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Chapter 3

The document provides a comprehensive overview of matrices, including definitions, types, and properties such as row and column matrices, square matrices, and operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication. It also discusses concepts like symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, the transpose of a matrix, and the existence of an inverse. Additionally, it outlines elementary operations on matrices and includes important questions for assessment.

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11 views34 pages

Chapter 3

The document provides a comprehensive overview of matrices, including definitions, types, and properties such as row and column matrices, square matrices, and operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication. It also discusses concepts like symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, the transpose of a matrix, and the existence of an inverse. Additionally, it outlines elementary operations on matrices and includes important questions for assessment.

Uploaded by

janvis99192
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Empowering Educators BRISK LEARN/NG Solution Private Limited Empave MATRICES Top Terms 4 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. A matrix is an ordered rectangular array of numbers (real or complex) or functions or names or any type of data. The numbers or functions are called the elements or the entries of the matrix. The horizontal lines of elements constitute the rows of the matrix and the vertical lines of elements constitute the columns of the matrix. Each number or entity in a matrix is called its element. If a matrix contains m rows and n columns, then it is said to be a matrix of the order m x n (read as m by n). The total number of elements in a matrix is equal to the product of its number of rows and number of columns. A matrix is said to be a column matrix if it has only one column. A= [ailmx1 matrix is said to be a row matrix if it has only one row. A matrix is said to be a row matrix if it has only one row. B = [bili xn is row matrix of order 1x n. Rectangular matrix: A matrix in which the number of rows is not equal to the number of columns is called a rectangular matrix. A matrix each of whose elements is zero is called a zero matrix or null matrix. A matrix in which the number of rows is equal to the number of columns is said to be a square matrix. A matrix of order ‘m x n’ is said to be a square matrix if m= n and is known as a square matrix of order ‘n’. A square matrix which has every non—diagonal element as zero is called a diagonal matrix. Asquare matrix A = [ai]mxmis said to be a diagonal matrix if all its non-diagonal elements are zero, i.€., a matrix A = [ailmxm is Said to be a diagonal matrix if aj = 0 when i #j. (1) 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. BRISK LEARN/NG Asquare matrix in which the elements in the diagonal are all 1 and the rest are all zero is az (i if i-i " \o if izj called an identity matrix. A square matrix A = [ayJn.n is an matrix if A diagonal matrix is said to be a scalar matrix if its diagonal elements are equal, that is a square matrix B = [bin xn is said to be a scaler matrix if by = 0 when i#j and by = k when i =j for some constant k. Upper triangular matrix: A square matrix A = [a\] is called an upper triangular matrix if aj = 0 for all i > j. In an upper triangular matrix, all elements below the main diagonal are zero. Lower triangular matrix: A square matrix A = [a,] is called a lower triangular