Unit - 2 – Solutions
Section A:
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. The boiling point of an azeotropic mixture of water and ethanol is less than that
of water and ethanol. The mixture shows
(a) no deviation from Raoult’s Law.
(b) positive deviation from Raoult’s Law.
(c) negative deviation from Raoult’s Law.
(d) that the solution is unsaturated.
2. Which of the following aqueous solutions should have the highest boiling point
(a) 1.0 M NaOH
(b) 1.0 M Na2SO4
(c) 1.0 M NH4NO3
(d) 1.0 M KNO3
3. In comparison to a solution of glucose, the depression in freezing point of a
0.01 M MgCl2 solution is__
(a) the same
(b) about twice
(c) about three times
(d) about six times
4. A mixture contains 1 mole of volatile liquid A(Po =100 mm Hg) and 3 moles
of volatile liquid B(P o=80 mm Hg). If solution behave ideally, the total vapour
pressure of the distillate is
(a) 85 mm Hg
(b) 85.88 mm Hg
(c) 90 mm Hg
(d) 92 mm Hg
5. A system that forms maximum boiling azeotrope is
(a) ethyl alcohol-water
(b) benzene-toluene
(c) acetone-chloroform
(d) carbon disulfide-acetone
Read the passage given and answer the questions given:
Scuba divers must cope with high concentrations of dissolved gases while breathing air
at high pressure underwater. Increased pressure increases the solubility of atmospheric
gases in blood. When the divers come towards surface, the pressure gradually decreases.
This releases the dissolved gases and leads to the formation of bubbles of nitrogen in the
blood. This blocks capillaries and creates a medical condition known as bends, which are
painful and dangerous to life. To avoid bends, as well as the toxic effects of high
concentrations of nitrogen in the blood, the tanks used by scuba divers are filled with air
diluted with helium, nitrogen, and oxygen.
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Assertion-reason questions:
In the following questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason
is given.
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is the correct
explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is not the correct
explanation for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement
1. Assertion: Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes with temperature.
Reason: The volume of a solution changes with change in temperature.
2. Assertion: 0.1 M HCl solution has higher osmotic pressure than 0.1 M NaCl
solution.
Reason: Cl- ions being common, the small size H+ ions have greater ionic
mobility than large size Na+ ions.
3. Assertion: Lowering of vapour pressure is directly proportional to osmotic
pressure of the solution.
Reason: Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
4. Assertion: Non-ideal solutions always form azeotropes.
Reason: Boiling point of azeotrope may be higher or lower than boiling
points of both components
5. Assertion: Out of various colligative properties, osmotic pressure is used for
determination of molecular masses of polymers.
Reason: Polymer solutions do not possess a constant boiling point or freezing
point.
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Section B:
Answer the following:
1. Define the term [Link] one example of a minimum boiling azeotrope
2. Why is the liquid ammonia bottle cooled in ice before being opened?
3. An aqueous solution containing m moles of non-volatile solute freezes at -
0.186oC. Calculate the elevation in the boiling point of the same aqueous
solution (Kf = 1.86, Kb= 0.512
4. What effect does pressure have on the solubility of solids and liquids?
5. An ideal solution is formed by two liquids A and B. A solution containing
1 mole of A and 3 moles of B has a vapour pressure of 550 mm of Hg at
300K. If one mole of B is added to this solution at the same temperature,
the vapour pressure rises by 10 mm of Hg. What is the vapour pressure of
A and B in their pure states, respectively?
6. Define the terms ‘osmosis’ and ‘osmotic pressure’. What is the advantage
of using osmotic pressure as compared to other colligative properties for
the determination of molar masses of solutes in solutions?
7. Describe the significance of Henry's constant (KH). Hydrogen is more
soluble in water than helium at the same temperature. Which of them will
have a higher KH value and why?
8. What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62.0 g mol-1) must be added
to 5.50 kg of water to lower the freezing point of water from 0 to – 10.0°0
(kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1).
9. Calculate the boiling point of a solution when 2 g of Na2SO4 (M = 142
g/mol) was dissolved in 50 g of water, assuming Na2SO4 undergoes
complete dissociation.
10. 2 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 25 g of benzene shows a depression in
freezing point equal to 1.62 K. Molal depression constant for benzene is
4.9 K kg /mol. What is the percentage association of the acid if it forms
dimer in solution?
11. 15.0 g of an unknown molecular material was dissolved in 450 g of water.
The resulting solution was found to freeze at – 0.34°C. What is the molar
mass of this material? (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
12. Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C,) C6H8O6 to be dissolved in
75 g of acetic acid to lower its melting point by 1.5 0 C. Kf = 3.9 K kg/mol.
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