Name: N.

TEJASRI Date: 03 / 03 / 2025

Roll Number: 23EG504A08 Page No:

EMBEDDED SYSTEM & IOT

Smart Street Light System

AIM: To write a program on NODE MCU to adapaitvely control street light and send data into Adafruit,io cloud using
MQTT protocol.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: Arduino IDE.

HARDWARE REQUIRED: Node MCU, [Link] Cloud , LDR sensor , led board , jumper wires.

THEORY:
This project demonstrates an IoT-based smart street light system using NodeMCU ESP8266, LDR (Light
Dependent Resistor), and LED. The system automatically turns the LED ON in the dark and OFF in bright light.
It also sends real-time LDR readings and LED status to Adafruit IO Cloud, enabling remote monitoring.
The implementation of smart lighting systems is crucial in modern cities to enhance energy efficiency and
reduce operational costs. Traditional street lighting systems operate based on pre-set timers, which may not
always align with actual lighting conditions. This can lead to unnecessary power consumption during daylight
hours or insufficient illumination at night. By integrating light-dependent sensors (LDR) and cloud-based IoT
platforms such as Adafruit IO, this project ensures dynamic control of street lighting based on real-time
environmental conditions.
Additionally, the remote monitoring feature provided by Adafruit IO allows city administrators or users to track
the performance of streetlights, analyze light patterns, and optimize operational efficiency. This setup
significantly reduces energy wastage, promotes sustainable urban development, and enhances public safety by
ensuring well-lit streets in darkness.

Embedded Systems & IOT Lab ECE Department Anurag University

Name: [Link] Date: 03 / 03 / 2025
Roll Number: 23EG504A08 Page No:

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Setting Up the Hardware
1. Gather all required components.
2. Connect the LDR sensor to the A0 pin of the NodeMCU.
3. Connect the LED to D2 (GPIO4) of the NodeMCU with the cathode connected to GND.
4. Power the NodeMCU using a 5V USB adapter.
Step 2: Configuring Adafruit IO
1. Create an account at Adafruit IO.
2. Navigate to Feeds → Create two feeds: "LDR_Value" and "LED_Status".
3. Go to Dashboards → Create a new dashboard and add widgets for LDR & LED status.
4. Navigate to API Keys and copy your AIO Username and AIO Key.
Step 3: Writing and Uploading the Code
1. Open the Arduino IDE and install the necessary libraries (ESP8266WiFi, Adafruit MQTT).
2. Copy and paste the provided Arduino code into the IDE.
3. Replace Wi-Fi credentials and Adafruit IO credentials in the code.
4. Select NodeMCU 1.0 as the board and upload the code to the NodeMCU.
Step 4: Testing and Monitoring
1. Open the Serial Monitor in Arduino IDE to check real-time LDR values.
2. Observe the LED turning ON/OFF based on ambient light.
3. Log in to Adafruit IO Dashboard and check if LDR readings & LED status are updated.
4. Test by covering/uncovering the LDR sensor and observing LED behavior.

SOURCE CODE:
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include "Adafruit_MQTT.h"
#include "Adafruit_MQTT_Client.h"

#define WIFI_SSID "Your_WiFi_SSID"

#define WIFI_PASS "Your_WiFi_Password"
#define AIO_SERVER "[Link]"
#define AIO_USERNAME "Your_Adafruit_IO_Username"
#define AIO_KEY "Your_Adafruit_IO_Key"

WiFiClient client;
Adafruit_MQTT_Client mqtt(&client, AIO_SERVER, 1883, AIO_USERNAME, AIO_KEY);

Adafruit_MQTT_Publish ldrFeed = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt, AIO_USERNAME "/feeds/LDR_Value");

Adafruit_MQTT_Publish ledFeed = Adafruit_MQTT_Publish(&mqtt, AIO_USERNAME "/feeds/LED_Status");

const int ldrPin = A0; // LDR connected to A0

const int ledPin = D2; // LED connected to D2

Embedded Systems & IOT Lab ECE Department Anurag University

Name: [Link] Date: 03 / 03 / 2025
Roll Number: 23EG504A08 Page No:

int threshold = 500; // Adjust based on LDR sensitivity

void connectWiFi() {
[Link]("Connecting to WiFi...");
[Link](WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS);
while ([Link]() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
[Link](".");
}
[Link](" Connected!");
}

void connectMQTT() {
while ([Link]() == false) {
[Link]("Connecting to Adafruit IO...");
if ([Link]()) {
[Link](" Connected!");
} else {
[Link](" Failed. Retrying...");
delay(2000);
}
}
}

void setup() {
[Link](115200);
connectWiFi();
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
connectMQTT();

int ldrValue = analogRead(ldrPin);

[Link]("LDR Value: ");
[Link](ldrValue);

bool ledStatus;
if (ldrValue < threshold) {
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn ON LED in darkness
ledStatus = 1;
} else {
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Turn OFF LED in brightness
ledStatus = 0;
}

// Publish LDR and LED data to Adafruit IO

if () {
[Link]("Failed to send LDR value");
}
if () {
[Link]("Failed to send LED status");
}

delay(15000); // Send data every 15 seconds

}

Embedded Systems & IOT Lab ECE Department Anurag University

Name: [Link] Date: 03 / 03 / 2025
Roll Number: 23EG504A08 Page No:

Advantages:

1. Energy Efficiency: Reduces power consumption by turning on lights only when needed.
2. Remote Monitoring: Enables real-time tracking of streetlights via Adafruit IO.
3. Cost-Effective: Requires minimal components and low maintenance.
4. Automation: Eliminates manual switching and enhances reliability.
5. Scalability: Can be extended with motion sensors, solar panels, and advanced analytics.

Applications

1. Smart Cities: Used for intelligent street lighting in urban areas.

2. Parking Lots: Provides automated lighting control based on ambient light.
3. Highways & Roads: Ensures safety and visibility during nighttime.
4. Gardens & Pathways: Suitable for outdoor lighting automation.
5. Industrial Areas: Enhances energy savings in factories and warehouses.

RESULT:

NodeMCU-based Smart Street Light System is an automatic, energy-efficient IoT lighting solution. It ensures
optimized energy consumption by automating streetlights based on real-time light intensity. The integration
with Adafruit IO enables remote monitoring, making it a smart and sustainable solution for urban infrastructure.
This system can be further enhanced with motion sensing, cloud analytics, and solar energy for broader
applications.

Embedded Systems & IOT Lab ECE Department Anurag University