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BIT Curriculum

PO Box 20828, Kamalpokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal

Tel: 4534990, 4534178 | Email: info@[Link]
[Link]
 Purbanchal University
Bachelor in Information Technology (BIT)

Year: I Semester: I
S.N Course Course description Credit Lecture Tutorial Practical Total
Code s (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs)
1 BIT101SH Mathematics- I 3 3 2 - 5
2 BIT170CO Fundamentals of 3 3 1 2 6
Information Technology
3 BIT105SH Technical Communication 2 3 1 - 4
(English)
4 BIT120EL Basic Electrical System & 3 3 1 2 6
Circuit
5 BIT190MS Principles of Management 3 3 1 - 4
6 BIT175CO Computer Programming-I 3 3 1 2 6
7 BIT178CO Project-I 2 - - 3 3
Total 19 18 7 9 34

1
 Mathematics I
BIT101SH
Year:I Semester:I
Teaching schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme

Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Assessment Total

Theory Practical Theory Practical

3 2 - 20 - 20 100

1. Coordinate Systems [3 Hrs]

1.1 Rectangular coordinates in a plane
1.2 Polar coordinates
1.3 Rectangular coordinates in space
1.4 Cylindrical polar coordinates
1.5 Spherical polar coordinates
1.6 Transformation of one coordinate system into another system
2. Elementary Coordinates Geometry [5 Hrs]
2.1 The conic sections
2.2 Translation of Axes
2.3 Equation of a conic in polar coordinates
3. Vectors and Solid Geometry [10 Hrs]
3.1 The concept of a vector
3.2 Addition & Subtraction of vectors
3.3 Resolution of vectors
3.4 Scalar Dot product of two vectors
3.5 Vector Cross product of two vectors
3.6 Equation of Line and Plane
3.7 Product of three or more vectors
3.8 Sphere, Cylinder and Cone
3.9 Quadratic Surfaces
4. Application of Differentiation [8 Hrs]
4.1 Geometric Applications
4.2 Related Rates
4.3 Roll’s and Mean – Value theorems
4.4 Indeterminate forms
4.5 Maxima and Minima
4.6 Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s series

2
 4.7 Curvature
4.8 Asymptotes

5. Applications of the Definite Integral [5 Hrs]

5.1 Area bounded by a curve
5.2 Volume and surface area of solids of revolution
5.3 Length of an arc of a curve
5.4 Area and volume in polar coordinates
6. Functions of several variables [4 Hrs]
6.1 Functions of several variables
6.2 Limits and continuity
6.3 Partial derivatives First and Second Order
6.4 Homogenous functions, Euler’s Theorem
7. Multiple Integrals [4 Hrs]
7.1 Definition and Evaluation of Double Integrals
7.2 Area by Double Integration
7.3 Introduction to triple integrals & some simple applications
7.4 Change of variables
8. Matrix algebra [6 Hrs]
8.1 Definition, Equality of matrices, Addition & Scalar Multiplication of a matrix
8.2 Product of matrices
8.3 Some special types of matrices
8.4 Matrices & Determinants (simple cases only)
8.5 Adjoint & Inverse of a matrix
8.6 Cramer’s rule
8.7 Use of matrices in solving a system of linear equation (Homogenous & Non-homogeneous
system)

Text Book

1. Engineering Mathematics Vol: S.S Sastry Prentic Hall of India

References:

1. FraleightJ.B. Calculus with analytic grometry, Addisen Wesley pub. Community, Inc(1980)
2. Bajpai, A.C Calus LM. And fairley, J.A Mathematics for Engineering & scientists, Vol I John
wiley& sons (1973)
3. Goldstain, I.J Lay D.C. and Schneider, D.I Calculus and its Applications prentice Hall Inc. (1977)
4. Spiegel, M.R Theory and problems of advanced calculus schaum publish.
5. Srivastava, R.S.L. Engineering Mathematics, Vol I, Tata, Mc Graw hillpub (1980)
6. N. Saran & J.K. Goyal, Introduction to matrices pragmatic Prakashan (1990)

3
 Fundamentals of Information Technology
BIT170CO
Year : I Semester : I
Teaching schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme

Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Assessment Total

Theory Practical Theory Practical

3 1 2 20 20 60 100

Objectives: to provide fundamental concepts of information technology and its application in various
fields.

Course Contents:

1. History of Computers: [2Hrs]

Abacus, Pascaline, Different Engine, Colossus, Generation of Computer Turing machine,
ENIAC, UNIVAC, EDVAC, IBM Machines, Microprocessor, LSI, VLSI, Pentium fifth generation
computing.
2. Introduction to computer systems: [8 Hrs]
Introduction to computer, classification of digital computer systems, Anatomy of digital
computers, computer architecture, Memory units, Auxiliary storage devices Input devices,
Output devices.
3. Computer Software
Introduction to computer software, operating system, programming language, general
software features and trends.
4. Data and Database management systems: [4Hrs]
Data processing, Introduction to database management systems
5. Telecommunications: [6 Hrs]
Introduction to telecommunications, Computer networks, Communication systems,
Distributed systems.
6. Internet and Intranet [6 Hrs]
Internet & World Wide Web, Electronic mail, Internets
7. Multimedia & Virtual reality [3 Hrs]
Introduction to multimedia, Multimedia tools, Introduction to virtual reality
8. New technologies in Information Technology [6 Hrs]
Electronic commerce, Hypermedia, Data Warehouse and Data Marts, Data Mining, On-Line
Analytical Processing (OLAP)
9. Applications of Information Technology: [4 Hrs]

4
 Computer in business and industry, Computers in home, Computer in education and training,
Computer in entertainment, science, medicine and engineering.
10. Information Security [2Hrs]
Cyber laws, Computer crime, Information privacy and security.

References

1. Alexis Leon, Mathews Leon, “Fundamentals of Information Technology”, Leon TCHWORI.

2. Peter Norton “Peter Norton’s Introduction to Computers” Tat McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Ltd.
3. Robert Cowart, “Mastering Windows- Premium Editing”, BPB Publication
4. Ron Mansfield,”Mastering Word” BPB Publication.
5. Thomas Mansfield,” Richard A. Alden, Mastering Excel”, BPB Publication.
6. Katherine Murray,” Mastering Power Point”, BPB Publication.
7. Shankar N. Adhikary, Ajay K. Shah, “Business Application of Computers”, Buddha Publication

Lab Works:
To familiarize students with operating systems and desktop application using current version of
windows.

Course Contents

A. Microsoft Windows
Part Introductory
Chapter 1 Introduction to OS, Interface, GUI vs CUI
Chapter 2 Introduction to windows, features, Elements of Windows

Part II Using Windows

Chapter 3 Taskbar, Using menus and sub menus to search items, opening program,
opening multiple programs.

Chapter 4 Short cuts and Using short cuts, using my computer, switching off the system

Part III Customizing Windows

Chapter 5 Desktop and custom wall papers, Screen Server

Chapter 6 Using Help for Interactive learning

Part IV Using Application

Chapter 7 Using general accessories- Notepad Paint Clipboard Character map, Calculator
etc.

Chapter 8 Using Multimedia, Using Compact Disk, Using Audio/Video.

Chapter 9 Searching Files and Folders

5
Part V Managing Information

Chapter 10 Using explorer to manage files and folders- Copy/Delete/Rename/Shortcuts,

Sharing information with other storage media

Chapter 11 Recycle Bin and its uses

Part VI Disk Manager

Chapter 12 Using format, Scandisk and Disk Defragmenter

B. Microsoft Word

Part I Introductory

Chapter 1 Introduction to Word: Elements of Word Window, Creating and Saving

Document
Chapter 2 viewing and navigating

Part II Formatting Fundamentals

Chapter 3 Margins and Page Breaks

Chapter 4 Characters, Fonts and Symbols

Chapter 5 Formatting Paragraphs

Chapter 6 Tabs, Tables, Math, Sorting

Chapter 7 Headers, Footers, Page Numbers and Footnotes

Chapter 8 Formatting Documents with Section Breaks

Chapter 9 Using Paragraph Styles and Auto Format

Part III Graphics in Word

Chapter 10 Introduction to Graphic in Word

Chapter 11 Using the Text Boxes to frame, Position and Anchor Text

Chapter 12 inserting Word Art, Clip Art and Charts

Part IV Productivity Tools

Chapter 13 Templates, Wizards and Sample Documents

Chapter 14 Auto Text, Auto Correct, and Insert

Chapter 15 Author’s Tools-Setting Language, Spell Checker, Thesaurus, Word Counts

Chapter 16 Finding and Replacing

6
 Chapter 17 Viewing Document- Organizing with Normal, Page Layout & Outline View

Part V Power Tools

Chapter 18 Using Charts and Graphs

Chapter 19 Concepts of OLE Linking and embedding

Chapter 20 Creating and Using Macros

Chapter 21 Personalizing Word

Part VI Printing Document

Chapter 22 Setting up Document for Printing-Page Setup

Chapter 23 Previewing and Printing

C. DOS 4
Part 1: Internet & External Commands of DOS
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers Introduction to DOS
Chapter 2 Basic DOS Commands Managing Your Hard Disk
Chapter 3 Advance DOS Commands, DOS 6 & 6.2 Commands, Troubleshooting DOS
Errors
D. Microsoft Excel
Part I Introductory
Chapter 1 Introduction to Excel: Excel Environment, Elements of Excel window

Chapter 2 Managing Workbooks, Worksheets and Windows

Chapter 3 Working Inside Worksheet

Part II Basic Skills

Chapter 4 Using Formulas and Functions

Chapter 5 Formatting/Conditional Formatting Data and Worksheet

Chapter 6 Using Paste Special

Part III Tapping Excel’s Power

Chapter 7 The power of Range Names

Chapter 8 Essential Worksheet function

Chapter 9 Using Templates

Chapter 10 Protecting the files Worksheet with Passwords

7
Part IV Graphics and Charts

Chapter 11 Working with Graphic Object-Clip Art, Word Art, Map

Chapter 12 Charting Basics

Chapter 13 Creating Custom Charts

Chapter 14 Constructing, Complex Chart Using Advanced Techniques

Part V Introductory

Chapter 15 Getting More Power from Worksheet Databases

Chapter 16 Accessing External Databases

Part VI Cell Referencing

Chapter 17 Cell Referencing Excel: Relative, Absolute and Mixed.

Chapter 18 Loan Amortization Scheduling and Calculation

Part VII Exercising What-If Analysis

Chapter 19 Consolidation and Outlining

Chapter 20 Using What-If Analysis Data Table, Goal Seek and Scenario Manager

Part VIII Pivot Tables

Chapter 21 Understanding Pivot Tables

Chapter 22 Construction and Analyzing Pivot Tables

Part IX Customizing Excel

Chapter 23 Using Custom Controls on Worksheets

Chapter 24 Effectively Using Macro Recorder

Part X Printing Worksheet

Chapter 25 Setting up the Worksheet

Chapter 26 Printing Worksheets

E. Microsoft Power Point:

Part I Introductory
Chapter 1 Introduction to Power Point: Creating and Saving Presentation
Chapter 2 Entering, Editing and Enhancing Text
Chapter 3 Editing in different views-Outline views, Slide Sorter View

8
Part II Graphics in Presentation

Chapter 4 Creating Graphs

Chapter 5 Editing and Enhancing Graphs
Chapter 6 Adding Clip Arts in slide
Chapter 7 Editing Arts
Chapter 8 Animation charts and Art Objects
Part III Adding Sound

Chapter 9 Adding Sound –WAV and MID file

Chapter 10 Choosing Sound Effects-Transitional, from Other Sources

Chapter 11 Adding Sounds to Animations and Sound Objects

Chapter 12 Recording Sound and Narration

Part IV Using Video Clips

Chapter 13 Adding Movie in Slides

Chapter 14 Playing and Editing Movie

Chapter 15 Making Movie Poster and Icon

Part V Finishing Slides

Chapter 16 Slide Show

Chapter 17 Rehearsing Slide Display Timing

Chapter 18 Rehearsing Slide Display Timing

Chapter 19 Slide Notes and Comments

Part VI Furnishing Presentation

Chapter 20 Editing Text Color, Creating Custom Color

Chapter 21 Background and Schemes

Part VII Working with Multimedia Files

Chapter 22 Linking and Embedding Objects

Chapter 23 Importing and Exporting Presentation

Part VIII Printing Slides and Handouts

Chapter 24 Choosing Page Setup for Presentations

9
 Chapter 25 Adding I Leader and Footers and Numbering Slides

Chapter 26 Printing the Presentation

Technical Communication (ENGLISH)

BIT105SH
Year : I Semester : I
Teaching schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme

Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Assessment Total

Theory Practical Theory Practical

2 2 - 20 - 80 - 100

Objectives: This course intents to develop

- Skills needed for group discussion, meeting conduction and technical talk
- Intensive and extensive reading skills in technical and non-technical reading materials.
- Skills in writing description, official letters and letters of application, proposals and formal
technical reports.

Course in detail:

Unit 1: Oral Communication [12 Hrs]

A. Fundamentals of effective speaking:

Posture, gesture, facial expression, voice, eye contact, space distancing etc.
B. Group discussion on subjects of general and technical interest.
C. Meetings
a. Notice preparation
b. Agenda preparation
c. Minutes preparation
d. Meeting conduction
D. Technical talk
a. Writing complete manuscript for technical talk.
b. Presentation technical talk based on manuscript
c. Preparing note for technical talk
d. Presenting talks based on notes

Unit 2: Reading: Intensive and Extensive [16 Hrs]

A. Intensive Reading
a. How to tackle intensive reading materials.
b. Practicing comprehension on prescribed texts.
c. Note making and summary writing.

10
 d. Practice on contextual grammar.
B. Extensive Reading:
a. How to tackle extensive materials.
b. Practicing extensive reading

Unit 3: Writing [17 Hrs]

A. Fundamentals of effective writing:

Unity , coherence, conciseness , clarity.
B. Description Writing:
Mechanical, electrical or electronic objects, tables, graphs, charts, landscape, technical
process
C. Letters
a. Official letters
i. Standard letter formats.
ii. Writing letters for asking and giving information giving instruction, letters of
request, apology and explanation, complaint and order.
b. Letters of application
i. Standard format
ii. Preparing Bio-data and Resume
iii. Writing letters of application
D. Proposal Writing
a. Format for technical proposals
b. Writing technical proposals
E. Technical Report Writing
a. Format for technical reports
b. Writing technical reports

Prescribed Book:

1. English for Engineers and Technologist

Orient Longman, Anna University, Chennai 1990,(Reading and language focus all and oral and
writing as mentioned in the syllabus)

References:

1. Adhikary Usha, et, al. Communicative Skills in English, Research Training unit,
Department of Science and Humanities, Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus 2002.
2. Anne Eisenberg, effective Technical Communication , Mc Graw Hill, 1982.
3. K.W Houp and T.E Pearsall, Reporting Technical Information. 5th Edition, Macmillan Publishing
Company, New York, 1984.
4. Leech G. Savartivk, J.,A Communicative Grammar of English, ELBS, 1975
5. CollinsCobuild English Dictionary, New Edition, Harper Collins Publishers, 1995
11
 Basic Electrical System and Circuit
BIT120EL
Year : I Semester : I
Teaching schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme

Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Assessment Total

Theory Practical Theory Practical

3 1 2 20 50 80 - 150

Objectives: The main objective of this course is to provide fundamental knowledge about DC. AC and
magnetic circuits.

