ura tion DO fro m Tab le 1.2 is Cs _ ma xim l!m allo wa ble 8O D
.63 . 5 in the effl ue nt, eq ua tio n 1.2 is t.:sed:
t BO D5 of 5 mg /f, 80 % sat ura tion 6.7 = _5_x _S_50_0_+_0_0_D....:5_x_l_0_0_O .
will be ass um ed fot1 stre am : 850 0 + l 000
80% sat ura tio n= 0.8x7.63 = 6. 10 mg/
R
) o f mix tur e usi ng equ atio n 1.2 is: 6.7 x 95 00
-5 x8 500
DODs(c11h..,:111 > = - - -- -- - - = 21.15 mg/e
1000
~_ 6. l0 x 85 00 + 2.0 x 100 0 =
C - - - - - ----- 5 •67 moo//!. Th us the trea tm ent pla nt for this com mu n ity mu st be des ·
950 0 yie ld a 80 05 01, app rox ima te ly 21 .16 d d ......, ,.,. -a~ed tt
mg / e. 1gne en
·
0 ., .:.1 ,
I J
 -----
c non~t~rc:,.I~f1~i~~-:,~c:.::0:.:. :!:.:ng:?.
.' .-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _
--
pc! ~_: :. _ __
;==-~ ---~-"~;.-;V#
--==::::-.= -=i:::z:;:..;_ _ _
-- '<
·'~::--.;
. ~-~-'1/i :=:· ~
~:·-··-· ... w·-... ·:a'i
----..... ...;.._. ___ _ - ' ·&;--
' - - 2.
Method
~ Tl o,nn
Lf31ng 1 '
by:
s equ
.

2
ntion ~
1.2. t, the c · · I BO D
nt1c
'

