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Description
City and Its Facilities
Activity 1: Pre-Reading

Answer the following question:

1. Have you ever been to big city?

2. If yes, what makes you impressed?
3. What do you do usually find in big cities?
4. How would you describe them?

Activity 2: While-Reading

Answer the following questions while reading the whole passage:

1. What is the text about?

2. How many paragraphs are there?
3. Which paragraph tells you about historical interest?
4. Which paragraph tells you about the general description of Sydney?
5. Which paragraphs tell you about the city’s entertainment and facilities?

Welcome to Sydney
1 Sydney is Australia’s oldest, largest, and liveliest state capital with a population of over 3,000,000. It
is a colorful, modern city but it has also a natural beauty with green parkland and perhaps the world’s most
beautiful deep-water harbor.

2 As well as being famous for its modern buildings roads, there are many palaces of historical interest
in Sydney. For example, Mrs. Macquarie’s Chair, there are called the Rocks dating back to the early
nineteenth century, and the attractive terrace houses of Paddington, are all close to the harbor and the city
centre

3 Sydney has many attractions which tourists can enjoy-surf beaches, a zoo, Koala Bear Park, and an
Opera House which is situated at the water’s edge. Some say that this is one of the most beautiful examples
of modern architecture in the world. For further entertainment there is a wide variety of restaurants,
theaters, nightclubs, sports, and social clubs.

4 there is also a very efficient network of communications within the city, including an underground
railway, buses and taxis

5 Sydney has a very pleasant, temperature climate. The average temperature in summer is 21.7 0 C,
and in winter 12.60 C
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6 There are a few places in the world where a visitor can find such a rich variety of natural and
historical beauty, entertainment and culture. Ask any Sydneysider about his city and he’ll say there’s no
place like it.

Activity 3: Post-Reading
Answer the following question. Do not read the whole text, but just read the paragraph you think appropriate to
answer the questions.

1. How many people are there inhabiting Sydney?

2. How does the writer feel about the harbor?
3. How many places of historical interest does the writer mention in the text? What are they?
4. Do you think that Sydney is a hot city?
5. Do you think you will find a city like Sydney in Indonesia?

Activity 4: Part and facilities

Complete the following diagram, which represents the description of Sydney. Three of them have been done for
you. How are they related to Sydney?

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Sydney the capital city

……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
…………………………………….. ………………………………………

………………………………………
……………………………………… Temperate climate
……………………………………….

The writer’s opinion on

Sydney

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Narration (Recount)
Activity 1 (Pre Reading)
1. Do you have unforgettable experience?
2. If yes, tell us about it?
3. What types of tense do you use?

Yesterday at my school we had International Day. We had performances, food stalls, displays, raffle ticket draw
and some of us were dressed in costumes.

We started our day off with performances but the one I liked best was the one from fourth grade. It was about
games. The performance I was in was called Labamba.

Straight after our performances we had our lunch. There were food stalls. They came from Australia, Asia, Arabic
and Greece.

Everyone had a job. These people were from sixth grade. I did my job after I had lunch. My job was to sell
International Day Books.

We had displays in the hall. These displays were good but I didn’t get to see them. The displays came from a lot
of countries.

There was also a Trash & Treasure stall where they sell toys. The school got these things by asking the children to
bring them in.

After lunch we had a raffle ticket draw. I didn’t win anything but a lot of people did.

Although I didn’t win anything, international Day was still fun.

Activity 2 (post reading)

1. What does the text tell about?
2. How many paragraph that you find in the text?
3. In which paragraph, we can find the topic of the text?
4. What does the last paragraph tell about?

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Give a check/tick in the proper column to identify whether the following statements belong to
Facts (F), Opinions (O), or Activities (A):
Statements F O A
Yesterday at my school we had International Day

We started our day off with performances but the one I liked best was
the one from fourth grade
The performance I was in was called Labamba

I did my job after I had lunch

The displays came from a lot of countries.

There was also a Trash & Treasure stall where they sell toys

Although I didn’t win anything, international Day was still fun

Make your own statements indicating facts, opinions or activities.

Fact

Opinion

Activity

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Discussion
The Controversy over Using Nuclear Energy

Activity 1 : Pre-Reading
Discuss and answer these questions.
1. What is meant by renewable and anon-renewable natural source?
2. Mention some renewable and non-renewable natural source
3. How do we use natural energy source in our daily live?