Course Contents:

1. Introduction to Electric System [6 Hrs]

1.1 Electric circuit and its constituent elements. Electric network.
1.2 Current flow in a circuit
1.3 Electrical sources (ideal and practical sources, voltage and current sources and dependent
and independent sources)
1.4 Passive elements of electrical circuit, general concept of resistance, inductance
and capacitance
1.5 Ohm’s law, laws of resistance, resistivity, conductivity and temperature coefficient of
resistance
1.6 Power and energy in resistance, inductance and capacitance
1.7 Sources transformation
1.8 Resistance color codes and tolerance
2. DC circuit and Network Theorems [16 Hrs]
2.1 series, parallel and mixed circuits involving resistances, equivalent resistance calculation.
2.2 Star-delta and delta-star transformation
2.3 Kirchhoff’s law and its application in network solution-nodal analysis and mesh analysis
2.4 Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorem involving independent sources, dependent sources and
both sources.
2.5 Maximum power transfer theorem.
2.6 Superposition theorem.
2.7 Reciprocity theorem
3. Alternating Quantities [3 Hrs]

12
 3.1 Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction concept of statically and dynamically induced
emf
3.2 Generation of alternating voltage, equation of alternating voltage
3.3 Waveform, terms and definitions
3.4 Average and rms values waveforms, form factor, crest factor
3.5 Phasor diagram
4. AC Circuit Analysis [16 Hrs]
4.1 AC in purely resistive, inductive and capacitive circuits
4.2 Concept of complex impedance and complex admittance
4.3 Single phase series circuits: Impedance, admittance, power, power factor, Q factor and
power triangle of RL, RC, and RLC series circuit, Resonance in series RLC circuits
4.4 Single phase parallel circuits: Admittance method: Phasor diagram, Power, Power factor and
power triangle; Resonance in parallel circuits
4.5 Power factor improvement
4.6 Three phase AC circuits: Basic concept and advantages, Line and Phase relation for Star and
Delta connection, Power relations, Analysis of balanced 3 phase circuits.
5. Magnetic Circuits [4 Hrs]
5.1 Ampere’s circuital law and its application
5.2 Ohm’s law for magnetic circuits
5.3 Series and parallel magnetic circuits
5.4 Electromagnet
5.5 Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis and eddy current
5.6 Core loss in ferromagnetic materials

Laboratory works:

1. Introduction to sources, breadboard, resistance color code, multimeter and oscilloscope.

2. Measurement of voltage, current and power in DC circuit, Verification of ohm’s law
3. Verification of series and parallel combination of resistance.
4. Verification of Kirchhoff’s laws.
5. Verification of Superposition theorem.
6. Verification of Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorem.
7. Verification of reciprocity theorem.
8. Measurement of amplitude, frequency nad time with oscilloscope.
9. Measurement of voltage, current and power in single phase ac circuit, Verification of
impedance of the circuit.
10. Electric circuit simulation study, simulation of circuits using workbench or p-spice or MATLAB
or other software.

Reference books:-

1. B.L Theraja, A.K. Theraja- “A text book of electrical technology vol. I”, [Link]& Company,
New Delhi

13
2. Vincent Del Toro- “ Electrical Engineering Fundamentals”, PHI
3. Hughes- “Electrical Technology”, Pearson Education Asia

14
 Principles of Management
BIT115 MS
Year : I Semester : I
Teaching schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme

Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Assessment Total

Theory Practical Theory Practical

3 1 - 20 - 80 100

Objectives: This course aims at familiarizing the students with the various aspects of management
and helps them understand major aspects to be performed by managers.

Course Contents:

1. Introduction [4 Hrs]
1.1 Meaning/ Concept of Management
1.2 Elements of Management
1.3 Levels of Management
1.4 Significance Management
1.4.1 General Significance
1.4.2 Special Significance to BIT students
2. Approaches to Management [5 Hrs]
2.1 Rule of thumb Approach
2.2 Mechanistic Approach
2.3 Behavioral Approach
2.4 System Approach
2.5 Contingency Approach
3. Function of Management
3.1 Managerial Planning [4 Hrs]
3.1.1 Meaning and Significance
3.1.2 Types of Plans
3.1.3 Steps in Plans
3.1.4 Factors Affecting Process
3.2 Organizing [5 Hrs]
3.2.1 Meaning/ Concept of Organization
3.2.2 Basis of Organization
3.2.3 Organization design, line/ staff; pyramidical/ hierarchical; flat and matrix
3.2.4 Principles of organization, span of control; Hierarchy, unit of command;
centralization decentralization of authority
3.3 Staffing/ Human Resource Management [5 Hrs]
3.3.1 Importance/ significance of H.R.M
3.3.2 Procurement function
15
 3.3.3 Maintenance function
3.3.4 Development function
3.3.5 Motivation function
3.4 Directing and Controlling [2 Hrs]
3.4.1 Meaning and significance of directing functions
3.4.2 Management as control system
3.5 Coordinating [2 Hrs]
3.5.1 Meaning and significance of coordination
3.5.2 Techniques of coordination
3.6 Reporting [2 Hrs]
3.6.1 Meaning and significance of Reporting
3.6.2 Methods of reporting
3.7 Decision Making and Monitoring [5 Hrs]
3.7.1 Meaning of decision making
3.7.2 Relational decision making
3.7.3 Incremental decision making
3.7.4 Mixed scanning decision making
3.7.5 Meaning and significance of monitoring
3.8 Communication [3 Hrs]
3.8.1 Concept/ significance of management communication
3.8.2 Types of communication: horizontal and vertical: one way and Two ways
3.8.3 Barriers to effective communication
3.9 Leadership [3 hrs]
3.9.1 Meaning and significance of leadership
3.9.2 Theories of leadership
4. Managerial Technique [5 hrs]
4.1 Job Analysis
4.2 Job Evaluation
4.3 Job Description
4.4 SWOT Analysis
4.5 Quality Circle
4.6 Total Quality Management
4.7 Kaizen (Continuous performance improvement)

Basic Text Books:

1. Koontz, H. and Wehrich, Essential of Management, New Delhi; Tata MCGrwhill publishing
Community, Ltd, 2000
2. Stephen P. Robbins and coulter, Mary, Management, New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India Ltd
2000
3. Agrawal, Dr. G.R Organization and Management in Nepal, Kathmandu, M.K. Publishers and
Distributors, 2000

16
Reference Books
1. Stoner, J.A., Freeman, R.E. and Gilbert, D.R Management, New Delhi Prentice Hall of India Ltd,
1996
2. Stephen P. Robbins and David A. Cenzo, Fundaments of Management, Prentices Hall INC.,
New Jersey, 1995

17
 Computer Programming - I
BIT75 CO
Year : I Semester : I
Teaching schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme

Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Assessment Total

Theory Practical Theory Practical

3 1 2 20 50 80 150

Objectives: To provide the concept of programming methodology using C.

Course Contents:

1. Problem Solving with computer (3 Hrs)

1.1 Problem Analysis, Algorithms and Flowchart
1.2 Coding, Complication and Execution
1.3 History of C
1.4 Structure of C program
1.5 Debugging, Testing and Documentation
2. Elements of C (4 Hrs)
2.1 C Tokens
2.2 Escape sequence
2.3 Delimiters
2.4 Variables
2.5 Data types
2.6 Constants/ Literals
2.7 Expressions
2.8 Statement and Comments
3. Input and Output (2 Hrs)
3.1 Conversation Specification
3.2 I/O operation
3.3 Formatted I/O
4. Operators and Expression (4 Hrs)
4.1 Arithmetic operator
4.2 Relational operator
4.3 Logical and Boolean operator
4.4 Assignment operator
4.5 Ternary operator
4.6 Bitwise operator
4.7 Increment and Decrement operator
4.8 Comma operator
5. Control statements (4 Hrs)

18
 5.1 Branching
5.2 Looping
5.3 Conditional Statement
5.4 Exit function
5.5 Difference between break and exit
6. Arrays (6 Hrs)
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Declaration of array
6.3 Initialization of arrays
6.4 Sorting
6.5 Multidimensional array
7. Functions (5 Hrs)
7.1 Library function
7.2 User-defined function
7.3 Recursion
7.4 Function declaration
7.5 Local and global variables
7.6 User of array in function
7.7 Passing by value, Passing by address
8. Pointers (6 Hrs)
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The & and * operator
8.3 Declaration of pointer
8.4 Pointer to pointer
8.5 Pointer arithmetic
8.6 Array and pointer
8.7 Pointer and array
8.8 Pointer with multidimensional array
8.9 Pointer nad strings
8.10 Array of pointer with string
8.11 Dynamic memory allocation
9. Structure and Union (5 Hrs)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Array of structure
9.3 Passing structure to function
9.4 Passing structure to function
9.5 Structure within structure (Nested structure)
9.6 Union
9.7 Pointer to structure
10. Files and file handling in C (4 Hrs)
10.1 Concept of file
10.2 Opening and closing of file
19
 10.3 Modes
10.4 Input/output function
10.5 Random access in file
10.6 Printing a file
11. Introduction to Graphics (2 Hrs)
11.1 Modes
11.2 Initialization
11.3 Graphics Function

Laboratory:

Laboratory exercises are necessary to be done in different chapters. At the end od each chapter,
laboratory reports are required to be submitted to teacher for evaluation.

Reference:

1. Deitel C: How to program, 2/e(with CD), Pearson Education.

2. AI Kelley, Ira Pogl, “A book on C”, Pcarson Education.
3. Brian [Link]& Dennis M. Ritchie, “The C Programming Language”, PH.
4. Bryons S. Gottfried, “ Programming with C, TMH.
5. Stephen G. Kochan, “Programming in C”, CBS publishers & distributors.
6. YashvantKanetker “Let Us C”, BPB Publication.
7. E. Balagurusamy “Programming in ANSI C”, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publshing.

20
 Project - I
BIT178 CO
Year : I Semester : I
Teaching schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme

Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Assessment Total

40 60

3 1 2 100

ssObjectives: To design and complete the software by using high-level language (C-Programming).
On the completion of the project, student will be able to develop small sacle of software in C
programming.

Course Contents:

A total 45 hours covering features of C programming techniques will be assigned to the

students. Topic must be identified and instructed to each group, and at least students must prepare
and submit written reports and give the oral presentation.

General Procedure:

1. Information Gathering
2. System requirements specifications
3. Algorithms and Flowcharts
4. Coding Techniques
5. Result
6. Documentation

The Project document shall include the following:

1. Technical description of Project

2. System aspect of the project
3. Implementation of project
4. Project tasks and time schedule
5. Project team members
6. Project Supervisor

21
 Purbanchal University
Bachelor in Information Technology (BIT)

Year: I Semester: II
S.N Course Course description Credits Lecture Tutorial Practical Total
Code (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs)
1 BIT102SH Mathematics - II 3 3 2 - 5
2 BIT130EC Electronics Devices & 3 3 1 2 6
Circuits
3 BIT173CO Digital Logic 3 3 1 2 6
4 BIT176CO Object Oriented 3 3 1 2 6
Programming in C++
5 BIT179CO Project – II 2 - - 4 4
6 BIT191MS Financial management & 3 3 1 1 5
Accounting
Total 17 15 6 11 32

Mathematics - II
BIT303SH
Year I Semester: II
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 2 - Theory Practical Theory Practical 100
20 - 80 -

Course Objective
The aim of this course is to expose students to theory of complex variables, differential equations,
Laplace transform and Fourier series and integrals applied to signal processing.

Course contents
1. Differential equation of the first order [8 Hrs]

22
 1.1 Variable separable
1.2 Exact differential equations
1.3 Homogeneous equations
1.4 Linear differential equation
1.5 Simultaneous differential equations
1.6 Equations of higher degree
1.7 Some applications

2. Linear differential equations [5 Hrs]

2.1 Homogeneous equation of second order
2.2 Methods of determining particular integrals and application
2.3 Vibrations of a particle (SHM)

3. Laplace transforms [6 Hrs]

3.1 Definition
3.2 Laplace transform of some elementary functions
3.3 Properties of Laplace transforms
3.4 Transforms of derivatives
3.5 Definition of inverse Laplace transforms
3.6 Properties of inverse transform
3.7 Use of partial fractions
3.8 Use of Laplace transforms in solving ordinary differential equations

4. Fourier series and integrals [9 Hrs]

4.1 Definitions and derivatives
4.2 Odd and even functions
4.3 Half range series
4.4 Change of scale
4.5 The Fourier integral and Fourier transforms

5. Partial differential equations [8 Hrs]

5.1 Basic concepts
5.2 Formation of P. D. equations
5.3 Solution of P. D. equations (simple cases)
5.4 The wave equation, Poisson’s equation, Own dimensional heat flow & Laplace equation

6. Functions of a complex variable [6 Hrs]

6.1 Basic definitions
6.2 Functions of a complex variable
23
 6.3 Limit, continuity and differentiation
6.4 Cauchy Riemann equations
6.5 Analytic functions
6.6 Harmonic functions
6.7 Complex exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic function

7. Complex series, residues and poles [3 Hrs]

7.1 Taylor’s theorem
7.2 Laurent’s series
7.3 Zeros, singularities and poles
7.4 Residues

Reference books
 “Engineering Mathematics”, Vol. II, S. S. Sastry, Prentice Hall of India
 Praleigh J. B., “Calculus with Analytical Geometry”, Addison Wesley Pub, Co, Inc (1980)
 Bajpai A. C., Calus I. M. & Fairley J. A. “Mathematics for Engineers & Scientists”, Vol-I. John Wiley
& Son 91973)
 Goldstain I. J., Lay D. C. &Schinder D. I., “Calculus and its Applications”, Prentice Hall Inc. (1977)
 Spiegel M. R., “Theory & Problems of Advanced Calculus”, Scham Publishing Co.
 Srivastava R. S. L, “Engineering Mathematics”, [Link], Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. (1980)
 Potter & Goldberg, “Mathematical Methods”, Prentice Hall of India

Electronic Devices & Circuits

BIT130EC
Year I Semester: II
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical
20 50 80 - 150

Course Objective
The main objectives of this course are to understand working principles and basics of semiconductor
devices, the method for analysis of semiconductor devices and introduction to IC and operational
amplifier.

