BACKGROUND
Site planning in its narrow sense involves the disposition of space for appropriate uses; the
positioning of structures to provide effective relationships (well-proportioned masses with
attractive outlooks and good orientation); the provision of access to structures in an
expeditious, attractive, and safe manner; the design of the services, walks, streets, parking
facilities, drainage, and utilities; the preservation of the natural advantage of the site, and its
enhancement by landscaping.
In its larger sense, site planning involves consideration of the site in relation to the physical
pattern and economic growth trends of the larger area of which it is a part. An analysis of the
area should be made based on population growth, family formations, family size, housing
inventory, income levels, schools, taxes and assessments, transportation and traffic patterns,
and directions of growth. An analysis of site development costs should be made in terms of
densities, housing types, construction types, topography and grading, and local requirements
with regard to zoning, subdivision regulations, and utility services. This analysis may be made as
a basis for site selection or as a basis for determining the most appropriate use of a particular
site. For large sites involving several types of housing, commercial or industrial uses, schools,
and churches, more extensive analyses may be necessary. For small sites forming parts of
neighborhoods already established, the analysis need not be as comprehensive.
A subdivision site plan can be made for a complete community, involving all types of land use
found in a typical town or village, or for a neighborhood, usually considered to be a
homogeneous area large enough to support an elementary school, or for a segment of a
neighborhood.
Principles of neighborhood planning Courtesy Urban Land Institute:
1. Size. A residential unit development should provide housing for that population for
which one elementary school is ordinarily required, its actual area depending upon its
population density.
2. Boundaries. The unit should be bounded by arterial streets sufficiently wide to facilitate
traffic by-passing the neighborhood instead of passing through it.
3. Open Spaces. Small park and recreation space, planned to meet the needs of the
particular neighborhood should be provided.
4. Institution Sites. Sites for the school and other institutions having service spheres
coinciding with the limits of the unit should be suitably grouped about a central point or
common, and combined with the neighborhood recreation area, usually.
5. Local Shopping Center. If warranted by the population to be served the local
convenience shopping facility should be located at the edge preferably at an arterial
traffic junction and adjacent to similar commercial districts, if any, of adjoining
neighborhoods.
6. Internal Street System . The unit should be provided with a special street system, each
highway being proportioned to its probable traffIc load, and the street net as a whole
being designed to facilitate circulation within the unit with good access to main arteries,
and to discourage its use through traffic.
Sites are provided for parks, playing fields and recreational areas. Church sites are provided in
convenient locations. There is a central shopping area, with off-street parking. Two school sites
are provided, reasonably accessible from all parts of the neighborhood. The Catholic school is
off-centre because it also serves adjacent neighborhoods. "Through" arterial highways, of
adequate width, are separated from local service roads by limited access planted strips. Thus
both "local" and "through" traffic are safeguarded. There are feeder roads for bus routes. Local
residential streets are designed in such a way as to discourage "through" driving, yet remain
adequate for local purposes. At the corners of the area, there are intersections designed to keep
"through" traffic moving. One-family housing is created in an aesthetic as well as a functional
setting. Set-backs are arranged to allow for a "rhythmic variation". A buffer strip separates
housing from an adjacent industrial zone. There are also apartments and row housing in a
variety of types. A neighborhood "focus" of larger buildings and open space is included as an
essential ingredient of a well-designed residential area.
Housing types:
It is no longer considered good practice to limit housing within a subdivision to one type and
price range. For sites of fewer than 100 houses the range of types should be restricted but the
range in price should permit some variation, the degree of difference being reduced as the size
of the site diminishes. For larger sites not only may the types of single-family houses be varied,
but rental housing of either high rise or garden types may be included where zoning permits.
Apartments and townhouses (row houses in small groups) often provide a very satisfactory
transition between the commercial (shopping) areas and the less dense residential areas.
Single-family housing:
Lot sizes for the single-family detached house are wider now than they were 30 years ago; 60 ft
is considered the minimum width and 70 to 80 ft is more usual. This has come about because of
the popularity of the one-story house with large glass areas and provisions for outdoor living
with a reasonable degree of privacy. Devices such as patios and courts and fenced-in areas are
used to provide privacy when lot sizes are small . An example of a typical one-story subdivision
house of better than average design is shown in Fig. 3. The split-level house is also popular in
subdivision work because it provides the economy of the two-story house but requires less stair
climbing.
Row houses:
As they are now called, townhouses are finding many advocates because of their economical
use of land and low site-development costs. When developed with not more than 8 or 10 units
(preferably fewer) in one group and located around a court, cul-de-sac, or loop street, the
monotonous appearance usually associated with such housing disappears. Lots should be 20 to
25 ft wide; wider lots with side yards should be provided at the ends of the groups. Garages
should be provided either within the house structure itself or as a one-story attached structure,
often a carport, at the front of the house. An example of the variety possible within this housing
type is shown in Fig. 4; see also Fig . 16.
Rental housing:
For a more attractive appearance, it is now built at lower densities and with more emphasis on
open space; it often includes such club-like features as swimming pools and tennis courts.
Densities of 15 to 25 families per acre and cover ages of 15 to 25 per cent are standard in well-
designed garden apartment developments. Garden apartments are usually two stories high and
should not be higher than three stories (Fig. 5). High-rise elevator apartments should restrict
land coverage to 10 to 15 per cent. The trend in apartment design is toward larger rooms, more
storage, and other facilities in keeping with those of single-family housing.