matrix if aj =O forall i and rA> 14. Properties of scalar multiplication of matrices If A= [aj], = [bj] are two matrices, and k and L are real number, then i, K(A+B)=kA+kB ii, (kK+IA=KA+IA ili. k(A +B) = k([aj]+Lb3]) = Klas] + kl] = kA + kB iv. (k+ LA = (k +L) [ail = [(k + Lag) = klag] + Lay] = kA + LA 15. If A= [ailmo, B = [bila are two matrices, then their product AB is given by C= [Cilmn such that qe Eas = AyDyy + AyDg; + AgDg; +... + BpDpj In order to multiply two matrices A and B, the number of columns in A = number of rows inB. 16. Properties of Matrix Multiplication (4) Commutative law does not hold in matrices, whereas associative and distributive laws hold for matrix multiplication. . In general, AB # BA i. Matrix multiplication is associative A(BC) = (AB)C Distributive laws: A(B+C) = AB+AC (A+B)C=AC+BC [Link] multiplication of two non-zero matrices can result in a null matrix. [Link] A is a square matrix, then we define Al = A and A™?= A". A 19. If Ais a square matrix, ao, a1, a2, ..., an are constants, then agA" + aA? + aA"? +... + anaA + an is called a matrix polynomial. [Link] A, B and C are matrices, then AB = AC, A#0 > B=C. In general, the cancellation law is not applicable in matrix multiplication. 21. Properties of transpose of matrices i If Ais a matrix, then (AT)T=A ii. (a+B)'=AT+ BT iii, (kB)" = kB", where k is any constant. 22. If Aand B are two matrices such that AB exists, then (AB)" = BT A’. 23, If A, Band Care two matrices such that AB exists, then (ABC)' = CT BT AT. 24. Every square matrix can be expressed as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix, ie. A=> (A+ AT) +2(4 — A") for any square matrix A. 25. A square matrix A is called an orthogonal matrix when AAT = Al 26. Anull matrix is both symmetric and skew symmetric. 27. Multiplication of diagonal matrices of the same order will be commutative. 28. There are six elementary operations on matrices—three on rows and three on columns. The first operation is interchanging the two rows, i.e., Ri + Rj implies that the i” row is interchanged with the j'" row. The two rows are interchanged with one another and the rest of the matrix remains the same. 29. The second operation on matrices is to multiply a row with a scalar or a real number, (5) i.e., Rio kR; that i row of a matrix A is multiplied by k. 30. The third operation is the addition to the elements of any row, the corresponding elements of any other row multiplied by any non-zero number, i.e., Ri > Ri + kRi k multiples of the jt row elements are added to the i” row elements. 31, Column operation on matrices ar, i. Interchanging the two columns: C, + Cx indicates that the r'” column is interchanged with the k column. ii, Multiply a column with a non-zero constant, i.e., C; > KC; ili, Addition of a scalar multiple of any column to another column, i.e. Ci > G+ kG; 32. Elementary operations help in transforming a square matrix to an identity matrix. 33, The inverse of a square matrix, if it exists, is unique. 34, The inverse of a matrix can be obtained by applying elementary row operations on the matrix A = 1A. In order to use column operations, write A = Al. 35. _ Either of the two operations—row or column—can be applied. Both cannot be applied simultaneously. 36. For any square matrix A with real number entries, A + A’ is a symmetric matrix and A — A’ is a skew- symmetric matrix. Laws of algebra are not applicable to matrices, i.e. (A+B)? # A? + 2AB + B? and (A+B) (A-B) # A?