Course contents
1. Two port network [4 Hrs]
Tow port circuit and circuit parameters
24
 Forward and reverse transfer functions
Voltage and current controlled sources
Gain (current and voltage gains), input and output resistances calculation of two port network

2. Semiconductor diode [10 Hrs]

Semiconductor materials – elemental and compound
p-n junction diode – biasing of p-n junction diode (no bias, forward bias, reverse bias)
The V-I characteristics
Zener diode and its characteristics
Zener and avalanche breakdowns
Applications of diode as half wave rectifier and full wave rectifier
Clipping and claming circuits

3. Bi-polar junction transistor (BJT) [5 Hrs]

Construction of a BJT
CB, CE and CC configurations
Input and output characteristics
α's, β’s and their relationships

4. BJT biasing [6 Hrs]

Introduction, need, types of biasing
Designing BJT as an amplifier in CE configuration with voltage divider bias

5. The junction field effect transistor (JFET) [4 Hrs]

Construction and types
The pinch-off voltage and its importance
Biasing and load line
V-I characteristics
Configuration of JFET

6. The metal oxide semiconductors FET [3 Hrs]

Construction and types
Load line and biasing
V-I characteristics

7. Feedback and oscillator circuits [6 Hrs]

Feedback concepts, practical feedback circuits
Feedback amplifier – phase and frequency consideration
Oscillator principle
25
 Wein-bridge oscillator
Crystal oscillator circuits

8. Operational amplifier [7 Hrs]

Introduction
Properties of an ideal OPAMP
Applications of OPAMP: Adder, Sub-tractor, Comparator, Inverter, Integrator, Differentiator
Laboratory
 Familiarization with electronics components
 Characteristics of diode, zener diode
 Input and output characteristics of CB, CE and CC configurations
 Input and output characteristics of JFET
 Input and output characteristics of nMOS
 Input and output characteristics of CMOS
 Inverting and non-inverting OPAMP
 Integrator and differentiator design using OPAMP
 Design of comparator using OPAMP

Reference books
 R. Boylested& L. Nashelesky, “Electronics Devices & Circuit Theory”, 4th edition, Prentice Hall of
India
 A. S. Sedra& K. C. Smith, “Microelectronic Circuits, 6th edition, Oxford University Press
 Theoderre S. Bogart, “Electronic Device & Circuits”
 Milliman &Halkais, “Electronic Device & Circuit”, McGraw Hill
Object Oriented Programming in C++
BIT176CO
Year I Semester: II
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
Theory Practical Theory Practical
3 1 2 20 50 80 - 150

Course Objective
The objective of this course is to introduce students to the programming methodology using the C++
language. This module should be associated with laboratory experiments to augment the concepts
taught in the class.
Course contents
1. Introduction to object oriented programming [2 Hrs]
1.1 Procedural language vs OOP

26
 1.2 Characteristics of object-oriented languages
1.2.1 Objects
1.2.2 Classes
1.2.3 Inheritance
1.2.4 Reusability
1.2.5 Polymorphism & overloading
1.3 Applications of OOP

2. C++ programming concept [3 hrs]

2.1 Introduction to programming in C++
2.2 Extraction operator (>>)
2.3 Insertion operator (<<)
2.4 Type conversion: automatic conversion, cast
2.5 Arrays and pointers in C++
2.6 New and delete operators
2.7 Manipulators
2.8 Const
2.9 Enumeration

3. Functions used in C++ [4 Hrs]

3.1 Introduction to functions
3.2 Passing arguments to functions
3.3 Returning values from functions
3.4 Reference arguments
3.5 Returning by reference
3.6 Functions overloading: different number of arguments, different kinds of arguments
3.7 Default arguments
3.8 Inline functions

4. Classes and objects [6 Hrs]

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Access specifier (public, private and protected)
4.3 Accessing class members
4.4 Defining member functions
4.4.1 Member function inside the class body
4.4.2 Member function outside the class body
4.5 “this” pointer
4.6 Constructor & destructor
4.6.1 Types of constructor
27
 [Link] Default constructor
[Link] Parameterized constructor
[Link] Copy constructor
4.6.2 Overloaded constructors
4.7 Static data member
4.8 Static member functions
4.9 Passing objects as arguments
4.10 Friend functions & friend classes

5. Operator overloading [6 Hrs]

5.1 Introduction to operator overloading
5.2 General rules for overloading operator
5.3 Operator overloading restrictions
5.4 Overloading unary and binary operators
5.5 Operator overloading using friend functions
5.6 Data conversion
5.6.1 Conversion between basic types and object
5.6.2 Conversion between object and basic types
5.6.3 Conversion between objects of different classes

6. Inheritance [6 Hrs]
6.1 Introduction & benefits of inheritance
6.2 Types of inheritance
6.3 Inheritance: base classes & derived classes
6.4 Using constructors and destructors in derived classes
6.5 Abstract base class
6.6 Public, private and protected inheritance
6.7 Ambiguity in multiple inheritance
6.8 Containership

7. Virtual functions and polymorphism [5 Hrs]

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Early vs late binding
7.3 Virtual functions
7.4 Pure virtual functions and abstract classes
7.5 Virtual base classes

8. File handling [6 Hrs]

8.1 Introduction
28
 8.2 Opening and closing file
8.2.1 Opening file using constructor
8.2.2 Opening file using open () and open() file modes
8.3 Basic functions of seekg(), seekp(), tellg(), tellp()
8.4 Sequential input/output operations
8.4.1 put() and get() functions
8.4.2 write() and read () functions
8.5 Reading and writing a class objects

9. Templates [3 Hrs]
9.1 Introduction to templates
9.2 Function templates
9.3 Class templates

10. Namespaces [2 Hrs]

10.1 Using namespace
10.1.1 Using the scope resolution operator
10.1.2 Through “using” keyword

11. Exception handling [2 Hrs]

11.1 Introduction to exceptions
11.2 Exception handling model
11.3 Exception handling construct: try, catch, throw

Reference books
 Robert Lafore, “Object-Oriented Programming in C++, Galgotia, Publication, India
 E. Dalagurusamy, “Object Oriented Programming with C++, McGraw Hill 4/e
 Deitel&Deitel, “C++ How to Program”, 3/e Prentice Hall
 YashavantKanetkar, “Let Us C++”, BPB Publication, New Delhi

29
 Financial Management and Accounting

BIT191MS
Year I Semester: II
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
Theory Practical Theory Practical
3 1 1 20 50 80 - 150

Course Objective
The basic objective of this course is to familiarize the students with the fundamentals of financial
management and accounting so as to enable them to understand the financial decision making process
and the need and use of accounting information in the process, and to develop an understanding of
the financial and accounting aspects of information technology.

Course contents
1. Nature of financial management [3 Hrs]
Meaning and importance objectives-profit vs wealth maximization, functions, financial
management in new millennium-globalization of business and information technology

2. Time value of money [3 Hrs]

Concept, present values and future values

3. Capital budgeting [4 Hrs]

Importance, generating ideas for capital projects, projects classifications, capital budgeting
decision rules-payback period, NPV and IRR, comparison of NPV and IRR

4. Working capital [5 Hrs]

Concept of working capital, cash management, receivables management inventory management,
financing working capital

5. Capital structure [4 Hrs]

Meaning of capital structure, optimum capital structure, business and financial risks, determining
optimum structure, factors affecting capital structure policies

6. Dividends [4 hrs]
Dividends and retained earnings, optimum dividend policy, factor affecting dividend policies, types
of dividend policy, other forms of dividend stock dividends-stock dividends, stock splits, stock
repurchase
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7. Nature of accounting [4 Hrs]
Meaning, importance, basic accounting concepts, principles and standards: double entry system of
accounting, rules of double-entry-equation rule and types of account rule

8. Accounting process [5 Hrs]

Journalizing and subdivision of journal, ledger posting, preparation of trial balance

9. Financial statement [5 Hrs]

Meaning types- income statement, B/S, preparation of financial statements

10. Financial analysis [4 Hrs]

Meaning, types, ratio analysis, uses and limitation of ratio analysis

11. Cash flow statement – direct method [4 Hrs]

Laboratory
Emphasis should be on using accounting package (e.g. Tally, Facts etc) to prepare final accounts of any
organization.

Reference books
 Eugene F. Brigham & Joel F. Houston, “Fundamentals of Financial Management”, Harcourt Asia
Pte, Singapore, Indian Edition, 2001.
 T. S. Gerewal, “Introduction to Accounting”, S. Chand & Co, New Delhi.
 Lawrence J Gitman, “Principles of Managerial Finance”, Addison Wesley Longman (Singapore) Pvt.
Ltd, Indian Reprint, 2001.
 Surendra Pradhan, “Basics of Financial Management”, Educational Enterprises, Kathmandu

31
 Digital Logic
BIT173CO
Year I Semester: II
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Course Objective
To provide the concepts used in the design and analysis of digital systems and introduces the principles
of digital computer organization and design.

Course contents
1. Number systems [5 hrs]
Introduction
Comparison between analog and digital system
Number system and conversion, signed and unsigned numbers, fraction conversion
Binary coded decimal, gray code, alphanumeric code and error codes

2. Boolean algebra and logic gates [6 Hrs]

Introduction to Boolean algebra
Basic theory and properties of Boolean algebra
Boolean functions
Logical operations
Logic function and gates
IC digital logic families

3. Simplification of Boolean functions [6 hrs]

K-Map
Two and three variable maps
Four variable maps
Product of sums, sum of product simplification
NAND and NOR implementation

4. Combinational logic [8 Hrs]

Design procedure
Adders
Substractors
Code conversion
32
 Analysis procedure
Multilevel NAND circuits
Multilevel NOR circuits

5. Combinational logic with MSI and LSI [8 Hrs]

Binary parallel adder
Decimal adder
Magnitude comparator
Decoders
Multiplexers
Read only memory
Programmable logic array (PLA)

6. Sequential logic [6 Hrs]

Difference between sequential and combinational circuit
Concept of memory, flip-flop as 1-bit register
RS, JK, T, D and master slave flip flops
Design procedure
Design with state equation and state reduction table

Laboratory
 Familiarization with logic gates
 De Morgan’s law
 Multiplexer and de-multiplexer
 Encoder and decoder
 Half adder and half subtractor
 Full adder and full subtractor
 RS, JK, TD and master slave flip flops
 Shift registers
 Ripple counters and synchronous counters
 Simulation using suitable software
Reference book
 Floyd T. L & Jain R. P, “Digital Fundamentals”, 8th edition
 Morris Mano, “Logic & Computer Design Fundamentals”, Pearson education
 William I, Fletcher, “An Engineering Approach to Digital Design”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,
1990
 A.P. Malvino& Jerald A. Brown, “Digital Computer Electronics”, 1995
 D. D. Hodegs& H.G. Jackson, “Analysis & Design of Digital Integrated Circuits”, McGraw Hill, New
York, 1983

33
 Project - II
BIT179CO
Year I Semester: II
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
- - 4 Theory Practical Theory Practical 100
- 60 - 40

Course Objective
To design and complete the software project in an object oriented language. On the completion of the
project, student will be able to develop small scale software in C++ programming language.

Course contents
There should be a total of 60 hours covering important features of object oriented programming. A
software development project will be assigned to students in a group (up to 4). A relevant topic shall
be identified and instructed to each group. Students must develop the assigned software, submit
written report and give oral presentation.

General procedure
 Topic selection
 Information gathering
 System requirements and specifications
 Algorithms and flowcharts
 Coding
 Implementation
 Documentation

The project document shall include the following:

 Technical description of the project
 System aspect of the project
 Project tasks and time schedule
 Project team members
 Project supervisor
 Implementation of the project

34
 Purbanchal University
Bachelor in Information Technology (BIT)

Year: II Semester: III

S.N Course Course description Credits Lecture Tutorial Practical Total
Code (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs)
1 BIT270CO System Analysis & 3 3 1 - 4
Design
2 BIT272CO Microprocessor & 3 3 1 2 6
Assembly Language
3 BIT273CO Data Structure & 3 3 1 2 6
Algorithm
4 BIT275CO User Interface Design 3 3 1 2 6
5 BIT278CO Project-III 2 - -1 4 4
6 BIT280CO Numerical Methods 3 3 1 2 6
Total 17 15 5 13 32

35
 System Analysis & Design
BIT270CO
Year: II Semester: III
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
Theory Practical Theory Practical
3 1 - 20 - 80 - 100

Course Objective
This course helps to launch the careers of successful system analysts or of users assuming an active
role in building systems that satisfy their organizations’ information needs. The course also provides a
solid foundation of systems.

Course contents
1. Overview of system analysis and design [6 Hrs]
1.1 Introduction to system analysis and design
1.2 Information systems and its types
1.3 Stakeholders of information systems
1.4 Systems development life cycle and life cycle models (waterfall, spiral, prototype)
1.5 Introduction to CASE tools

2. Process and conceptual modeling [8 Hrs]

2.1 Introduction to data flow diagram (DFD)
2.2 Concepts used in drawings DFDs
2.3 DFD design (up to level 2)
2.4 Conceptual modeling
2.5 Entity relationship diagrams

3. Logic modeling [3 Hrs]

3.1 Decision table
3.2 Decision tree
3.3 Structured English
3.4 Data dictionary

4. Systems analysis [8 Hrs]

4.1 System planning and initial investigation
4.2 Project scheduling

36
 4.3 Requirement analysis
4.4 Types of requirements
4.5 Requirement gathering methods
4.6 Feasibility study and its types
4.7 Steps of feasibility study
4.8 Cost/benefits analysis (payback method, NPV method)

5. Systems design [8 Hrs]

5.1 Introduction to system design
5.2 The process and stages of system design
5.3 Logical and physical design
5.4 Introduction to structured design (modular system design, functional strength, structure chart,
cohesion, coupling)
5.5 Database design and overview of file organization
5.6 Input/output and forms design

6. System implementation [6 Hrs]

6.1 Introduction to system implementation
6.2 System installation and its types
6.3 System quality, software quality assurance (formal technical review, walkthrough, inspections)
6.4 System maintenance, types of maintenance and process of system maintenance
6.5 Introduction to system testing

7. Object-oriented analysis and design [6 Hrs]

7.1 Object-oriented development life cycle
7.2 The unified modeling language
7.3 Use-case modeling
7.4 Object modeling: class diagrams
7.5 Dynamic modeling: state diagrams
7.6 Dynamic modeling: sequence diagrams

Reference books
 Jeffery A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valacich, “Modern System Analysis & Design”, Pearson
Education, 2nd edition
 “Introduction to System Analysis & Design”, Igor Hawrysjkiewycz, PHI, 4th edition
 Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, “System Analysis & Design”.
 Jeffrey L. Whitten, Loonnie D. Bentley, “System Analysis & Design Methods”, 5th edition
 Grady Booch, “Object Oriented Analysis & Design with Application”, Pearson eduction
Microprocessor & Assembly Language
37
 BIT272CO
Year: II Semester: III
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Course Objective
To be familiar with the operation, programming and application of 8 and 16 bits microprocessor.

Course contents
1. Introduction [5 Hrs]
1.1 History of microprocessor
1.2 Calculator and stored program computer
1.3 Von Neumann and Harvard architecture
1.4 Simple stored program computer architecture
1.5 Applications of microprocessor

2. Intel 8085 microprocessor [10 Hrs]

2.1 Pin diagram and pin functions
2.2 Internal architecture
2.3 Addressing modes
2.4 Instruction set with classification
2.5 Instruction format and programming
2.6 Fetch and execution cycle
2.7 Fetch execution overlap
2.8 Timing diagram

3. Bus structure and memory devices [4 Hrs]

3.1 Bus structure, synchronous and asynchronous data bus, address bus, bus timing
3.2 Memory devices
3.3 Static and dynamic RAM, ROM
3.4 Address decoding, memory interface (8, 16, 32, 64 bits)

4. Input/output interfaces [6 Hrs]

4.1 Serial communication
4.1.1 Asynchronous and synchronous interface
4.1.2 8251 programmable communication interface (block diagram and modes only)

38
 4.2 Parallel communication
4.2.1 8255 Programmable peripheral interface (block diagram and modes only)
4.3 RS-232 and IEEE 488-1978 general purpose interface standard
4.4 Keyboard and display controller (block diagram only)

5. Interrupt (8 and 16 bits) [5 Hrs]

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Basic interrupt processing
5.3 Types of interrupts
5.4 Interrupt service routing requirements
5.5 Interrupt priority

6. DMA [3 Hrs]
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Basic DMA operation
6.3 8237 DMA controller (block diagram and modes only)

7. 8086 instruction description and assembler directives [10 Hrs]

7.1 Pin diagram and pin function
7.2 Internal architecture
7.3 Addressing modes
7.4 Assembler instruction format: opcodes, mnemonics and operands
7.5 Assembler operations: sample assembly language program and code generation, one-pass and
two-pass assembly, assembler directives
7.6 Instruction set with classification and programming

8. Introduction to higher series of Intel processors, A comparative study [2 Hrs]

Laboratory
There shall be following laboratory exercises using the microprocessor trainer-kit and assembler.
 Familiarization with 8085 and 8086 microprocessor trainer-kit and their simulators
 Data transfer, arithmetic and logical instructions
 Subroutines and branching instructions
 Stack operation
 Timers and delay
 Code conversion

39
Reference books
 Ramesh S. Gaonkar, “Microprocessor – Architecture, Programming & Applications with 8085”,
Penram Intl. publisher, 5th edition, 2006.
 Ghose P. K., Sridhar P. R. “0000 to 8085: Introduction to Microprocessor for Engineers &Scienists”,
2nd edition, PHI
 Barry B. Berry, “The Intel Microprocessor 8086, 8088, 80186, 80286, 80386 & 80486 (Architecture,
Programming & Interface)”, PHI
 Lance, A. Leventhal, “Introduction to Microprocessors: Software, Hardware & Programming”,
Eastern Economy Edition. PHI
 Yu Cheng Liu & Glenn A. Gibson, “Microprocessor Systems: The 8086/8088 Family”, PHI
 Douglas V. Hall, “Microprocessors & Interfacing”, PHI

Chapter wise marks distribution for questions:

Unit Group A: Long Type Group B: Short Type
(Attempt any 2 out of 3) (Attempt any 7 out of 8-9)
1 - 1
2 1 2
3 - 1
4 1 1
5 1 1
6 - 1
7 1 2
8 - 1
2 × 12 = 24 7 × 8 = 56

40
 Data Structure & Algorithm
BIT273CO
Year: II Semester: III
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Course Objective
To provide fundamental knowledge of data structure, various algorithms used and their
implementations.