Lot sizes and development costs
The cost of raw land and the cost of installing streets and utilities has greatly increased in
recent years. At the same time, as previously noted, lot widths have markedly increased. In
order to keep the cost of the developed lot from rising to prohibitive levels, site planners have
resorted to the "superblock." This is typically a long, shallow block (600-800 ft by 200-250 ft)
which reduces the number of cross streets and eliminates the need for utilities in them. Typical
lot depths are thus likely to be 1 1/2 to 2 times their width. Deep super blocks, penetrated by
culs-de-sac or loop streets, are also used. Further economies in development costs result from
the use of a functional street system, as described later on, which permits most of the streets to
be built to the most economical specifications (see also Fig. 15 and the discussion of the cluster
plan). Basic data for estimating lot costs are given in Tables 1 and 2.
Streets Conformance with the master street plan for the city is usually a requisite for any
subdivision plan. As a rule, however, this requirement applies only to major streets. It is a factor
which should be given consideration in the initial analysis of the site since it is undesirable to
have major streets traverse a residential area. At the boundaries, however, major streets may be
an asset if they provide good access to other areas in the community. Fire protection should be
considered in determining the street pattern. Some of the problems to consider are hydrant
location, culs-de-sac turn-grounds, access to buildings in multifamily projects and commercial
areas, radius of curvature of curbs at intersections, and similar problems. Streets are necessary
evils in a neighborhood or smaller subdivision; they are intended primarily to provide access to
and circulation within the area. Streets serving other purposes (arterial streets) should form
such streets. Instead, the lots should be backed up to the highway and heavy planting should be
provided along the rear-lot lines. Or a local access road should be provided parallel to the
highway and screened from i1 by planting (Fig. 10). Either method serves to reduce the number
of street intersections with main traffic ways to a minimum and to keep driveways off the main
highway.
OBJECTIVE:
Social Sustainability
A housing development is socially sustainable when it empowers, includes, and continuously
provides for the needs of people, affording them a healthy and fulfilling life.
Environmental Sustainability
A housing development is environmentally sustainable when it uses natural resources to sustain
human life without destroying or depleting these resources permanently.
Economic Sustainability
A housing development is economically sustainable when it is cost efficient and self-sustaining.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
1. Bungalow: a low house, with a broad front porch, having either no upper floor or upper
rooms set in the roof, typically with dormer windows.: "a modest white bungalow" "we
live in a bungalow".
2. Rowhouse: any of a row of houses joined by common side walls
3.
4.
PLANNING GUIDELINES:
EXPLANATION :
1 . Excess underground utilities at end of block required.
2. No underground utilities at the end of the block.
3. Rear overhead utility easement .
4. Street overhead utilities.
5. Increased corner lot width.
6. Corner is too narrow.
7. Good use of butt lot.
8 . But lots require extra utilities with bad view down rear lot line
9 . Good lotting at street intersections.
10. Required underground utilities
APPLICABLE LAWS:
PD 220
PD 957
PD1096
RA 8293
FUNCTIONAL SPACES:
PARK/PLAYGROUND.
Parks are essential to the spirit of a community. without public parks, there wouldn't be much
opportunity for social interaction, and adults and children wouldn't have a fun place to relax
outside. These public green spaces, which include playgrounds, dog parks, and splash parks, are
recreational facilities that cater to the requirements of the local population. When choosing a
park location there are things to consider which are the accessibility of its location. the
character that pertains to the historic background of an area, and the safety of the location for
the users to enjoy the park freely without thinking of possible harm.
RESTROOMS WITH HANDWASHING FACILITIES
Is essential in an emergency. However, the advertising activities will be less successful if the
provision of handwashing facilities is not guaranteed beforehand. A health-based message is
not always necessary to promote handwashing. promotional messaging for handwashing may
involve emotional, visual, or social pressure. To create a message that effectively promotes
handwashing, it is necessary to evaluate the factors that influence or hinder particular
behaviors.
PARKING LOT
Are paved spaces used for parking cars; their sizes, purposes, and designs can differ greatly.
business, schools, commuters, and other organizations use parking lots. a parking lot can
accommodate a variety of vehicle kinds.
ACCESS ROADS
Connecting a location to the major highways is one of the access roads' primary functions. This
road, often known as the frontage road, plays a crucial function in urban areas. not every part of
the city can be connected by the highways. Some regions, such as commercial districts,
corporate centers, residential neighborhoods, and industrial zones, are still isolated from the
major highways. nonetheless, the purpose of the access roads is to connect those regions to the
highways.
PEDESTRIAN PATHWAYS
The multimodal transportation system is built on the foundation of pedestrian amenities. The
Aashto guide for the development, construction, and maintenance of pedestrian facilities says,
"walking is a fundamental form of transportation that helps in terms of the health and livability
of our communities. all travelers are pedestrians at some point during their trip. Some travelers
make their entire trip on foot, while others walk to catch the bus, or walk between their parking
spaces and the front doors of their destinations. many people also walk for recreation and
exercise."
TYPES OF PEDESTRIAN PATHWAYS:
SIDEWALKS
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WALKWAYS
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CROSSWALKS
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COMMERCIAL SPACES
Is characterized as a structure, building, or improvements situated on a piece of commercial
property with the goal of making a profit. you may better prepare to price and create a standard
approach for your commercial property inspections by touring various properties and taking
into account their intended use.
TYPES OF COMMERCIAL SPACES:
INDUSTRIAL
RETAIL
OFFICE
MULTI-DWELLING UNIT (MDU)
LUXURY HOME OR ESTATE
HOTEL AND LODGING
RESTAURANT
LANDSCAPING
Can be characterized as the construction of structures, the alteration of landscape, and the
addition of flora. For millennia, people have been engaged in landscaping. Humans have been
modifying the terrain for both functional and aesthetic purposes since the time of the ancient
mayans. landscape design includes the construction of structures, the installation of plants, and
modifications to the natural landscape. The planning, designing, and building of gardens that
improve a home's appearance and provide usable area for outdoor activities is now referred to
as landscaping.