-B? Top Formulae 1. Anim xn matrix is a square matrix if m =n. 2. A= [ai] bi] = B if (i) A and B are of the same order, (ii) a = by for all possible values of i and j. 3. kA = kfailmxn = [k(ay)]mxn 4, “A= (-1)A (6) 5. A-B=A+(-1)B 6. IFA=[ailmxn and B= [bylaxp,then AB =C=[Cimxp, n where cx = )’ajby jal 7. Elementary operations of a matrix are as follows: i. Re ROrGeG fi, Ri > kRi or CG > kC iii, Ri > Ri + kRj or CG > C+ kG; (7) BRISK LEARN/NG Solution Private Limited Empowering Educators Class : 12th Maths Chapter-3: Matrices £° Nina of order mon san ordered reclangilar arzayof number ifAZja then is teanspose A (A¥yciaghen te ‘or functions having rows and columns The matrix 1 A=(2 1) then a-()) etna ate Also, (A= (k= Adlets + Ais symmetric marixif A=A' ie # Column mati tis ofthe form] [a1 as Jane + Row matrix: Itis ofthe form [aj Ais any mats, then ; Gg Sure matin: Hee n= n(n. ores =n. ofclumns) Aah((AEA)e(4 Alm eoeenecetat | Masti: All cow dipeal cues te sro 4 =i (Seal) i= j + Scalar matrix:4, = 04 jand Identity matrix:a, =i # jand a SM Skew, SM. Foregit ROR orG oC, IR, > kRorC, + KC, R, > R+kROrC, 9c, +kC, WE-B+A(A+B)+C=A+(B+C)-A= (A+B) =KA+KB, kis scalar and i(k +I)A=kA+IA, kand Lare constants. Ais the inverse of B and vice-versa inverse ofa square mattis, iit exists, s unique (na v4 Foreg:IfA=|3. 4|thenafter Rye>[Link]| 1 2 56 5 6 $A and Bare invertible matrices ofthe same order then (ABY'= BA". By elementary transformations, we ca convert AIA to I Teo ota. TEA=[1) 9 aNd B=[Pj]exp then AB=C=[Cipnxpr [Cu] S54 - Also; A(BC} ABBA (always). =(AB)C, A(B+C)= AB+ AC and(A+B)C= AC+BC, but (8) BRISK LEARN/NG Important Questions Multiple Choice questions- 1. If A= [aij]m«n is a square matrix, if; (a)mn (Qm=n (d) None of these. 2. Which of the given values of x and y make the following pair of matrices equal: 3e+7 5 0 y-2 yt1 2-32]|8 4 a-lye (a)x=-3y=7 (b) Not possible to find 2 (Qy=7,x=-3 (@)x=- 3. The number of all possible matrices of order 3 x 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is (a) 27 (b) 18 (981 (a) 512. Assume X, Y, Z, Wand P are matrices of order 2 « n, 3 x 1,2 x p,nx 3andpxk respectively. Now answer the following (4-5): 4, The restrictions on n, k and p so that PY + WY will be defined are (a)k=3,p=n (b) kis arbitrary, p = 2 (9) BRISK LEARN/NG eee smn (©) pis arbitrary (d)k=2,p=3. 5. Ifn =p, then the order of the matrix 7X - SZ is: (a)px2 (b)2*n (Qnx3 (d) pxn. 6. If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then AB - BAis a (a) Skew-symmetric matrix (b) Symmetric matrix (©) Zero matrix (d) Identity matrix. 7. cosa — sina IFA= then A+ A’=|,the value of ais sin a cos @ x @z x (bd); (On an @> 8. Matrices A and B will be inverse of each other only if: (a) AB=BA (b) AB- BA=0 (c) AB=0, BA=1I (d) AB=BA=1, (10) BRISK LEARN/NG _ Ss tion Private Limited Emponering Educators IFA 8 is such that A’ = |, then a (a) 1+07+8y=0 (b) 1-02 + Ry=0 (1-«?-Ry=0 (d)1+a?-Ry=0 10. If a matrix is both symmetric and skew- symmetric matrix, then: (a) Aisa diagonal matrix (b) Ais a zero matrix (0) Aisa square matrix (a) None of these. Very Short Questions: 1. Ifa matrix has 8 elements, what are the possible orders it can have. 2. Identity matrix of orders n is denoted by. 3. Define square matrix 4, The no. of all possible metrics of order 3 x 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is 5. Write (1) a33, a12 (ii) what is its order 6. Two matrices A = aj and B = by are said to be equal if 7. Define Diagonal matrix. 8. Every diagonal element of a skew symmetric matrix is [eosa -sina’] 9. If4=, | then A+4'= Find a [sine cosa} (11) BRISK LEARN/NG Solution Private Limited Empowering Educators a 10. 