Course contents
1. Introduction [2 Hrs]
1.1 Data and data types
1.2 Data structure and its operations and importance
1.3 ADT and its applications and importance
1.4 ADT vs DS

2. Algorithmic efficiency and its complexity [2 Hrs]

2.1 Time and space analysis
2.2 Asymptotic notations – big O, big sigma, theta, omega

3. Stack [4 Hrs]
3.1 Definition
3.2 Primitive operations with examples representing stack in C
3.3 Stack implementation (PUSH/POP) operations
3.4 Stack as an ADT
3.5 Prefix, infix and postfix expressions
3.5.1 Definitions
3.5.2 Algorithms for evaluation of infix and postfix expression
3.5.3 Converting an expression from infix to postfix and vice versa

4. Queue [3 Hrs]
4.1 Definition
4.2 Primitive operations with examples representing queue in C
4.3 Queue implementation (Enqueue/Dequeue) operations
4.4 Queue as an ADT

41
 4.5 Types of queue (linear, circular, priority queue and its types)

5. List and linked list [6 Hrs]

5.1 Introduction to list and linked list
5.2 Advantages of list over stack and queue
5.3 Types of lists (static and dynamic)
5.4 List and list operations
5.5 Array implementation of list
5.6 Linked list as an ADT
5.7 Linked list and its types
5.7.1 Linear linked list – singly linear and doubly linear
5.7.2 Circular linked list – singly circular and doubly circular
5.8 Linked list operations (insertion/deletion from the front node, from the last node, before a
given node, after a given node)
5.9 Linked stack and linked queue
5.10 Doubly linked list and its advantages

6. Recursion [4 Hrs]
6.1 Definition and recursive functions
6.2 Recursion vs iteration with advantages and disadvantages
6.3 Application of recursion – factorial calculation, Fibonacci series, TOH, natural numbers
multiplication with algorithms and examples
6.4 Efficiency of recursion

7. Trees [6 Hrs]
7.1 Concepts and definitions
7.2 Binary tree and its applications
7.3 Basic operations in binary tree – insertion/deletion, traversing
7.4 Binary tree traversals – pre-order, post-order and in-order
7.5 Height, depth and level of binary tree
7.6 Balanced trees and balancing algorithms (AVL balanced tree, Huffman coding)

8. Sorting [5 Hrs]
8.1 Definition and types of sorting (internal and external sort, insertion and selection sort,
exchange/bubble sort, quick sort, merge sort, radix sort, shell sort, heap and heap sort)
8.2 Efficiency of sorting

9. Searching and hashing [6 Hrs]

9.1 Definition of search and concepts of keys, essentials of searching
42
 9.2 Types of searching – sequential search, binary search, binary tree search
9.3 General search tree
9.4 Definition of hashing
9.5 Hash functions and hash table
9.6 Collision resolution technique
9.7 Efficiency comparisons of different search techniques

10. Graphs [7 hrs]

10.1 Definition and representation of graphs
10.2 Application of graphs
10.3 Graphs as an ADT
10.4 Adjacency matrix implementation, transitive closure, Warshall’s algorithm
10.5 Types of graphs
10.6 Graph traversal – depth first search (DFS), breadth first search (BFS)
10.7 Spanning tree and spanning forest
10.8 Kruskal’s algorithm, Round-Robin algorithm, Greedy algorithm, Dijkstra’s algorithm

Laboratory
There shall be following lab exercises based on C or C++.
 Implementation of stack
 Implementation of linear and circular queues
 Solution of TOH and Fibonacci Recursion
 Implementation of linked list: singly and doubly linear and circular linked list
 Implementation of trees: AVL trees, balancing of AVL
 Implementation of merge sort
 Implementation of search: sequential, tree and binary
 Implementation of graphs: graph traversals
 Implementation of hashing
 Implementation of heap

Reference books
 “Data Structure using C & C++”, Aarton M. Tenenbaum, Y. Langsam, M. J. Augenstein, PHI.
 “Fundamental of Computer Algorithms”, H. Sahani
 “Data Structure of Program Design in C”, Robert L. Kruse, B. P. Leung, C. L. TOndo, PHI
 “The Art of Programming, Sorting & Searching”, Donald E. Knuti-I.
 “Data Structure & Application”, Trebly & Sorenson
 “Introduction to Data Structure & Algorithms with C & C++”, G. W. Rowe, PHI
 “Fundamentals of Algorithms”, G. Brassand& P. Bratley, PHI
43
 User Interface Design
BIT275CO
Year: II Semester: III
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Course Objective
To provide the design knowledge of use interface and its environment.

Course contents
1. The goal [8 Hrs]
1.1 Goal directed design
1.1.1 User’s goals
1.1.2 Features of user interface design
1.2 Software design
1.2.1 Introduction
1.2.2 Software design vs interface design
1.3 Models of interface design
1.3.1 Conceptual model
1.3.2 Implementation model
1.3.3 Manifest model
1.3.4 Modeling from user’s point of view
1.4 Visual interface design
1.4.1 Visual patterns
1.4.2 The canonical vocabulary

2. The form [8 hrs]

2.1 Interface paradigms
2.1.1 Metaphor
2.1.2 Idioms and branding
2.1.3 Affordances
2.2 Child forms
2.2.1 Usage of window space
2.2.2 Windows pollution
2.3 File system
2.3.1 Introduction

44
 2.3.2 Unified file model
2.3.3 Document management
2.3.4 Storage and retrieval
2.4 Platform independence
2.4.1 Development platform
2.4.2 Multi-platform development
2.4.3 Inter-operability

3. Software behavior [6 Hrs]

3.1 Flow
3.1.1 Sensible interaction
3.1.2 Flow of states
3.1.3 Notion of MDI states
3.2 Overhead
3.2.1 Revenue tasks and excise tasks
3.2.2 Eliminating excise tasks
3.3 Task coherence
3.3.1 Decision-set streamline
3.3.2 Preference threshold

4. User-computer interaction [8 Hrs]

4.1 Mouse
4.1.1 Indirect manipulation
4.1.2 Mouse events
4.1.3 Focus and cursor hinting
4.2 Selection
4.2.1 Indicating selection
4.2.2 Insertion and replacement
4.2.3 Additive selection
4.2.4 Group selection
4.3 Gizmos manipulation
4.3.1 Repositioning
4.3.2 Resizing and reshaping
4.3.3 Visual feedback of manipulation
4.4 Drag and drop
4.4.1 Source and target
4.4.2 Problems and solutions
4.4.3 Drag and drop mechanisms

45
5. The cast [8 Hrs]
5.1 Menu design issues
5.1.1 Hierarchy of menus
5.1.2 Drop down menus
5.1.3 Pop up menus
5.2 Menus and its types
5.2.1 Standard menus
5.2.2 Optimal menus
5.2.3 System menu
5.2.4 Menu item variation
5.3 Dialog boxes
5.3.1 Dialog box basics
5.3.2 Suspension of interaction
5.3.3 Modal and modeless dialog boxes
5.3.4 Problems in modeless dialog boxes
5.3.5 Different types of dialog boxes
5.4 Dialog box conventions
5.4.1 Caption bar
5.4.2 Attributes
5.4.3 Terminating dialog box
5.4.4 Expanding dialog box
5.4.5 Cascading dialog box
5.5 Toolbars
5.5.1 Advantages over menus
5.5.2 Monetary button and latching button
5.5.3 Customizing toolbars

6. The Gizmos [7 Hrs]

6.1 Essential and selection Gizmos
6.1.1 Essential gizmos
6.1.2 Selection gizmos
6.1.3 Combo box
6.1.4 Tree view gizmo
6.2 Entry and display Gizmos
6.2.1 Entry gizmos
6.2.2 Bounded and unbounded fields
6.2.3 Validation
6.2.4 Edit fields
6.2.5 Display gizmos
46
 6.2.6 Scroll bars
6.3 New Gizmos
6.3.1 Directly manageable gizmos
6.3.2 Visual gizmos
6.3.3 Adding visual richness to gizmos

Laboratory
There shall be lab exercises cover all the features of visual programming environment.

Reference books
 Alan Cooper, “The Essential of User Interface Design”, Wiley DreamTech India P. Ltd.
 EvangelosPetroutsos, “Mastering Visual Basic 6”, BPB Publication

47
 Project - II
BIT278CO
Year: II Semester: III
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
- - 4 Theory Practical Theory Practical 100
- 60 - 40

Course Objective
After finishing this project, students will be able to develop software using visual programming
tool/API.
 Project can be initiated by the project teacher or proposal can be invited by the students.
 Groups of students (up to 4) will be assigned a project work related to any visual programming tool.

Course contents
The students should make the project which has practical significance and should spend four hours per
week in the laboratory for 15 weeks. Students must develop the assigned software, submit written
report and give oral presentation.

Project evaluation criteria

The practical marks allotted for the project should be evaluated based on the following criteria.
 Title presentation – 10 marks
 Mid-term presentation – 15 marks
 Pre-final submission and presentation – 35 marks

48
 Numerical Methods
BIT280CO
Year: II Semester: III
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Course Objective
This subject aims that enabling students to (a) solve nonlinear equation (b) use interpolation (c) fit
curves (d) solve linear equations and (e) perform integration and differentiation, using numerical
methods through computers.

Course contents
1. Errors in numerical computation [3 Hrs]
1.1 Introduction to numerical method
1.2 Introduction to error
1.3 Sources of error
1.4 General errors formula

2. Solution of nonlinear equations [6 Hrs]

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Bisection method
2.3 Newton Raphson method
2.4 Fixed point iteration method
2.5 Secant method
2.6 Horner’s rule

3. Interpolation [10 Hrs]

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Finite differences
3.2.1 Forward differences
3.2.2 Backward differences
3.2.3 Central differences
3.2.4 Symbolic relations
3.3 Newton’s forward and backward formulae
3.4 Central differences interpolation formula
3.4.1 Gauss forward and backward formula

49
 3.4.2 Stirling’s, Bessel’s and Everett’s formulae
3.5 Lagrange interpolation
3.6 Method of least square method (LSM)
3.6.1 LSM for linear equation (y = a + bx)
3.6.2 LSM for quadratic equation (y = a + bx + cx2)
3.6.3 LSM for y = axb
3.6.4 LSM for y = aebx

4. System of linear equations [11 Hrs]

4.1 Consistency of a linear system of equations
4.2 Solution of linear system – direct method
4.2.1 Gaussian elimination method
4.2.2 Gauss Jordan method
4.2.3 Matrix inversion
4.3 Solution of linear system – indirect method
4.3.1 Gauss Jacobi iteration method
4.3.2 Gauss Seidel iteration method
4.4 Method of factorization, LU decomposition method
4.5 Eigen vectors and Eigen values, power method

5. Numerical differentiation and integration [8 Hrs]

5.1 Numerical differentiation for 1st and 2nd order differentiation
5.1.1 Forward formula
5.1.2 Backward formula
5.1.3 Central difference formula
5.2 Numerical integration
5.2.1 Trapezoidal rule
5.2.2 Simpson’s 1/3 rule and 3/8 rule
5.2.3 Romberg integration
5.2.4 Gaussian integration

6. Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations [7 Hrs]

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Euler’s method and modified Euler’s method
6.3 Rungekutta 2nd order and 4th order methods
6.4 Boundary value problem (finite difference method)

Laboratories
There shall be following lab exercise using high level language.
50
 Bisection method
 Newton Raphson method
 Fixed-point iteration method
 Secant method
 Horner’s rule
 Langrange interpolation
 Newton interpolation
 Least square method for linear equations
 Gauss elimination method
 Gauss Seidel iteration method
 Integration (Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3 rule and 3/8 rule)
 Euler’s method
 Rungekutta 4th order methods

Reference books
 S. S. Sastry, “Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis”, PHI
 S. Yakowitz& F. Szidarovszky, “An Introduction to Numerical Computations”.
 Dr. V. N. Vedamurthy, Dr. N. Ch. S. N. Iyengar, “Numerical Methods”.
 S. S. Sastry, “Engineering Mathematics Volume-II”, PHI
 E. Balagurusamy, “Numerical Methods”.

51
 Purbanchal University
Bachelor in Information Technology (BIT)

Year: II Semester: IV
S.N Course Course description Credits Lecture Tutorial Practical Total
Code (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs)
1 BIT231EC Communication System 3 3 1 2 6
2 BIT271CO Computer Organization 3 3 1 - 4
3 BIT274CO Web Technology-I 3 3 - 3 6
4 BIT276CO Database Management 3 3 1 2 6
System
5 BIT279CO Project – IV 2 - - 3 3
6 BIT281CO Discrete Mathematics 3 3 1 - 4
7 BIT292MS Marketing 2 2 1 - 3
Management
Total 19 17 5 10 32

52
 Communication System
BIT231EC
Year: II Semester: IV
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Course Objective
To familiarize students of information technology with the basic principles of electronic
communication.

Course contents
1. Signals and systems [6 Hrs]
1.1 Definition, types and properties of signals used in communication systems
1.2 Definition and block diagram of general communication system
1.3 Basics of Fourier series and Fourier transform
1.4 Noise and its effect on communication system

2. Continuous wave linear modulation [8 Hrs]

2.1 Need for modulation
2.2 Time domain expression, spectral representation, power, transmission bandwidth of DSB-AM,
DSB-SC, SSB and VSB
2.3 Generation method of DSB-AM, DSB-SC, SSB and VSB
2.4 Demodulation of AM signals: square law, envelop and synchronous detectors
2.5 Introduction of phase locked loop (PLL)
2.6 Introduction to stereo FM
2.7 The super-heterodyne receiver for standard AM radio

3. Non-linear modulation [7 Hrs]

3.1 Definition, time domain representation and transmission bandwidth of single tone modulated
FM and PM
3.2 Transmission bandwidth for FM, Carlson’s rule, narrow-band and wide-band FM
3.3 Generation methods of FM: direct method and Armstrong method
3.4 Demodulation of FM: limiter-discriminator method and PLL
3.5 Introduction to stereo FM transmission and reception

4. Introduction to digital communication system (DCS) [8 Hrs]

53
 4.1 Basic block diagram of digital communication system, advantages and disadvantages of analog
communication system
4.2 Nyquist sampling theorem, sampling of band limited analog signals, spectrum of sampled
signals, aliasing effect, reconstruction of original analog signal
4.3 Sampling theorem for band-pass signals
4.4 Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), bandwidth requirement and reconstruction method
4.5 Pulse code modulation (PCM): sampling, quantization and encoding
4.6 Quantization noise in PCM

5. Baseband digital communication system [4 Hrs]

5.1 Introduction to information theory, definition of information, entropy, signaling rate and
information rate
5.2 Shannon’s channel capacity theorem: implications and limitations
5.3 Concept of baseband (BB) digital communication systemtyz
5.4 Inter symbol interference (ISI), zero conditions for ISI

6. Modulated digital data communication system [4 Hrs]

6.1 Line coding schemes: NRZ, RZ, Manchester and AMI
6.2 Digital carrier systems: ASK, FSK, PSK and DPSK
6.3 M-ary data communication system: QPSK

7. Multiplexing systems [2 Hrs]

7.1 Introduction to multiplexing
7.2 Basic principles of FDM and TDM

8. Introduction to various communication systems [6 Hrs]

8.1 Satellite communication system: block diagram and working principle
8.2 Terrestrial microwave links
8.3 Optical fiber links: block diagram, advantages and disadvantages
8.4 Cellular mobile communication: GSM system architecture and features
8.5 Communication systems in Nepal: past and present

Laboratory
There shall be 8 experiments related to basic principles of communication systems as decided by the
course instructor.