The Controversy over Using Nuclear Energy

Nuclear energy is commonly offered as an alternative to overcome the crisis of energy. The debate whether
the use of nuclear energy is an appropriate choice has not come to an end. Some people agree with the utilization of
it because of its benefits. Some others, however, disagree because of its risk to environment.

Those who agree with the operation of nuclear reactors usually argue that the energy produced from them
can be used for multi-proposes. The reactors can produce radioisotopes utilized in medical, industrial, and
agricultural fields. They also claim that nuclear energy is the only feasible choice to answer the ever – increasing
energy needs. According to them, the other sources of energy: oil, coal, and liquid natural gas are not renewable and
safe, while nuclear energy can be sustainably produced in a safe way.

Some government officials also point out that this kind of energy is the safest one in response to
environment compared to the non-renewable ones mentioned above. They claim that the reactor operates on
“zero-release” basis, which means that waste materials are processed so that none will be released into the
environment. In addition, they believe, nuclear energy will never cause pollution, but the others, especially oil and
coal, really do.

However, people disagreeing with the use of nuclear energy, on the other hand, keep criticizing that to
choose it as the best alternative to overcome the growing energy needs is silly. The silliness can be seen from the
question why they are interested in nuclear power when there is still an abundance of natural energy source: oil,
coal, hydroelectric, thermal, etc.

In reaction to environment, they add that the operation of the nuclear reactors does not make any sense.
Some NGOs specializing in efforts to save environment argue that their waste products completely destroy
environment and human lives. On the other hand, it is true that the other kinds of energy like oil and coal support
the environment pollution, but the contribution can still be tolerated. It is also true that nuclear reactor provide
energy in great quantities, but their contributions to destroy environment and lives cannot be avoided. A meltdown
in a reactor, for example, results in a contamination of soil and water under its core, making human lives impossible
for miles around. The reactor is also dangerous to lives because of its radiation leaking. In this case, it is often said
that under a good control no fission products are allowed to leak out from the reactor. But who can guarantee this?

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It is obvious that nuclear energy should be avoided because it endangers environment. If we continue using
it, while the radiation is very poorly controlled, then it will kill ourselves sooner or later. The government should pay
much attention to the fact and revise the choice.

Activity 3: Post-Reading
Read the text once more thoroughly, and then answer the questions.

1. Referring to the text, does the writer agree or disagree with the use of nuclear energy? Give your proof
2. Why nuclear energy is claimed the only feasible choice to answer the ever-increasing energy needs?
3. What is the main reason of those who reject the operation of a nuclear reactor?
4. What is the main reason of those who reject the operation of a nuclear reactor?
5. Related to the operation of a nuclear reactor, why does the government have an important role?

Activity 4: Identifying Indicators

Fill in the boxes with reasons for agreeing or disagreeing to the use of nuclear energy.

Agree Disagree

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

6. 6.

7. 7.

Activity 5: Applying Conjunctions

Join the sentence in Column A to the sentence in Column B so that they make good sense

1. Please report any reactor trouble at once a. although they support the environmental pollution

2. People often choose oil and coal as energy source b. so that we can make an urgent decision we need

3. A meltdown in a reactor must be completely c. In order to save time

avoided

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4. We usually prefer using liquid natural gas for d. because it will certainly destroy environment and
cooking human lives

5. We shall be able to know the strengths and e. after we scrutinized every single aspect of the
weaknesses of using nuclear energy operation of a nuclear reactor

Report
Algae
Activity 1: Pre-Reading

Answer the following question:

5. What is algae? Does it belong to plant or animal?

6. Where is it usually found?
7. Do you realize that it is classified into various types?
8. How is it classified?

Activity 2: While-Reading

Read the text quickly and find the answers to the following questions.

6. What is algae?
7. How is it classified?
8. How many types of algae are three?
9. What does the writer seem to write in the next paragraph?

Algae
1 Algae is a primitive from of life. Algae is a single-celled or simple multiple-celled organism. Algae is
able to conduct the process of photosynthesis. Algae is generally found in water, but can also be found
elsewhere, growing on such surfaces as rocks or trees. The various types of algae are classified according to
pigment.

2 Blue-green algae, or cyanophyta, can grow at a very high temperature and under intensity of light.
This type of algae is the oldest from of life with photosynthesis. Fossilized remain of blue-green algae more
than 3.4 billion years old have been found in parts of Africa.