42), 2 | Find Ata! 6 Short Questions: 1, Write the element azs of a3 x 3 matrix A = [ay] whose elements atj are given by: —" 2. For what value of x is Np 1 2 0] [0 {1 2 1J]2 0 1] J2}=07¢ 10 2} (lz 3. Find a matrix A such that 2A - 3B + 5C = 0, 220). 0.[2 0 2 3.14) [71 6 .,_ ( cosa—sina 4. IfA= then for what sina — cosa 5. Find the values of x, y, zandt, if: deh Toes 7. \fA= dia and |= ibe find k so that A? = 5A + bk -1 2 ol 8. IfA and B are symmetric matrices, such that AB and BA are both defined, then prove that AB - BA is a skew symmetric matrix. (A.I.C.B.S.E. 2019) Long Questions: 1. Find the values of a, b, c and d from the following equation: (12) BRISK LEARN/NG Solution Private Limited Empowering Educators scl: ug) li al = ([Link]) 5e—d 4c+3d 11 24 9 -1 4 12 -1 2. If =At+ then find the matrix A. (C.B.S.E. 2013} —2 1 3 04 9 22 6 2 [Link]== |-3 1] B=]1 3] findthematrixC such that A+B +Cis a zero matrix 40 04 3. «6 -5 1 8 0 2 -2 [Link]=|4 -2]B=] 4 — 2] thenfind the matrix ’x’ of order 3 x 2, such that 2A + 5B. (NCERT) 3X = Assertion and Reason Questions: 1. Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes(a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below. a) Both Aand Rare true and R is the correct explanation of A. b) Both A and Rare true but R is not the correct explanation of A. c) Ais true but Ris false. d) Ais false and Ris true. e) Both Aand Rare false. Assertion(A):(} {]is an identity matrix. {t,itisj acy Reason (R): A matrix A=[aj] is an identity matrix if ©‘ +), 2. Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes(a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below. a) Both Aand Rare true and R is the correct explanation of A. b) Both A and Rare true but R is not the correct explanation of A. c) Ais true but R is false, d) Ais false and Ris true. e) Both Aand Rare false. (13) BRISK LEARN/NG _ Ss tion Private Limited Empowering Educators 1 Assertion (A): Matrix | is a column matrix. 2. Reason(R): A matrix of order m « 1 is called a column matrix. Case Study Questions: 1. Three shopkeepers A, B and C go to a store to buy stationary. A purchase 12 dozen notebooks, 5 dozen pens and 6 dozen pencils. B purchases 10 dozen notebooks, 6 dozen pens and 7 dozen pencils. C purchases 11 dozen notebooks, 13 dozen pens and 8 dozen pencils. A notebook costs % 40, a pen costs % 12 and a pencil costs % 3. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) The number of items purchased by shopkeepers A, B and C represented in matrix form as: (14) a Notebooks Pens Pencils 144 60 72] A 120 720 841 B 132 156 96] C b Notebooks Pens Pencils 144 72 60) A 120 84 72) B 132 156 96} C c Notebooks Pens Pencils 144 72 72] A 120 156 84] B 132 84 96] C d Notebooks Pens Pencils 144 60 60] A 120 84 72) 3B 132 156 96] C (ii) IfY represents the matrix formed by the cost of each item, then XY equals. (15) BRISK LEARN/NG Solution Private Limited Empowering Eds 5741 6780 8040 : 6696 b. | 5916 7440 i c. ; 6696 7440 6740 5740 8140 (iii) Bill of A is equal to: a. %6740 b. 38140 c. 25740 d. 2 6696 (iv) If A? = A, then (A +1)3- 7A= aA b.A-l cl a Atl (v)IFA and Bare 3 x 3 matrices such that A? - B? = (A- B) (A+ B), then a. Bither A or Bis zero matrix. b. Either A or Bis unit matrix. (16) BRISK LEARN/NG _ Ss —_liton Private Linited Empowering Eduatos c. A=B d. AB=BA 2. Consider 2 families A and B. Suppose there are 4 men,4 women and 4 children in family A and 2 men, 2 women and 2 children in family B. The recommend daily amount of calories is 2400 for a man, 1900 for a woman, 1800 for a children and 45 grams of proteins for a man, 55 grams for a woman and 33 grams for children. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) The requirement of calories and proteins for each person in matrix form can be represented as: (17) a Calorise Proteins Man 2400 45 Woman 1900 55 Children | 1800 33 b. Calorise Proteins Man 1900 55 Woman | 2400 45 Children | 1800 33 c Calorise Proteins Man 1800 33 Woman 1900 55 Children | 2400 45 d Calorise Proteins Man 2400 33 Woman 1900 55 Children | 1800 45 (ii) Requirement of calories of family A is: a. 24000 b. 24400 c. 15000 d. 15800. (iii) Requirement of proteins for family Bis: a. 560 grams b. 332 grams c. 266 grams d. 300 grams (iv) If A and Bare two matrices such that AB = B and BA = A, then A? + B? equals. a. 2AB b. 2BA c A+B d. AB (18) BRISK LEARN/NG Solution Private Limited wir = (aj)mxn, B= (Dij)axp and C = (¢; )pxa then the product (BC) A is possible only when. Hou wets poop BUSS Answer Key- Multiple Choice questions- 1. Answer: (c) m=n 2. Answer: (b) Not possible to find 3. Answer: (d) 512. 4. Answer: (a) k=3,p=n 5. Answer: (b) 2 xn Py Answer: (a) Skew-symmetric matrix x Answer: (a) 8. Answer: (d) AB=BA=I. 9. Answer: (c) 1- a? - Ry=0 10. Answer: (b) Ais a zero matrix Very Short Answer: 1. Solution: 1x8, 8x1, 4x2, 2x4, 2. Solution: In 3. Solution: A matrix in which the no. of rows are equal to no. of columns ie. m =n 4. Solution: 512=29 5. Solution: (i) a33 = 9, a= 4 (19) (ii) 3x3 ry . Solution: They are of the same order. nN diagonal matrix. Solution: Zero. 2 Solution: [cosa sina] [cosa sina ] Atad'=| {sna cosa|"|-sina cosa} ose 0) {0 2cosa| A+ A'=I(Giver) [cosa 0] [1 0 [0 2cosa} 2eosa=1 1 cosa =— cos a= cos = 3 10. olution: 1 AtA'= 6 ron] ln a4] Short Answer: 1. Solution: . Solution: A square matrix in which every non - diagonal element is zero is called (20) BRISK LEARN/NG 0 (624]] 2] =0 z = [0+4+ 4x] =0 = [4444 = [0 >4+4x=0. Hence, x =-1 3. Solution: Here, 2A - 3B + SC=0 = 2A=3B-5C (21) BRISK LEARN/NG Solution Private Limited 8 3°45 Hence,A=]_13 _) _9 |- 4. Solution: : cosa — sina HereA={ sina — cosa (: 1) Now A=1l= when 01 cos a=1 and sina=0. Hence, a = 0. 5. Solution: We have: x2z 1-1 35 | ae A oe dw 2) 13 -3 9 15 = lay wf"lo 6] *}i2 18 2x+3 22-3 9 15 i dy +6] = [12 18 = 2x+3=9 a) 22-3=15 (22) BRISK LEARN/NG _ SS §—1:tOn Private Limited Empower 2b +6 = 18 sence (4) From (1), > 2x=9-3 = 2x=6 x53. From (3) 2y = 12 =>y=6. From (2), = 22-3 = 15 = 22=18 =37=9, From (4), 2t+6 = 18 = 2t=12 St=6 Hence, x= 3, y= 6,2=9 andt=6. 6. Solution: 2ICK WehaveA=/2 1 3 1-1 0 Then A? = AA (23) BRISK LEARN/NG Solution Empowering Educators yate Limited 2 0 17/2 01 =|2 1 3/f2 13 1-1 oj[1 -1 0 44041 040-1 2+0+0 =|4+2+3 O+1-3 24340 2-2+0 0-1-0 1-3+0 $s -1 2 =|9 2 5 0-1 2 5-1 2] [2 01 sAP-SA=19 2 5/-5/2 1 3 o -1 2] [1-10 5-10 -1-0 2-5 =|9-10 -2-5 5-15 0-5 -1+5 -2-0 Ss -1 3 =|-1 -7 -10 5 4 2 7. Solution: 301 Wehave: A=|_1 | - 3 01773 1 sMsAA=] "1 9]/] 2) 2 9-1 342] [8 5 2 -144}=[-5 3] -@ 3 1) fis 5 Also, SA =5 -1 2/=|-5 10 (2) k 0 wud i (24) BRISK LEARN/NG _ Ss tion Private Limited 1 APS SA4H 8 5] [is 5] [k 0 1-5 3/=|-5 wjt}o & [Using (1), (2) & (3)) 8 5] fistk 5 1-5 3/=| -5 10+k = 8=15+kand3=10+k =k=-landk=-7. Hence, k - (-7). 8. Solution: Since A and B are symmetric matrices, =AandB’ =B...(1) Now, (AB - BA)’= (AB)’ - (BA)’ =B’A'-A'B’ = BA-AB [Using (1)] =~ (AB - BA). Hence, AB - BA is a skew-symmetric matrix Long Answer: 1. Solution: We have jets Til al 5e—d 4c+3d} [11 24 Comparing the corresponding elements of two given matrices, we get: 2a+b=4..(1) a-2b =-3 ...(2) 5e-d=11...(3) (25) BRISK LEARN/NG eee sinha 4c+3d=24...(4) Solving (1) and (2): From (1), b=4-2a..(5) Putting in (2), a- 2 (4- 2a) =-3 >a-8+4a=-3 =S5a=5 =a=l. Putting in (5), b=4-2(1)=4-2=2 Solving (3) and (4): From (3), d=5c-11..