Reference books
 S. Haykin, “An Introduction to Analog & Digital Communication”.

54
 Leon W. Couch II, “Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems”, Pearson education Asia
 B. P. Lathi, “Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems”, Oxford University Press.
 J. Proakis& M. Salehi, “Communication Systems Engineering”, Prentice Hall, New Jersey
 D. Roddy & J. Coolen, “Electronic Communications”, PHI
 A. Sharma & R. Sinha, “Modern Electronic Communication”, DRPC, New Delhi

55
 Computer Organization
BIT271CO
Year: II Semester: IV
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 - Theory Practical Theory Practical 100
20 - 80 -

Course Objective
The main objective of this course is to provide the concepts of computer architecture as well as
computer organization and design.

Course contents
1. Introduction [2 Hrs]
1.1 Introduction to computer architecture
1.2 Design principles for modern computers

2. Computer organization and design [6 Hrs]

2.1 Instruction code
2.2 Computer registers
2.3 Computer instruction
2.4 Timing and control
2.5 Instruction cycle
2.6 Memory reference instructions
2.7 Input and output interrupt

3. Control unit design [4 Hrs]

3.1 Microprogrammed control (control memory, address sequencing)
3.2 Hardwired control

4. Central processing unit [6 Hrs]

4.1 Instruction formats
4.2 Addressing modes
4.3 Data transfer and manipulation
4.4 Program control
4.5 RISC and CISC

5. Pipeline and vector processing [6 Hrs]

5.1 Parallel processing
5.2 Pipelining
5.3 Arithmetic and instruction pipeline
56
 5.4 RISC pipeline
5.5 Vector processing
5.6 Array processing

6. Computer arithmetic [6 Hrs]

6.1 Data types
6.2 Fixed-point operations
6.3 Floating-point operations
6.4 Addition and subtraction algorithms
6.5 Multiplication and division algorithms

7. Input and output organization [6 Hrs]

7.1 Peripheral devices
7.2 Input-output interfaces
7.3 Modes of transfer
7.4 Interrupt
7.5 Direct memory access
7.6 Input-output processor

8. Memory organization [6 Hrs]

8.1 Memory hierarchy
8.2 Main memory
8.3 Auxiliary memory
8.4 Cache memory
8.5 Virtual memory
8.6 Memory management hardware

9. Multiprocessor [3 Hrs]
9.1 Characteristics of multiprocessors
9.2 Interconnection structures
9.3 Cache coherence

Reference books
 M. Morris Mano, “Computer System Architecture”.
 William Stalling, “Computer Organization & Architecture”.
 M. Morris Mano, “Digital Logic & Computer Design”.
 David A. Paterson & John L. Hennessy, “Computer Organization & Design”.
 Vicent P. Heuring& Harry F. Jordan, “Computer Systems Design & Architecture”.
 Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Structured Computer Organization”.
 John P. Hayes, “Computer Architecture & Organization”.
57
 Web Technology – I
BIT274CO
Year: II Semester: IV
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
Theory Practical Theory Practical
3 - 3 20 50 80 - 150

Course Objective
After finishing this subject, students will be able to develop web pages using HTML and JavaScript.

Course contents
1. Introduction to web technology [5 Hrs]
1.1 Web basics: web browsers, web servers, Tier technology, static and dynamic web page
1.2 Web protocols: HTTP, HTTPs, FTP
1.3 Introduction to free and open source software
1.3.1 Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages free software, open source software and
proprietary software
1.3.2 Difference between free software, open source software and proprietary software
1.3.3 Licensing and its types: commercial license and open source license

2. HTML, XHTML and HTML5 [15 Hrs]

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Document metadata
2.3 Basic structure of HTML
2.4 Sections
2.5 Grouping content
2.6 Text-level semantics
2.7 Embedded content
2.8 Tabular data
2.9 Forms
2.10 Interactive elements
2.11 List
2.12 Links
2.13 Images
2.14 Frames

58
3. Page designing with CSS [10 Hrs]
3.1 Introduction to designing approaches
3.1.1 Table based designs
3.1.2 Table-less designs
3.2 Cascading style sheet and its properties
3.2.1 Introduction
3.2.2 CSS vs CSS3
3.2.3 CSS properties – text and fonts, color and backgrounds, the box model (dimensions,
padding, margin and borders), positioning and display, lists, tables. Media
3.2.4 Converting image design to HTML (slicing)

4. Client-side scripting [15 Hrs]

4.1 Introduction
4.2 JavaScript
4.2.1 Lexical structure
4.2.2 Variables, identifiers, data types and values, scope, literals, reserved words
4.2.3 Expression and operators, statements
4.2.4 Arrays, objects (math, string, date)
4.2.5 Functions
4.2.6 Regular expression
4.2.7 Garbage collection
4.3 Objects
4.3.1 Objects and properties
4.3.2 Constructors
4.3.3 Prototype and inheritance
4.3.4 Object as an associative array
4.4 DOM and event handling
4.5 Introduction to JSON, jQuery, jQuery integration
4.6 Saving state with cookies

Laboratories
These shall be flowing lab exercises covering all features of above chapters.
Lab 1- web basic: introduction to web browsers, static and dynamic web pages, web protocols
Lab 2- HTML structure, Meta data and formatting tags
Lab 3- section and grouping
Lab 4- text-level semantics, embedded content
Lab 5- embedded content (contd…..)
Lab 6- table and forms
Lab 7- interactive elements, lists and links
59
Lab 8- table based design and table less design
Lab 9- CSS properties
Lab 10- converting image design to HTML (slicing)
Lab 11- introduction to JavaScript-lexical structure, variables, identifiers, data types and values, scope,
literals, reserved words, expression and operators, statements
Lab 12- arrays, objects (math, string, date)
Lab 13- functions, regular expression
Lab 14- events handling, DOM, form validation
Lab 15- form validation (contd….), cookies

Reference books
 “Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution”, Chris DiBona, Sam Ockman, Mark Stone
 “Perspective on Free & Open Source Software”, Joseph Feller, Brian Fitzgerald, Scott A. Hissam&
Karim R. Lakhani, MIT press
 “Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution”, Chris DiBona, Sam Ockman, O’Rielly
Media
 “Murach’s HTML5 & CSS3”, Zak Ruvalcaba& Anne Boehm
 “JavaScript: The Definitive Guide”, 6th edition, David Flanagan, O’ Reilly Media
 “Learning Web Design: A Beginner’s Guide to HTML, CSS, JavaScript & Web Graphics”, Jennifer
Niederst Robbins, O’Rielly
 “HTML5 Programming with JavaScript”, John Paul Mueller, Wiley
 “HTML5 & CSS3 for the Real World”, Estelle Weyl, Louis Lazaris, Alexis Goldstein, Sitepoint

60
 Database Management System
BIT276CO
Year: II Semester: IV
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
Theory Practical Theory Practical
3 1 2 20 50 80 - 150

Course Objective
The basic objective of this course is to make them familiar at using SQL and help them design database
systems.

Course contents
1. Introduction [3 Hrs]
1.1 Definition of database, database system, and database management system (DBMS)
1.2 Characteristics of database approach
1.3 Advantages of DBMS
1.4 Classification of DBMS

2. Database systems concept and architecture [8 Hrs]

2.1 Data models
2.2 Schemas and instances
2.3 DBMS architecture and data independence
2.4 Database language and interfaces
2.5 Database users and functions of DBA
2.6 ER modeling
2.7 Entity types
2.8 Attributes, keys and relationship

3. Relational model [8 Hrs]

3.1 Introduction to relational databases
3.2 Relational algebra
3.3 Relational calculus (domain relational calculus, tuple relational calculus)

4. SQL [8 Hrs]
4.1 Introduction to SQL
4.2 Set operations
4.3 Null values

61
 4.4 DDL, DML, DCL, TCL
4.5 Nested queries
4.6 Introduction to PL-SQL, procedures and functions
5. Integrity constraints [3 Hrs]
5.1 Entity integrity constraints
5.2 Domain integrity constraints
5.3 Referential integrity constraints
5.4 Triggers and assertions

6. Normalization [7 Hrs]
6.1 Pitfalls of relational model
6.2 Functional dependencies
6.3 Introduction to database normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF)
6.4 Introduction to multi-valued dependency (MVD) and 4NF
6.5 Introduction to join dependency and 5NF

7. Database security [2 Hrs]

7.1 Concept and needs of database security
7.2 Access control: discretionary access control and mandatory access control
7.3 Encryption and decryption

8. Database transaction and concurrency control [6 Hrs]

8.1 Transaction and its properties
8.2 Methods of transactions execution
8.3 Serializability
8.4 Needs of concurrency control
8.5 Methods of concurrency control
8.6 Introduction to deadlock handling

Laboratories
There shall be lab exercise using SQL covering all topics from chapter 4 and 5.

Reference books
 “Database System Concept”, Silberschatz et. Al., McGraw Hill
 “An Introduction to Database System”, C. J. Date, Addison Wesley
 “Fundamentals of database Systems”, RamezElmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe

62
 Project - IV
BIT279CO
Year: II Semester: IV
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
- - 3 Theory Practical Theory Practical 100
- 60 - 40

Course Objective
After finishing this project, students will be able to develop database application using any RDBMS
tool.

Course contents
A total of 45 lab hours covering all features of RDBMS will be assigned to every student. Every group
of students (up to 3) will be assigned a project work related to developing application software using
any RDBMS tool. Students must develop the assigned software, submit written report and give oral
presentation.

Project evaluation criteria

The practical marks allotted for the project should be evaluated based on the following criteria.
 Title presentation – 10 marks
 Mid-term presentation – 15 marks
 Pre-final submission and presentation – 35 marks

 Project can be initiated by the project teacher or proposal can be invited by the students.
 Individual student will be assigned a project-work related to database application.
 The student should make the project, which should have practical significance and should spend
three hours per week in the laboratory for 15 weeks.

63
 Marketing Management
BIT292MS
Year: II Semester: IV
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 - Theory Practical Theory Practical 100
20 - 80 -

Course Objective
The main objective of this course is to enable students to learn and apply the fundamental concepts
and practices of marketing and to help them to achieve a good understanding of prevailing marketing
techniques.

Course contents
1. Marketing perspective [3 Hrs]
1.1 Definition of marketing
1.2 The core concepts of marketing management
1.3 Marketing philosophies: production concept, product concept, selling concept, marketing
concept and societal marketing concept

2. The marketing environment [3 Hrs]

2.1 The company’s microenvironment: suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customers,
competition
2.2 The company’s macro environment: demographic, economic, natural, technological, political
and cultural environment

3. Consumers markets and consumer buyer behavior [6 Hrs]

3.1 Model of consumer behavior
3.2 Characteristics affecting consumer behavior
3.3 Types of buying decision behavior
3.4 Buyer decision process
3.5 Business markets and their characteristics
3.6 Business buyer behavior
3.7 Business buying process
3.8 Institution and government markets

4. Market segmentation, targeting and positioning [5 Hrs]

64
 4.1 market segmentation: levels of market segmentation, basis for segmenting markets,
requirements for effective segmentation
4.2 Market targeting
4.3 Positioning
4.4 Marketing mix: concept of 4Ps and 4Cs

5. Product and services strategy [6 Hrs]

5.1 Definition of a product
5.2 Levels of product
5.3 Product classification: consumer products and industrial products
5.4 Individual product decisions, product line decision and product mix decisions
5.5 Product life cycle strategies
5.6 Services marketing: nature and characteristics of a service

6. Pricing decisions [6 Hrs]

6.1 Factors to be considered while setting prices: internal and external factors
6.2 General pricing approaches: cost-based pricing, value-based pricing, competition based pricing
6.3 Pricing strategies: new product pricing strategies (market skimming pricing, market penetration
pricing), product mix pricing, price adjustment strategies

7. Distribution channels and logistics management [4 Hrs]

7.1 The nature of distribution channels
7.2 Functions of distribution channel
7.3 Number of channel levels
7.4 Channel behavior and organization
7.5 Channel management decisions

8. Integrated marketing communication strategy [8 Hrs]

8.1 marketing communication (promotion) mix
8.1.1 Advertising: nature of advertising, major decision in advertising
8.1.2 Sales promotion: nature and purpose of sales promotion, major decisions in sales
promotion
8.1.3 Public relations: major public relations tools, major public relations decisions
8.1.4 Personal selling: nature of personal selling, principles of personal selling
8.1.5 Direct and online marketing: the nature of direct marketing, benefits of direct marketing,
customers database and direct marketing, forms of direct marketing communication,
online marketing and e-commerce
8.2 Individual online presentation

65
9. E-business marketing and marketing in the 21st century [4 Hrs]
Paper development and presentation on “E-business marketing and marketing in the 21st century”.
The paper should contain not less than 2000 to 3000 words in suitable format.

Reference books
 Philip Kotler & Gray Armstrong, “Principles of Marketing”, Prentice Hall of India
 William J. Stanton, Michael J. Etzel & Bruce J. Walker, “Fundamentals of Marketing”, McGraw Hill,
Inc. USA

66
 Discrete Mathematics
BIT281CO
Year: II Semester: IV
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 - Theory Practical Theory Practical 100
20 - 80 -

Course Objective
The main objective of this course is to provide the concept of computation mathematics and provide
the base for complier design.

Course contents
1. Fundamentals [3 Hrs]
1.1 Sets and subsets
1.2 Operation on sets
1.3 Sequence
1.4 Matrices
1.5 Mathematical structure

2. Logic [4 Hrs]
2.1 Proposition and logical operation
2.2 Conditional statement
2.3 Mathematical induction

3. Counting [5 Hrs]
3.1 Permutation
3.2 Combination
3.3 The Pigeonhole principle
3.4 Recurrence relation

4. Relation and digraphs [8 Hrs]

4.1 Products set and partitions
4.2 Relations digraphs
4.3 Paths and in-relation and digraphs
4.4 Properties of relations
4.5 Equivalent relation
4.6 Manipulation of relation

67
 4.7 Transitive closure and Warshall’s algorithms

5. Function [4 Hrs]
5.1 Functions
5.2 Function for computer science
5.3 Permutation system

6. Graphics theory [6 Hrs]

6.1 Graphs
6.2 Euler path and circuit
6.3 Hamilatonien path and circuit
6.4 Transport network

7. Order relation and structure [6 Hrs]

7.1 Partially ordered sets
7.2 External element of a Posets
7.3 Lattices
7.4 Finite Boolean Algebra

8. Trees [6 Hrs]
8.1 Trees
8.2 Labeled tree
8.3 Tree searching
8.4 Undirected tree
8.5 Minimal spanning tree

9. Semi groups and groups [3 Hrs]

9.1 Binary operation
9.2 Semi groups
9.3 Groups

Reference books
 “Discrete Mathematical Structure”, Bernard Kolman, Rober C, Busy, Sharman Ross, PHI India
 “Applied Discrete Structure”, K. D. Joshi, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India
 “Discrete Mathematics”, B. P. Prashar, CBS Publishers & Distribution, New Delhi, India

68
 Purbanchal University
Bachelor in Information Technology (BIT)

Year: III Semester: V

S.N Course Course description Credits Lecture Tutorial Practical Total
Code (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs)
1 BIT303SH Probability & Statistics 3 3 1 1 5
2 BIT307SH Society & Ethics in IT 2 2 1 - 3
3 BIT372CO Data Communication 2 2 1 2 5
4 BIT374CO Web Technology - II 3 3 - 3 6
5 BIT375CO Computer Graphics 3 3 1 2 6
6 BIT377CO Operating System 3 3 1 2 6
7 BIT378CO Project - V 2 - - 3 3
Total 18 16 5 13 34

69
 Probability & Statistics
BIT303SH
Year III Semester: V
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
Theory Practical Theory Practical
3 1 1 20 25 80 - 125

Course Objective
After the completion of the subject, students are expected to be able to: (i) assemble data, (ii) analyze
data and (iii) determine central tendency, distribution and make viable conclusion for decision making.