a
- [

u loading
in the stream Le is given
X 04 8

l f
Tot al BO D (b.:g/day) ::::: Ult/ mot e Do o - - - --- .__. £4•\ ·, ...,
Lo~~.63 + l + (. 0.5
1 l.
LogLc == f.9 6) • ' ] _
1- _ Logl .5 1
3 63 Tot al DO ),g: , doy ) == DO (kg fm') -~ r,.,,' " ·• •' ·•1 ) Fl
.. .\"' ,ow (m 1/da~•)
The diffe renc e be~ ,-2e~ 7 the tota l BOD cH'h.
l l'1 , ·.1 • 1 /t!oy)
Le= 9. 79 mg/P. oxy gen available ir. che.,, wat erco urse .
1113
i \ ,':,11 DO q:,,.lJ<; !hi• :·. t .· .,
T/iis gives tile san :ii.~ ns_w er as the iter ativ
e app roa ch me tho d use d abo ve.
( I
I N et ouu i:,,1_,,'e- . ) Q = ·rot o/ BO D - T<>t I
Distance to poi nt ofcritica l DOD, )(c.:: Cl 1 I~\)
In this man ner , a DO bt.t 1dget on a rive r ...
can b,, p, . ·
O. J5x 24x 360 0x1 .62 = 21 km
Xe = vtc 1000 1.8 'I •,,re d {V..?tt, l 1f/0 )
==
CONCLUS;fONS
>
Cle arly , the Streetcr-Ph~.:lps equ atio ns
are l1llt .
1.7 EVALUATION OF THE STATUS OF PO stre ams self -pu rific atio n ·:)re dict ion mod
'•lt," "_
LLUTION IN .
!Jon
el as it
s. I\ pa rt from qu_•.,•ti_'--,ns o f s trea m geo rn
lie rcp1.:,~cnt.-1111.: I! "'.I( re,
A STREAM '1J I"" f
num ber of mechan1:,111:> lVhe reb y BO O and01 111 " 1· rom o ..uml>ort'.f l:mi1,
I)() llow regrrne, lhl!y •~no,~ ,
Bes ides est ima ting the self-purification pro ces low ere d (see Fig ure 1.1 •· Con seq uen
s ana lyti call y an esti ma te ma y also tly' sorn . 11 ' 11 cenlr.:\tions .trc r,,lsC'd
parameters in the fon nuli }\rio n of thei r mod ' (.
~ls ffhn111.,, 1ors havt, indlld<.'d urh~0
be dete1mined by find ing the DO con ten
t and · the am oun t of org ani c ma lter
(BOD or A pra ctic al mod el is th~t i:.· 1-..1e 11 111
to Chu rch ill and Bttc , " & MucII, '· r, 198.l)
tha t the exe rtio n of BO D and dep leti on 1
of Ir 1' ''ihnm (195 6) They no!1..,d
fun ctio· ns o r now, tem pem 1!!1rc, and BO D at DO 1
the , " ' 111 •eac - h or <) slrcum w~:~
-r ·
+ + I~ I of the se factors and tI1e E.. ,oo 1
and DO at the d, I111 ',I I·o,n ' t. .,,1u
,. ltip!c ,ne~surc
-.
+ I
,__ __
I
+
_ _ _ _ __ , , - - -
I I
I +I +I +I +, ...
can usu ally be statisticall!, correlated
to yield ,,,•v,,, 1'"nrn locilllon of in!c r'-;r
Rivtr 1- t ~ + + +1 --- I BOD and DO as fun ctio n _...,f the ups trea m varic JI lqff,
' 115 (or the dov..111-ttrcdm
z._.+
I
+
I
+
1
+ --.1_
+, -t-- , ,
I I
-i- =
+ +
1.
I I
,
+
,
+
I
-Z..,..
I use d to predict the effect _.,f oth er discharg
iblc!•,
es. r,,,..; ,'..'."' cqualion c~n lhcn be
I I + I I L cor rela tion equations are 1~as ed on
' I I I I mea sure rner ,h ·1rlls are obt,11ncd \Vhcn
+ + + + I
I
I -·
+
I I I
tem per atu re and min iml !m :.low 1ril,,,,
+ l +
t I + + . Th~ que t
I + I stio n ":i 1 n 10JX .1!'nu m •; t ' 1:n
~ ~ _,.. • ~
I
--.! I I f I
t V -
• -
b (l ,·' 0 I X i +· b ·,,
I
I .: '2 7
. )( l
0)
. n 1•<· ,, • 11
, ,resented ,!S fnll0 1••• i:
1
+ Possible sampling points wh ere : Y == DOD, mg/C
.. f Waste watcrdischerge points
·-. f (1.2;3)
Fig 1.5 SampJ ing Points in a River for Dissol ved
: X1 = 80 05 , mg/C
Oxygen (DO) and BOD profile X2 == stream tem per :itu re, ~C
CO D test X 3 == stream disc har·:~e. m3/s
s) in the stre am . . Sam ple s sho uld be col lec ted from diff ere nt poi nts at
various cross-sections dur ing min imu m flow 6 b , 62 , and b3 are con sta nts derived
0 1
frorr i
as illu stra ted f:,,
~. ,,
'
in Fig ure 1.5 . : • . I ,, f
3 I •
. .
0D and DO val ues are plo tted ver Mu ltip le regression analysis c :"\f1 be use
sus the dis tan ce and this · pio t assiS ts in d 10 o btc1ir, Ir.,~ ·. , ,
ivaluating the status of pol luti on in the J (He ilbo rn, 1981) 1
,.
rive r. . · ··. of these cons tan -~
f BOO exc eed s 4 mg // at any poi nt the
~llution and nec ess a~ me asu res ~ho uld
stre am is rea chi ng the critical poi nt
be tak en for pol luti on aba tem ent .
of I The effects of toxic che mic als ;)re not
ind,~de d in tri0.1. ,
poi·son s ma y buil· d up to let ha I [Link] tralt.
r)n or th!'!<.':·r
:-: .' / _,.!,,'5
• · · -I ow .zve
1f 1:; .o
f
' e tota l load due to BOD and the total DO ~,, ''" effeds o a m,x -
can be determ ine d as follows:
1 1
L 1
__.----