3 Green algae, chlorophyta, is generally found in fresh water. It reproduces on the surface of enclosed
bodies of water such as ponds or lakes and has the appearance of a fuzzy green coating on the surface of
water.

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4 Brown algae, or phaeophyta, grows in a shallow, temperature water. This type of algae is the largest
in size and most recognizable as a type of seaweed. Its long stalks can be enmeshed on the ocean floor, or it
can float on the ocean’s surface.

5 Red algae, Rhodophyta, is a small delicate organism found in the formation of coral reef: it secretes
lime from the sea water to foster the formation of limestone deposits.

Activity 3: Post-Reading
Answer the following question by reading the relevant paragraph only:

6. In what places does algae usually grow?

7. What algae is the oldest?
8. What is the biggest algae?
9. Can we press red algae without crushing it?
10. What algae can help to form limestone deposit?

Give a tick in columns True, False, or Not given.

No Statement True False Not

Given
1. Algae may comprise of one or more than one cell that can conduct the
process of photosynthesis.
2. Cyanophyta can grow in a desert.
3. Cyanophyta lived more than 3000 millions years ago in South Africa
4. Green algae can grow in running water. Brown algae can grow on the
ocean floor as well as float on the surface of the ocean.
5. Brown algae can grow in Java Sea
6. Brown algae and red algae can grow at the same place.

Activity 4: Definition & Classification

Look at the sentence below on the way they define algae.

Algae is a primitive form of life, a single-called or simple multiple-called organism that is able to conduct the
process of photosynthesis

Formula:

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Things defined Verb of being Definition

Algae is a single-called or simple multiple-called organism that is able to conduct the

process of photosynthesis

Definition Passive verb Things defined

a single-called or simple multiple-called organism that is able to conduct the Is called Algae
process of photosynthesis

Define something you know best using the same formula

1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Explanation
Deserts
Activity 1: Pre-Reading

You are going to read an article which explains why deserts remain dry. Before you do that, check whether you
know the meanings of the words taken from the text.

1. Desert : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Water vapour : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Condense : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Evaporate : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Activity 2: While-Reading

Read the following passage quickly and mention the three main reasons which make deserts dry.

1. Reason 1 : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Reason 2 : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Reason 3 : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

How Deserts Remain Dry

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1 There are three possible reasons why deserts remain dry. These are high mountain barriers, cold
ocean currents and high pressure systems.

Mountain Barriers:

2 When warm air passes over the ocean it picks up moisture in the form of water vapour. As this moist
air travels over the land, it rises to pass over mountain ranges. When it begins to rise, the air cools and this
causes the water vapour to condense into droplets which fall as rain. When the air reaches the other side of
the mountain barrier, it has lost all its moisture and so the other side of the mountain remains dry.

Cold Ocean Currents:

3 Air passing over cold ocean currents is cooled and therefore is unable to pick up and hold much
moisture. When this cold air mass reaches the warm desert, any moisture in the air is evaporated and so
does not fall as rain and so the desert remains dry.

High Pressure Systems:

4 In a high pressure system, the air is dry and is moving downwards. As this system moves over the
land it draws in moisture from the land surface. Consequently the moisture does not fall as rain and so the
desert remains dry.

Activity 3: Ordering Sentence

Put the sentence in the right order to show how mountain barriers keep deserts dry. Write number 1 to 6 to
show the right order.

The air that reaches the other side of the mountain does not contain moisture anymore.
Moisture rises to pass over mountain ranges
Air picks up moisture from the ocean in the form of water vapour
Warm air passes over the ocean
Moisture travels over the land
The cool air condenses the water vapour causing rains.

Activity 4: Identifying References

Read the following paragraph taken from “How Deserts Remain Dry”. What does each of the word in the box
refer to?

When warm air passes over the ocean it picks up moisture in the form of water vapour. As this moist air travels
over the land, it rises to pass over mountain ranges. When it begins to rise, the air cools and this causes the water
vapour to condense into droplets which fall as rain. When the air reaches the other side of the mountain barrier, it
has lost all its moisture and so the other side of the mountain remains dry.

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Activity 5: Identifying References

When warm air passes over the ocean it picks up moisture in the form of water vapour.

The sentence contains a clause marker When

Format Marker Clause Clause

Sentence When warm air passes over the ocean it picks up moisture in the form of water
vapour

Other examples of clause markers are: as soon as, as, while, and if

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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