1. Nature and scope of statistics [2 Hrs]

1.1 Definitions of statistics
1.2 Descriptive and inferential statistics
1.3 Scope of statistics
1.4 Limitations and distrusts of statistics

2. Data and its collection [2 Hrs]

2.1 Primary and secondary data
2.2 Sources of primary and secondary data
2.3 Methods of data collection: census method, sample method
2.4 Compilation of administrative records

3. Classification and tabulation of data [2 Hrs]

3.1 Classification procedure: qualitative and quantitative classification
3.2 Tabulation of data

4. Diagrammatic and graphic presentation of data [3 Hrs]

4.1 Importance and limitations
4.2 Types of diagrammatic representations: bar diagram, pie diagram; pictogram
4.3 Types of graphic representations: histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve, cumulative
frequency curve (Ogive)

5. Measures of central tendency [4 Hrs]

5.1 Arithmetic mean
5.2 Geometric mean
5.3 Harmonic mean

70
 5.4 The median: quartiles; deciles and percentiles
5.5 The mode
5.6 Relation between mean, median and mode
6. Measures of dispersion [4 Hrs]
6.1 Absolute and relative measures
6.2 The range
6.3 Inter-quartile range
6.4 Quartile deviation
6.5 Mean deviation
6.6 Standard deviation
6.7 Coefficient of variation
6.8 Skewnwss and Kurtosis

7. Probability [6 Hrs]
7.1 Preliminaries
7.2 Classical, empirical, axiomatic approaches of probability theory
7.3 Conditional probability
7.4 Inverse probability
7.5 Probability distribution
7.6 Mathematical expectation
7.7 Variance of random variable

8. Theoretical distribution [7 Hrs]

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Binominal distribution and its chief features (without proofs)
8.3 Fitting a binominal distribution
8.4 Poisson distribution and its chief features (without proofs)
8.5 Fitting Poisson distribution
8.6 Normal distribution and its chief features
8.7 Areas under normal distribution
8.8 Hyper-geometric distribution

9. Estimation theory and testing of hypothesis [7 Hrs]

9.1 Idea of sample and population
9.2 Point estimation and internal estimation
9.3 Characteristics of a good estimator
9.4 Interval estimation of population parameters
9.5 Sampling distribution and standard error
9.6 Sampling of attribute
71
 9.7 Test of significance for single proportion
9.8 Test of significance for difference between two proportions
9.9 Sampling of variables
9.10 Large samples test
9.11 Test of significance for single mean
9.12 Test of significance for difference between two means
9.13 Small sample test
9.14 Student’s T-distribution and its applications

10. Chi-Square distribution [3 Hrs]

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Application
10.3 Test of goodness of fit
10.4 Test of independence of attributes

11. Correlation and regression analysis [5 Hrs]

11.1 Introduction
11.2 Correlation analysis
11.3 Various methods of calculating correlation coefficient
11.4 Regression analysis

Laboratory: There shall be 12 lab exercises covering all the features of statistical analysis based on
SPSS or any other statistical software packages.

References:
 Sukhminder Singh Et. Al., “Statistical Method for Research Workers”, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi
 B. M. Clarke & D. Cooke, “A Basic Course in Statistics”, Elbs. (UK)
 B. L. Agrawal, “Basic Statistics”, Wiley Eastern
 Minimum & Clarke, “Elements of Statistical Reasoning”, Johnwiley& Sons
 Levin, “Statistics for Management”, Prentice Hall of India
 S. C. Gupta, “Fundamentals of Statistics”.

Questions format
Questions type Number of questions Total marks Chapters
Long questions 2 questions out of 3 2 x 12 = 24 All chapters
Short questions 7 questions out of 8 or 9 7 x 8 = 56 All chapters
Society & Ethics in IT
BIT307SH
72
Year III Semester: V
Teaching Schedule Hours/ Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
2 1 - Theory Practical Theory Practical 100
20 - 80 -

Course Objective
The basic objective of this course is to provide fundamental knowledge on the concept of sociology
and to understand social, cultural, economic, political and technical aspects. The purpose is to enable
them to apply those basic concepts in addressing the significant issues inherent in Nepalese society
and culture.

Unit 1: Introduction [3 Hrs]

1.1 Definition and evolution of sociology
1.2 Relationship of sociology with economics, political science and computer science
1.3 Applications of sociology

Unit 2: Social and cultural change [7 Hrs]

2.1 Process
2.2 Theories of social change (evolution, functional, conflict)
2.3 Factors of social change (economics, technology, education, demography)
2.4 Role of media and communication in social and cultural change
2.5 Innovation and diffusion
2.6 Resistance of social change
2.7 Technological changes and its consequences

Unit 3: Understanding development [5 Hrs]

3.1 Definition and approaches of development
3.2 Indicators of development
3.3 Features of developing countries
3.4 Development planning
3.5 Role of national and international community and state

Unit 4: Process of transformation [5 Hrs]

4.1 Modernization, globalization and migration
4.2 E-governance
4.3 E-commerce

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Unit 5: Characteristics of Nepali society and culture [6 Hrs]
5.1 Historical development of Nepal
5.2 Demography composition
5.3 Issue of gender
5.4 Caste and ethic group
5.5 National integration and differentiation
5.6 Social stratification, problems and control

Unit 6: Ethical issues in IT [5 Hrs]

6.1 Definition of profession
6.2 Profession ethics
6.3 code of conduct
6.4 Ethical dilemma and problems
6.5 Disciplinary action
6.6 Corporate social responsibility

Reference Books
 Alex Inkles, “What is Sociology? Introduction in the Discipline & Profession”, Prentice Hall of India
 G. M. Foster, “Traditional Culture & Impact of Technological Change”
 Rishikeshav Raj Regmi, “Dimension of Nepali Society and Culture”.
 C.N.S. Rao, “Principle of Sociology with an Introduction of Social Thought”, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.
 Pratley Peter, “The Essence of Business Ethics”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
 A .Giddens & D. Mitchell, “Introduction to Sociology”, 3rd Ed., London, W.W. Norton & company

Questions format
Questions type Number of questions Total marks Chapters
Long questions 2 questions out of 3 2 x 12 = 24 All chapters
Short questions 7 questions out of 8 or 9 7 x 8 = 56 All chapters

Data Communication
74
 BIT372CO

Year III Semester: V

Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
2 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 100
20 20 60 -

Course Objective
The main objective of this course is to provide the fundamental knowledge of data communication and
various concepts.

1. Data communication [1 Hr]

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Data communication model
1.3 Standers related to data communication
1.4 Key element of protocol
1.5 TCP/IP protocol architecture
1.6 OSI model

2. Data transmission [2 Hrs]

2.1 Concept and terminology
2.2 Analog and digital transmission
2.3 Transmission impairment
2.4 Wireless propagation
2.5 Life of straight transmission

3. Signal encoding techniques [4 Hrs]

3.1 Digital data, digital signal
3.2 Digital data, analog signal
3.3 Analog data, digital signal
3.4 Analog data, analog signal

4. Digital data communication techniques [3 Hrs]

4.1 Asynchronous and synchronous transmission
4.2 Type of error
4.3 Error detection and correction method
4.4 Line configuration

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 4.5 Interfacing

5. Data link control [3 hrs]

5.1 Flow control
5.2 Error control
5.3 HDLC

6. Multiplexing [3 Hrs]
6.1 FDM, TDM, STDM, ADSL

7. Switching [3 Hrs]
7.1 Circuit-switching and packet-switching
7.2 Switched communication network
7.3 Circuit switching concept
7.4 Packet switching principles and technique

8. Congestion [2 Hrs]
8.1 Congestion control in data network
8.2 Effect of congestion
8.3 Congestion control in packet switched network

9. Cellular wireless network [2 Hrs]

9.1 Principle of cellular network
9.2 First generation analog
9.3 Second generation CDMA

10. LAN overview [3 Hrs]

10.1 LAN protocol architecture
10.2 Bridge
10.3 Layer 2 and layer 3 switch
10.4 Ethernet
10.5 Fiber channel
10.6 Wireless LAN technology
10.7 IEEE 802.11

11. Inter network protocol [2 Hrs]

11.1 Internet protocol, ipv4 and ipv6
11.2 VPN and IP security
11.3 Routing protocol
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 11.4 Multicasting

12. Data modems [2 hrs]

12.1 Concept of modulation
12.2 AM, FM, PM
12.3 FSK, PSK, ASK

Laboratories: There shall be lab exercises covering the applicable chapter using software or
communication devices.

Reference books:
 William Stalling, “Data & Computer Communication”.
 Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data Communication & Networking”

Questions format
Questions type Number of questions Total marks Chapters
Long questions 2 questions out of 3 2 x 12 = 24 All chapters
Short questions 6 questions out of 7 or 8 6 x 6 = 36 All chapters

Web Technology - II
BIT374CO
77
Year III Semester: V
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 - 3 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Course Objective
The main objective of this course is to provide the advance concepts of web applications and server
side programming.

Unit 1: XML, AJAX and Web services [10 Hrs]

1.1 Introduction to XML
1.2 XML validation with DTD & schema
1.3 XSL and XSLT
1.4 XML processing with PHP
1.5 Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)

Unit 2: Server side programming basics [4 Hrs]

2.1 Introduction to server side programming
2.2 PHP basics
2.3 Embedding PHP scripts
2.4 Basic syntax (variables, operators, expressions, constants)

Unit 3: Server side programming with PHP [12 Hrs]

3.1 Control structures
3.2 PHP functions
3.3 Recursion
3.4 String manipulation
3.5 Using regular expression
3.6 Exceptional handling with PHP

Unit 4: Database connectivity in PHP [8 Hrs]

4.1 Introduction to SQL
4.2 Basic SQL commands (CRUD)
4.3 HTML forms and methods
4.4 Database connectivity
4.5 MySQL functions

78
4.6 Executing DDL and DML queries using PHP
4.7 Login and authentication
4.8 Session and cookies

Unit 5: Object-oriented PHP [4 Hrs]

5.1 Review of object-oriented programming
5.2 Classes, objects and operations in PHP
5.3 Access modifiers: private, public and protected
5.4 Implementing inheritance

Unit 6: Responsive websites and advanced server side issues [4 Hrs]

6.1 Responsive website strategies and design
6.2 Smart device functionality
6.3 Testing and debugging
6.4 Overview to advance server side issues
6.5 MVC framework (code igniter)

Unit 7: Semantic web [3 Hrs]

7.1 Introduction to semantic web
7.2 Resource description framework (RDF)
7.3 Web ontology language (OWL)

Laboratories: There shall be lab exercises covering all features of above chapters.

Reference books:
 David Hunter, “Beginning XML”, Wrox Publication
 Robin Nixon, “Learning PHP, MySQL & JavaScript”, O’Reilly Media
 Rasmus Lerdorf, Kevin Tatroe& Peter MacIntyre, “Programming PHP”, O’Reilly Media
 Deitel, Deitel, Goldberg, “Internet & World Wide Web How to Program”, Pearson Education
 Paul S. Wang, “Dynamic Web Programming & HTML 5”, Chapman & Hall/CRC
 Rahul Banerjee, “Internetworking Technologies”, PHI Ltd
 Charles Ashbacher, “SAMS Teach Yourself if XML in 24 Hours”.
Questions format
Questions type Number of questions Total marks Chapters
Long questions 2 questions out of 3 2 x 12 = 24 All chapters
Short questions 7 questions out of 8 or 9 7 x 8= 56 All chapters
Computer Graphics
BIT375CO
79
Year III Semester: V
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Course Objective
The main objective of this course is to provide the basic techniques used in computer graphics system.
1. Introduction [2 Hrs]
1.1 History of computer graphics
1.2 Application of computer graphics

2. Graphics hardware [5 Hrs]

2.1 Keyboard, mouse (mechanical & optical), light pen, touch screen, tablet input hardware,
joystick
2.2 Raster and vector display architecture
2.3 Architecture of graphical display terminals including frame buffer and color manipulation
techniques RGB, CMYK

3. Two dimensional algorithms [8 Hrs]

3.1 Direct and incremental line drawing algorithms
3.2 Bresenham’s line drawing algorithms for positive and negative slopes (DDA algorithm)
3.3 Mid-point circle drawing and mid-point ellipse-drawing algorithms

4. Two-dimensional transformations [10 Hrs]

4.1 Introduction to transformation
4.2 Two-dimensional translation, scaling and rotation
4.3 Successive and composite transformations
4.4 Pivot-point rotation and fixed-point scaling
4.5 Reflection and shearing
4.6 Viewing transformation and windows-to-viewport transformation
4.7 Clipping (The Cohen-Sutherland line-clipping algorithm, The Sutherland-Hodgman polygon
clipping algorithm

5. Three-dimensional graphics [12 Hrs]

5.1 Projection (parallel and perspective)
5.2 3D transformations
5.2.1 Translation, scaling, reflection

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 5.2.2 Rotation (about axex, line parallel to cordinate axis, and line not parallel to cordinate
axis)
5.2.3 Windows to viewpoint transformation
5.3 Hidden line and Hidden surface removal techniques (back face detection, Z-buffer, A-buffer,
scan-line)
5.4 Introduction to non-planar surfaces (Bezier, Splines)

6. Light, color and shading [5 Hrs]

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Need for shading in engineering data visualization
6.3 Algorithms to stimulate ambient, diffuse and specular reflections
6.4 Constants, gouraud and phong-shading models

7. Graphical languages [2 Hrs]

7.1 Need for machine independent graphical languages (PHIGS, GKS)
7.2 Discussion of available languages and file formats (graphical file format)

8. Introduction to animation [1 Hr]

8.1 Introduction to open GL
8.2 Application & today’s trends
Laboratories:
1. Introduction to graphics primitive and graphics drivers
2. Implementation of line drawing algorithms
2.1 DDA
2.2 Bresenham’s algorithm
2.3 Bresenham’s general algorithm
3. Implementation of mid-point circle algorithm
4. Implementation of mid-point ellipse algorithm
5. Implementation of basic 2D and 3D transformation
6. Implementation of windows-to-viewport transformation
7. Implementation of line-clipping process
Reference books
 D. Harn& M.P. Baker, “Computer Graphics”, PHI Edition
 T. I. James, D. Foley, A. Van Dam, S. K. Feiner& J. F. Hughes, “Computer Graphics, Principles and
Practice”, PHI EditionQuestions format

Operating System
BIT377CO
Year III Semester: V

81
 Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -
Course Objective
To provide fundamental concepts of operating system and its design.

1. Introduction [3 Hrs]
1.1 Operating system as an extended machine & resource manager
1.2 History and types of operating system
1.3 Operating system concepts, functions, structures

2. Processes and threats [9 Hrs]

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Process model, process states, process control block
2.3 Introduction to threads, kernel and user implementation of threads
2.4 Inter-process communication (multiprocessing, parallel processing, critical sections, race
condition, mutual exclusion with busy waiting, semaphores, monitors)
2.5 Preemptive scheduling vs non-preemptive scheduling
2.6 Process scheduling (FCFS, SJF, PR, priority, real time scheduling)

3. Memory management [8 Hrs]

3.1 Memory management without swapping
3.2 Swapping
3.3 Virtual memory
3.4 Paging, page replacement algorithms (FIFO, optimal, LRU, LFU, NRU, random, clock, second-
chance)
3.5 Predicting page faults
3.6 Segmentation with paging

4. File system [6 Hrs]

4.1 Files
4.2 Directories
4.3 File system implementation
4.4 Protection mechanism and operating system securities

5. Input/ output [7 Hrs]

5.1 Principles of input output hardware

82
 5.2 Principles of input output software
5.3 Disks and disk scheduling algorithms (FSFS, SSTF, LOOK, SEEK, SCAN, C-SCAN, C-LOOK, N-SCAN)

5.4 Clocks
5.5 Terminals
6. Deadlocks [7 Hrs]
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Conditions of deadlock
6.3 Resources and deadlock modeling using resources
6.4 Deadlock detection and recovery
6.5 Deadlock avoidance & prevention
6.6 Banker’s algorithm (single and multiple resources)

7. Real time system [2 Hrs]

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Types of RTS (soft real time, hard real time, firm real time)

8. Distributed system [3 Hrs]

8.1 Introduction and characteristics
8.2 Processes and processors in distribution system
8.3 RPC in distributed system

Case study: UNIX/LINUX/Windows/Android / iOS / Cloud OS. (No classes are allotted to the case study;
the students themselves referring various books should study this unit)

Laboratory: There shall be lab exercises covering various features of different operating systems.
1. General commands and programming in LINUX
2. Process scheduling
3. Page replacement algorithms
4. Deadlock modeling
5. Memory fitting algorithms
References:
 Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Modern Operating System”, PHI
 Silberscatz and Galvin, “Operating System Concepts”, Addison Wesley
 Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Operating System, Design & Implementation”, PHI

Project – V
BIT378CO
83
Year III Semester: V
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
Theory Practical Theory Practical
- - 3 - 60 - 40 100

Course Objective
After finishing this project, students will be able to develop web-based application using server-side
scripting.