(6) Putting in (4), 4c+ 3 (Sc- 11) =24 = 4c+15c-33 = 24 = 19¢=57 Sc Putting in (6), d=5(3)-11=15-11=4. Hence, a= 1,b = 2,c=3andd=4. 2. Solution: (26) ad _ [au © Lan an 9 -14 213 i] (pie = Lay +0 Comparing: BRISK LEARN/NG Solution Private Limited Empowering aj) +2 a3—1 ay +4 a3 +9) 9=ant+1-1=az+2, 45 1i3-1,-2=a21 1=az2+4,and3=a23+9 an = 8, a12= - 3, ai3 = 5, aa = -2 ar 3, and az3 8 Hence, A = —2 3. Solution: =3 il -3 -6 (27) BRISK LEARN/NG yate Limited Solution Empowering Educators eu 412 Let C=]; cx |. 631 32, Then A+B+C=O 2 2] [6 2] feu ce =}-3 1/+]1 3] tle cn |= 40} [0 4} Len ex 246 242] [or cn eco = ]-3+1 143] +] cy |=|0 440 044] [oy ep coo coo 2464e, 2+2+e =|-341te) 1+3+ey 440+cy O+4+cey eoo eco 8+q, 44q2] 0 0 =|-2+e 44ey|=/0 0]. 4tey 44cy| [0 0 Comparing: 84+cen=0>cn=-8, 4+C2=03Cn=-4, -2+C1=05Cr=2 44+(C2=03Cx2=-4, 4+c0=0>Ca=-4 and 4 + ¢32= 0 = C32 =-4. -8 -4 Hence, C = 2 -4 -4 -4 . Solution: We have: 2A + 3X = SB (28) BRISK LEARN/NG eee sinha => 2A + 3X-2A = 5SB-2A = 2A-2A + 3X = SB-2A = (2A-2A)+3X=5B-2A = 0+3X=5B-2A [ - 2A is the inverse of2A] = 3X=5B-2A. [ » O is the additive identity] Hence, X = = (SB - 2A) i{f 10-10) f-16 0 =-|| 20 10l+}-8 4 3\|-25 5] | -6 -12 1 10-16 -10+0 = 20-8 10+4 3 -25-6 5-12 1 -6 -10 -2 -10/3 =s/ 12) M4/= 4 14/3 3 -31 -7) [-31/3 -7/3, Assertion and Reason Answers: 1. (d) Ais false and Ris true. Solution: We know that, “hi of is an indentity matrix «Given Assertion [A] is false We know that for identity matrix ay= 1, ifi=jand ay= 0, ift#j Given Reason (R) is true Hence option (d) is the correct answer. 2.a) Both Aand Rare true and Ris the correct explanation of A. Solution: (29) We know that order of column matrix is always m x 1 1 215 \2| is column matrix. = Assertion (A) is true Also Reason (R) is true and is correct explanation of A. Hence option (a) is the correct answer. Case Study Answers: 1. Answer : i. (2) Notebooks Pens Pencils 144 60 72| A 120 720 84) B 132 156 96] C Solution: Notebooks Pens Pencils 144 X= | 120 132 60 72) A 720 84| B 156 96] C (30) eee 6696 il (b) | 5916 7440 Solution: 40] Notebook since, Y= | 12 Pens 3 Pencil 144 60 72] [40 *, XY=/]120 72 84] | 12 132 156 96 3 5760 + 720 + 216 6696 = | 4800 + 864+ 252 | = | 5916 5280 + 1872 + 288 7440 iii, (d) 76696 Solution: Bill of Ais % 6696. iv. (c)1 Solution: (A+1)2= A+ 2A+1=3A+T = (A+ 13 =(3A+1 (A+D =3A?+4A+1=7A+1 en (A+ D8-7A=1 v. (d) AB=BA Solution: A2-B2=(A-B) (A+B) =A2+AB-BA-B? BRISK LEARN/NG Solution Private Limited Empowering Edu (31) BRISK LEARN/NG eee “2 AB=BA 2. Answer: i@ Calorise Proteins Man 2400 9 45 Woman | 1900 55 Children | 1800 33 Solution: Let F be the matrix representing the number of family members and R be the matrix representing the requirement of calories and proteins for each person. Then Men Women Children _ Family A [4 4 4 ~ Family B [2 2 2 Calorise Proteins Man 2400 45 R= Woman 1900 55 Children | 1800 33 ii, (b) 24400 Solution: The requirement of calories and proteins for each ofthe two families is given by the product matrix FR. 2400 45 r= |? 4 | 1900 55 222 1800 33 _ [4(2400 +1900 + 1800) 4(45 +55 +33) ~ [2(2400 + 1900+ 1800) 2(45 +55 + 33) Calories Proteins R= 24400 532] Family A ~ [12200 —-266 | Family B (32) BRISK LEARN/NG _ Ss tion Private Limited Empower ili (¢) 266 grams iv. (c)A+B Solution: Since, AB = B... (i) BA=A... (ii) J APH B= AXA+BXB = A(BA) + B(AB) = (AB)A + (BA)B =BA+ AB =A+B (a)m=q < Solution: A= (aj)ma B= (bi)axp: C= (Cii)pxa BC = (bijnxp * (ij) pxa = (di)nxa (BO)A = (dij)axcq % (2j)mxn Hence, (BC)A is possible only when m = q (33)

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