Course contents
A total of 45 lab hours covering all the features of server-side scripting will be assigned to every
student. Every group of students (up to 3) will be assigned a project work. Students must develop the
assigned application, submit written report and give oral presentation.

Project evaluation criteria

The practical marks allocated for the project should be evaluated based on the following criteria:
 Title presentation – 10 marks
 Mid-term presentation – 15 marks
 Pre-final submission and presentation – 35 marks

84
 Purbanchal University
Bachelor in Information Technology (BIT)

Year: III Semester: VI

S.N Course Course description Credits Lecture Tutorial Practical Total
Code (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs)
1 BIT370CO Embedded System 3 3 - 3 6
Programming
2 BIT373CO Computer Network 3 3 1 2 6
3 BIT371CO Data Mining & Data 3 3 1 2 6
Warehousing
4 BIT376CO Advance Object- 3 3 1 2 6
Oriented Programming
5 BIT379CO Project-VI 3 - 1 4 5
6 BIT308SH Research Methodology 2 2 1 - 3
Total 17 14 5 13 32

Embedded System Programming

BIT370CO
Year: III Semester: VI
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
85
 Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 - 3 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -
* Continuous
** Duration: 3 hours

Course Objective
The objective of the course is to equip students with the knowledge of design and development
process for dedicated computer systems in relation to the environment in which they operate.

1. Introduction [8 Hrs]
Overview of dedicated and automated systems and their specific requirements (robust design,
environmental issues, temporal constraints, technological constraints, software systems); the
product design cycle

2. System specification and integration [12 Hrs]

Development of a system specification, including case studies, evaluation and justification of the
available levels of system integration (custom chip design through to turnkey-systems) and
technological choice

3. Software issues [11 Hrs]

Development environment: compliers, linkers, debuggers, emulators, real time operating systems
and kernels, designing and implementing code for dedicated systems

4. Hardware issues [14 Hrs]

Choice of processor: I/O, memory, speed, integration, development facilities, economics; DSP
devices, interfacing to commonly used peripheral devices, backplane bus standards, transducers:
sensors for measuring physical phenomena, output devices such as power actuators and motors,
data transformation, signal conditioning, and data conversion, the impact of EMC regulations on
design practice

Laboratory: The laboratory exercises should cover all the features mentioned above.
References:
 S Health, “Embedded System Design”, Butterworth-Heinemann 1997, ISBNO-75063-237-2
 David E. Simon, “An Embedded Software Primer”, Pearson Education, 2001
Computer Network
BIT373CO
Year: III Semester: VI
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme

86
 Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Course objective
The course aims at providing a sound conceptual foundation in the area of computer networks with
emphasis on the design aspects. The course attempts to provide a balance treatment of the state-of-
the-art in the area and thus prepare the students for taking more rigorous and specialized courses in
this and related field.

Course contents
1. Network concepts, classification and components [7Hrs]
a. Introduction, features and advantages of network, networking criteria
b. Types of network (LAN, MAN, WAN, Peer to Peer model, Client/Server model)
c. LAN topologies (Bus, Ring, Star, Hybrid, etc)
d. Wireless networks (Bluetooth, Wifi, WiMax, ect)
e. Circuit switching, packet switching and message switching networks
f. Network components (NIC, bridge, repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway)
g. Layered architecture, interfaces, services and protocol hierarchies.
h. ISO-OSI Reference model
i. TCP/IP Reference model

2. Data communication and services [8 Hrs]

a. Concepts of data, signal, channel and circuits, channel speed and bandwidth, throughput, bit
rate and baud rate, maximum data rate of a channel, propagation time, transmission time.
b. Analog and digital transmission
c. Asynchronous and synchronous transmission
d. Data encoding techniques
e. Multiplexing and demultiplexing
f. Transmission media
g. Guided: coaxial, twisted-pair, fiber-optic; unguided: radio, microwaves, infrared, VSAT
h. Transmission errors, error detection and correction codes; detection methods (VRC, LRC, CRC,
Cheksum)

3. Data link layer [8 Hrs]

a. Data link layer design issues
b. Media access control. MAC address
c. Farming methods

87
 d. Error control (detection and correction)
e. Flow control, sliding window protocol
f. Data link layer protocols: HDLC, SLIP, and PPP
g. ALOHA, CSMA/CD, FDDI, Token ring, Token bus and IEEE802.3, 802.4, 802.5

4. Network layer [8 Hrs]

a. Network layer design issues
b. IP based networking (Mobile-IP, Subnet Mask, Private and Public address IP address, IPv4
addressing, Subnetting, VLSM, CIDO, Supernetting, multicasting, broadcasting, IPv6)
c. Concept of routing (Static and dynamic routing)
d. Routing algorithm (Shortest-path, Flooding, Flow-based, Distance-vector, Link-state)
e. Congestion control and prevention, Leaky-bucket algorithm, Token-bucket algorithm
f. Internetworking, Tunneling and routing, ATM internetworking, Mobile routing schemes
g. Network layer protocols: IP, NAT, ICMP, IGMP, RIP, ARP, RARP, OSPF, IGRP, EIGRP, BGP

5. Transport layer [5 Hrs]

a. Transport layer design issues
b. Service primitive, QoS
c. Connection-oriented and connectionless networks
d. Transport layer protocols: TCP and UDP
e. Elements of transport layer

6. Application layer [5 Hrs]

a. Application layer and its function
b. Electronic mail: SMTP
c. File transfer: FTP, Telnet
d. Dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)
e. DNS, HTTP, WWW, SNMP

7. Network security [4 Hrs]

a. Cryptography, digital signature
b. Firewalls
c. Virtual private network

Laboratory:

88
There shall be following laboratory exercises that cover the various features and concepts of computer
networking. In practical, students should be able to set up small networks. Also, they should be able
to configure network hardware and network software. Following lab exercises may be helpful.
 Installation of network interface card and various network devices like hub, switch, router
 Cabling: construction of straight-through and cross-over cable
 Installation and configuration of server and workstation in windows/Linux
 Setup client/Server and peer-to-peer networking and verify it
 Workgroup networking, domain networking
 Familiarization with basic network commands: observing IP address and MAC address, setting IP
address and default gateway in PC
 File sharing and printer sharing
 Firewall configuration
 Configure HTTP, FTP, DHCP, Telnet server and verify it
 Configuration of DNS and e-mail server
 Basic network commands and network management and troubleshooting
 Static routing and dynamic routing (RIP and OSPF)
 Implement the data link layer farming methods such as character, character stuffing and bit stuffing
 Implementation of CRC
 Design of local area network (LAN)
 Case study; An existing network system of your college

Reference
 “Computer Networks”, A. S. Tanenbaum
 “Data Communications and Networking”, Behrouz A. Forouzan
 William Stallings, “Data & Computer Communications”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
 “Computer Networking”, James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross

Data Mining & Data Warehousing

BIT371CO

Year: III Semester: VI

89
 Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Course objective
This course aims at introducing advances aspects of data warehousing and data mining, encompassing
the principles, research results and commercial application of the current technologies. It also provides
knowledge to introduce students to the basic concepts and techniques of data mining, using recent
data mining software for solving practical problems.

Contents
1. Introduction to data mining [4 Hrs]
Basic concepts of data mining
Use and benefits of data mining
Application of data mining
KDD environment: data selection cleaning, enrichment, coding and mining
Problems in data mining

2. Introduction to data warehousing [4 Hrs]

Basic concepts of data warehousing
Use and benefits of data warehousing
Application of data warehousing
Problems in data warehousing

3. Data warehouse logical and physical design [6 Hrs]

Data warehouse logical design: star schemas, fact tables, dimensions, other schemas.
Multidimensional data models, materialized views
Data warehouse physical design: hardware and I/O consideration, parallelism, indexes

4. Data warehousing technologies and implementations [4 Hrs]

Data extraction, transportation, transformation, loading and refreshing

5. Data warehouse to data mining [9 Hrs]

Data mining architecture
Data warehouse architecture
OLAP architecture

90
 Types of OLAP servers
OLAP operations in multidimensional data models
OLAP to OLAM
Stages of data mining process

6. Data mining approaches and methods [10 Hrs]

Models of data mining
Data mining techniques
Data mining tasks
Classification and predictions
 Decision tree, rule-based classification, back propagation, genetic algorithm, linear
regression, non-liner regression
Association rules and mining frequent patterns
 Market basket analysis, A Priori algorithm, FP growth
Clustering
 Partitioning method (K means. K medoids)
 Hierarchical method (Agglomerative, Divisive)

7. Mining complex types of data [3 Hrs]

Multimedia data mining
Text mining
Web mining
 Web content mining, web usage mining, web structure mining

8. Application and trends in data warehousing and data mining [5 Hrs]

Integration of data mining tools with database system
Data mining in distributed heterogeneous database systems
Importance of data mining in marketing, e-commerce and CRM
Aspects of security and privacy in data mining
Social impact of data mining
Social impact of data mining
Trends in data mining

Laboratory works
The student must do the project work using data mining and data warehousing concept. Topics should
be given by the course instructor and at the end of the semester student should present their project
work.

91
Reference books
 “Data Mining Concepts and Techniques”, Morgan Kaufmann J. Han, M Kamber, Second edition
 Sam Anahory, Dennis Murray, “Data Warehousing in the Real World”, Pearson Education
 Adriaans, P. and D. Zatinge, “Data Mining”, Addison Wesley, 1996
 Kimball, R. “The Data Warehouse Toolkit”, Wiley, 1996
 W. H. Inmon, “Building The Data Warehouse”, 3rd Edition, Wiley, 2003
 Margaret H. Dunham, “Data Mining: Introductory and Advance Topics”, Pearson Education 2004

Prerequisite
 C. Data Structure, Database Management Systems

Research Methodology
BIT308SH
Year: III Semester: VI
92
 Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
2 1 - Theory Practical Theory Practical 50
10 - 40 -

Course objective
After completion of this course, students will be able to:
 Perform individual research work on the field of information and communication technologies.
 Perform to research, select and organize information, as well as synthesize solution and anticipate
their consequences.
 Acquire knowledge of research methods, procedures and processes, development of critical and
self-critical assessment.
 Ability to sue knowledge in practice.

Course contents
1: Introduction to Research [6 Hrs]
Meaning of research, applied and fundamental research, scientific research process, management
research methods: Action research, evaluation research, managerial research, meaning of project
work, objectives of project work, methods of field and project work: Exploratory/descriptive, case
study, feasible study

2: Research Design [5 Hrs]

Concept of research design, elements of research design, types of research design: historical,
descriptive, development, case study, co-relational, causal-comparative and action research design

3: Sampling process and data collection [7 Hrs]

Sampling and its significance in research, types of sampling, probability and non-probability sampling:
stratified, systematic, multistage, judgment, quota and convenience sampling, sampling error and non-
sampling error, primary and secondary data, use of secondary data, methods of collecting primary
data: interviewing, questionnaire and observation

4: Testing of statistical hypothesis [6 Hrs]

93
Statistical hypothesis, level of significance, difference between parametric and non-parametric tests.
Use of z-distribution in hypothesis testing of population mean and population proportion in one-
sample case

5: Writing the research report [6 Hrs]

Purpose of writing a report, contents and style of report, types of report: Descriptive and Analytical
report, presenting data, table and figures in report, use of quotations, abbreviations, bibliography

Reference books
 Kerlinger, Fred N. “Foundation of Behavioral Research”

94
 Advance Object-Oriented Programming
BIT376CO
Year: III Semester: VI
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Contents:
1. Introduction to Java
1.1 overview of Object oriented Programming in Java
1.2 JVM, Java environment, Java tools
1.3 Features of Java
1.4 Control Statements
1.5 Looping
1.6 Array
1.7 Sting and StringBuffer
1.8 Vector
1.9 Class and Bojects
1.10 Inheritance
1.11 Polymorphism
1.12 Working with Collections
1.13 Interface and Packages
1.14 Exception Handling (try, catch, throw, User define exception)
1.15 Multi threaded Programming (life cycle, thread creation, thread synchronization)
2. Applet Programming
2.1 Introduction to Applet
2.2 Standard Applet Methods
2.3 Putting an Applet on a Web Page
2.4 Passing parameter to Applets
2.5 Comparison between Applet and Application
3. GUI Programming
3.1 A W I Vs. Swing
3.2 Using Swing Components
3.3 Using Automic Components(JLabel, JButtonetc)
3.4 Using JFrame, JPanal, JTree and JTable
3.5 Event handling (Mouse driven, Keyboard driven and other)

95
 4. Java IO
4.1 Working with Input/output APIs
4.2 Working with scanner class
4.3 Working with Files
4.4 Working with Object Serialization
5. JDBC
5.1 JDBC Basic
5.2 Different Types of Drivers
5.3 Setting in a database
5.4 Setting up a Connection
5.5 Retrieving Values from Result Sets
5.6 Deleting/ Updating tables
5.7 Working with Statement and PreparedStatement
6. Socket Programming
6.1 Overview of Socket Programming
6.2 Introduction of APLs related to Socket Programming
6.3 Server Side Programming (TCP and UDP)
6.4 Client Side Programming (TCP and UDP)
6.5 A Sample Program
7. Distributed Application
7.1 Introduction to Distributed Objects
7.2 Overview of RMI
7.3 Rmi Architecture
7.4 Creating Distributed Application using RMI
8. Overview of Servlet and JSP
8.1 Introduction to Servlet and JSP and its Architecture
8.2 Configuring Apache Tomcat to host Servlet/ JSP FILES
8.3 Sample program of Selvet and JSP.
Laboratory:
There shall be lab exercise covering all features of above chapters.
Books Reference
1. Cay S. Horstman,”Core Java Volume I& II”, phi
2. Brue Eckel, “Thinking in Java”. PHI
3. Herbert Schildt, “Java: The Complete Reference,” McGraw Hill
4. Java 2.0 by Ivan Bayross”
5. Programming with java by: “E. BALAGURUSAMY” latest edition.

96
 Project – VI
BIT 379CO

Full marks: 100

Internal: 40
Final: 60

Course objectives
After finishing this project, student will be able to develop professional application.

Course content
 There should be total of 45 hours covering important feature of software engineering practices,
RDBMS and any object oriented programming.
 The application project will be assigned in a group of two/three students.
 An interested topic will be collected and instructed to each group.
 Students must develop the assigned application, submit written report and give oral presentation

Project evaluation criteria

The internal practical marks allotted for the project should be based on the following criteria:
 Mid-term presentation – 10 marks
 Pre-final submission and presentation – 20 marks
 Final presentation – 10 marks

The external marks should be given based on the following criteria:

 Presentation – 10 marks
 Project – 20 marks
 Documentation – 20 marks
 Viva – 10 marks

97
 Purbanchal University
Bachelor in Information Technology (BIT)

Year: IV Semester: VII

S.N Course Course description Credits Lecture Tutorial Practical Total
Code (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs)
1 BIT472CO Artificial Intelligence 3 3 1 2 6
2 BIT474CO Network Programming 3 3 1 2 6
3 BIT475CO Software Engineering 3 3 1 - 4
4 BIT476CO MIS 3 3 1 - 4
5 BIT379CO Elective I 3 3 1 2 6
6 BIT478CO Project - VII 3 - 1 3 4
Total 18

List of electives I
1. GIS BIT477GI
2. Multimedia System BIT477MS
3. Cloud Computing BIT477CC
4. Distributed Processing BIT477DP
5. Theory of Computation BIT477TC
6. Internet and Intranet BIT477II
7. Simulation and Modeling BIT477SM

98
 Artificial Intelligence
BIT472CO
Year: IV Semester: VII
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -
Course objective
The objective of this course is to provide basic knowledge of AI, machine learning, natural language,
expert system and neural network.
Contents
1. Introduction [3 Hrs]
1.1 Definitions and goals in AI
1.2 History and challenges of AI
1.3 Applications of AI

2. Agents [3 Hrs]
2.1 Introduction to agents and agent programs
2.2 Types of agent programs
2.3 Properties and types of agent environment, PEAS

3. Problem solving [9 Hrs]

3.1 Planning and its types
3.2 Problem and its types
3.3 Searching and its types
3.4 Uniformed search algorithms (breadth-first, depth-first, depth-limited search, iterative-
deepening, uniform-cost, bi-directional search)
3.5 Informed search algorithms (best-first, A* search)
3.6 Means-ends analysis
3.7 Forward chaining and backward chaining
3.8 Game playing
3.9 Constraint satisfaction problem and crypt-arithmetic puzzles

4. Knowledge representation [10 Hrs]

4.1 Knowledge and its types
4.2 Logic, semantic nets, frames
4.3 Propositional logic
4.4 Predicate logic
4.5 Clausal form, resolution

99
5. Reasoning [4 Hrs]
5.1 Inference theorems
5.2 Monotonic and non-monotonic reasoning
5.3 Probabilistic reasoning, Bayesian network
5.4 Case-based reasoning
5.5 Uncertainty in reasoning

6. Learning [4 Hrs]
6.1 Concepts and types of learning
6.2 Rote learning, learning by analogy, inductive learning
6.3 Explanation based learning
6.4 Supervised and unsupervised learning
6.5 Genetic algorithm

7. Neural network [4 Hrs]

7.1 Introduction to artificial neural network
7.2 Network structure
7.3 Back propagation
7.4 Hopfield network, Boltzmann machines

8. Expert system [4 Hrs]

8.1 Structure of expert system
8.2 Knowledge acquisition, knowledge elicitation
8.3 Applications and development of expert system
8.4 Examples of expert systems- DENDRAL, MYCIN, etc

9. Natural language processing [4 Hrs]

9.1 Concepts of natural language understanding and natural language generation
9.2 Steps in natural language processing
9.3 Parse tree representation in natural language
Laboratories
Students must do lab works on prolog or LISP to cover the following topics:
 Using Prolog or LISP to understand variables, functions, rules, input-output, arithmetic operations,
recursion
 Solving family relation problems, GCD problem, Tower of Hanoi

Reference books
 E. Rich & K. Knight, “Artificial Intelligence”, McGraw Hill
 E. Turban, “Decision Support Systems & Expert Systems”, Macmillan
 P. H. Winston, “Artificial Intelligence”, Addison Wesley
100
 D. Crookes, “Introduction to Programming in Prolog”, Prentice Hall
 Stuart Russel & Peter Norvig, “Artificial Intelligence”, Pearson Edition
 R. Singhal, “Formal Concepts in Artificial Intelligence”, Chapman & Hall

101
 Network Programming
BIT474CO
Year: IV Semester: VII
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Course objective
At the end of this course, students will be able to design and implement network client server
applications.

Contents
1. Introduction to network programming [5 Hrs]
Introduction to computer network: client/ server model, Protocol Suite (ISO/OSI, TCP/IP), Unix
Standards (POSIX, Open Group, IETF), Network Utilities (telnet, route, ipconfig, ifconfig, ping,
netstat, And ftp) Introduction to programming: wrapper functions, header files, libraries and ports
numbers, IP address. Iterative server, concurrent server, networked servers

2. Elementary operating system calls [6 Hrs]

System call, program, thread, process, Kernel, fork(), exec() and its family, waitpid(), wait(), pipe(),
Fifo(), signals (SIGCHLD, SIGINT, SIGIO). IPC Names, creating and opening IPC channels, IPC names,
creating and opening IPC channels, IPC permissions

3. TCP/UDP transport layer protocols [4 Hrs]

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): features, connection establishment and termination, states
in communication (LISTEN, TIME_WAIT, ESTABLISHED, BLOCKED) UDP (user datagram protocol):
features, uses, comparison with TCP. TCP and UDP buffer sizes and limitations. SCTP

4. Elementary socket calls [5 Hrs]

Socket address structure: for IPV4, IPV6, UNIX domain socket and generic socket address structure,
value-result argument. Byte ordering and manipulating function: htonl(
), htons(), ntohl(), ntohs(), inet_addr(), inet_aton(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton()

5. Elementary TCP-UDP socket [6 Hrs]

Socket(), connect(), bind(), listen(), accept(), read(), write(), close(), sendto(), recvfrom(),

6. I/O multiplexing [4 Hrs]

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 Introduction, I/O models: blocking I/O, non-blocking I/O, I/O multiplexing, signal driven I/O (SIGIO)
and asynchronous I/O model. Select(), poll(), shutdown()

7. Socket options [2 Hrs]

Getsockopt() and setsockopt() functions, IPV4, IPV6, TCP socket options

8. Name and address conversion [2 Hrs]

Domain name system, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), uname(), getservbyname() and
getservbyport(), gethostname() functions, socket timeouts

9. Unix domain protocol [3 Hrs]

Introduction, Unix domain socket address structure, socket pair function, Unix domain stream
client-server, UNIX domain datagram client/server

10. Daemon processes, Inetd super servers [2 Hrs]

Introduction, Sysloged (syslog function), daemon_init function, inetd daemon

11. Broadcast and multicast [3 Hrs]

Introduction, Broadcast and multicast addresses, comparison between broadcast, unicast and
multicast socket options, Unicast versus Broadcast, multicasat versus broadcast on LAN

12. IP layers and raw socket [3 Hrs]

Introduction, raw socket creation, input and output (ping example)

Lab exercise
There shall be lab strictly using c/c++/Java/Linux
 Linux commands
 IPC (Pipe(), Fifo(), Message Queue)
 TCP, UDP and Unix Domain socket client server program
 TCP echo server and client program
 Fork() System call
 Wait() and waitpid() system call
 Uname(), gethostbyaddr(), gethostbyname(), gethostname() system call
 Shell programming

Reference books
 Stevens W. R., “Unix Network Programming”, Vol-1
 Stevens W. R., “Unix Network Programming”, Vol-II
 Doglous E. Comer, “Internetworking with TCP/IP”, Vol-III
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 Software Engineering
BIT475CO
Year: IV Semester: VI

Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme

Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 - Theory Practical Theory Practical 100
20 - 80 -

Course objective
This course is intended to provide an introduction to SE concepts and practices focusing on industrial
software development characteristics and processes, development models and the software life cycle
for mid-scale system. It provides students a comprehensive introduction to software engineering,
kinds of activities that are necessary for developing a software system and important phases of
software development.

Contents
1. Introduction to software engineering [4 Hrs]
Definition of software engineering, the evolving role of software, changing nature of software,
characteristics of software, a generic view of software engineering, software engineering-layered
technology

2. Process models [6 Hrs]

The waterfall model, prototyping model, RAD model, Spiral model

3. Software project management [7 Hrs]

Meaning people, product, process, project in software project management, activities of project
planning, project estimation techniques, COCOMO, risk management, project scheduling, staffing

4. Software requirements and specification [6 Hrs]

Functional and non-functional requirements, requirements engineering process (feasibility studies,
requirements elicitation and analysis, requirements validation, requirements management), data
modeling and flow diagram, software prototyping techniques, requirement definition and
specification

5. Software design [8 Hrs]

Introduction to software design, good software designs, design principle, design concepts, design
strategy, design process and design quality, software architecture and its types

104
6. Software testing [7 Hrs]
Software testing process, principle of testing, test case design, black-box testing (boundary value
analysis, equivalence class portioning) white-box testing (statement coverage, path coverage,
cyclomatic complexity) software verification and validation

7. Metrics for process and products [5 Hrs]

Software measurement, metrics for software quality, software quality assurance, software
reliability, The ISO9000 quality standards

8. Object oriented software engineering [2 Hrs]

Concepts, modeling with UML

Reference books
 Software Engineering, A Practitioner’s Approach Roger S. Pressman, 6th edition. McGraw Hill
International edition
 Software Engineering, Sommerville, 7th edition, Pearson education, 2004

105
 Management Information System
BIT476CO
Year: IV Semester: VII
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 - Theory Practical Theory Practical 100
20 - 80 -

Course objective
This subject aims at equipping students the knowledge of management information system and other
different types of business oriented computer information systems. The course provides students with
an introduction to information systems (IS) and information technology (IT) and their use in an
increasingly competitive business world.

Contents
1. Introduction to information system [3 Hrs]
Information system verses information technology, computer literacy verses information literacy,
data verses information, need of MIS for students and organization

2. Information system for managerial decision making [5 Hrs]

Transaction processing system, steps in processing a transaction, management information
system, ISS, DSS, EIS, AI and ES, OAS, tapping the potential of information system

3. DSS and EIS [6 Hrs]

Application of DSS, components of a DSS, functions DSS, GDSS, EIS, characteristics of an EIS, critical
success factor of DSS/EIS

4. ES and neural networks [5 Hrs]

Appropriate areas for an ES, application of ES, components of ES, knowledge representation, neural
networks

5. Office automation [3 Hrs]

The virtual corporation, types of OAS, importance of OAS in organizations, communication system

6. Business information system [6 Hrs]

Functional information system, manufacturing information system, quality information system,
financial and accounting information system, developing cross-functional system

106
7. Strategic information system [4 Hrs]
Definition of strategic information system, characteristic of strategic information system, strategies
for developing an SIS, potential barriers to developing an SIS, case studies in SIS

8. Managing information resources [5 Hrs]

Definition of IRM, principle of managing information resources, objectives of IRM, IRM function
and case studies

9. Computer security [4 Hrs]

Definition of computer security, security control and disaster recovery plans, developing a disaster
recovery plan

10. Recent technologies in MIS [2 Hrs]

Commerce (E-business, E-learning, E-governances, E-medicine, virtual reality), internet and
communication technologies

11. Cyber law [2 Hrs]

Introduction to cyber law of Nepal, background, cyber crime (meaning and nature, types of cyber
crime, role of computer and computer networks), cyber ethics

Reference books
 UMA G. Gupta, “Management Information System, A managerial Perspective”, Galgotia
publication Pvt. Ltd.
 Larry Long, “Management Information System”, PHI

107
 Project – VII
BIT 478 CO

Full marks: 100

Internal: 40
Final: 60

Course objectives
After finishing this project, student will be able to develop professional application.

Course content
 There should be total of 45 hours covering important feature of software engineering
practices, RDBMS and any object oriented programming.
 The application project will be assigned in a group of two/three students.
 An interested topic will be collected and instructed to each group.
 Students must develop the assigned application, submit written report and give oral
presentation

Project evaluation criteria

The internal practical marks allotted for the project should be based on the following criteria:
 Mid-term presentation – 10 marks
 Pre-final submission and presentation – 20 marks
 Final presentation – 10 marks

The external marks should be given based on the following criteria:

 Presentation – 10 marks
 Project – 20 marks
 Documentation – 20 marks
 Viva – 10 marks

108
 Purbanchal University
Bachelor in Information Technology (BIT)

Year: IV Semester: VIII

S.N Course Course description Credits Lecture Tutorial Practical Total
Code (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs) (Hrs)
1 BIT470CO E-commerce 3 3 1 2 6
2 BIT471CO Wireless 3 3 1 2 6
Communication System
3 BIT473CO Software Project 3 3 1 - 4
Management
4 BIT480SA Elective II(System 3 3 1 2 6
Administration)
5 BIT479CO App. Project 4 - 1 4 5
Total 16

List of electives II
1. Remote Sensing BIT480RS
2. Multimedia Communication BIT480MC
3. E-Governance BIT480EG
4. System Administration BIT480SA
5. Design and Analysis of Algorithm BIT480DA
6. Network Security and Cryptography BIT480NS
7. Image Processing and Pattern Recognition BIT480IP

109
 E-Commerce
BIT476CO
Year: IV Semester: VIII
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Course objective
 To introduce the concept, technologies and strategies of electronic commerce.
 To understand and familiarize with different models and infrastructures for implementing online
business.
 To understand the community concept and development of e-commerce sites.

Contents
1. Introduction to e-commerce [4 Hrs]
1.1 E-commerce fundamentals and media convergence
1.2 Benefits of e-commerce
1.3 Internet’s influence on market and price
1.4 Overview of Just in Time and Quick response retailing inventory system
1.5 Overview of supply chain management system

2. Internetworking and e-commerce [5 Hrs]

2.1 History of internet
2.2 Overview of internet infrastructure
2.3 IP suit
2.4 Domain name service
2.5 ISP’s and connectivity options
2.6 Firewalls and network security
2.7 Types of security

3. Web technologies [6 Hrs]

3.1 Importance of website design
3.2 Introduction to dynamic web pages
3.3 Properties of a good e-commerce site
3.4 Common protocols like HTTP and FTP

4. Business models [4 Hrs]

110
 4.1 fundamentals of business models
4.2 classification of business models
4.3 fundamentals of brokerages, advertising, infomediary, merchant, manufacturer, affiliate,
community, subscription and utility models

5. Electronic payment system [6 Hrs]

5.1 Types of payment system
5.2 Properties of paper money
5.3 Electronic cash and its use
5.4 Electronic checks
5.5 Smart cards
5.6 Credit cards
5.7 Online credit card processing
5.8 Retailing in e-commerce

6. Security and encryption [4 Hrs]

6.1 E-commerce security threats
6.2 Fundamentals of symmetric and public key cryptography
6.3 Digital signature
6.4 Digital certificate and authority

7. Marketing and advertisement [6 Hrs]

7.1 How to be found and to find in the internet
7.2 Personalization
7.3 Virtual societies
7.4 Localization
7.5 Banner ads
7.6 User tracking and log file analyzing
7.7 Push and pull advertising
7.8 Launching a new product

8. Other issues in e-commerce [3 Hrs]

8.1 Intellectual properties
8.2 Governance: e-commerce laws, internet governing organizations and cross boarder legal issues

9. Web application [7 Hrs]

9.1 Basic concept of web application development
9.2 Website client and server side validation of control
9.3 Using different web application controls
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 9.4 Database connectivity with different DBMS
9.5 Building web application giving different features of e-commerce sites

The students are expected to complete an e-commerce based project implementing the strategies and
technologies learnt in the theory classes and develop E-commerce websites using web based
application.

Reference books
 Kalakota&Whinston, “Frontiers of Electronic Commerce”, Pearson education (Addison Wesley)
2000, ISBN: 981-235-903-6.
 Daniel Amor, “The E-Business (R) evolution”, Pearson education, 2000, ISBN:981-404-826-2

112
 Wireless Communication
BIT471CO
Year: IV Semester: VIII
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -
Course contents
1. Introduction [3 Hrs]
1.1 History and evolution of wireless communication: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G
1.2 Basic definitions related to mobile communication
1.3 Paging system and cordless telephone system: simple concepts
1.4 Cellular communication system: components and process

2. Speech coding for wireless systems applications [5 Hrs]

2.1 Introduction: definition and importance
2.2 Speech coders classification (hierarchy only)
2.3 Characteristics of speech signals: PDF, ACF, PSD
2.4 Frequency domain speech coding: sub-band coding, adaptive transformation coding
2.5 Vocoders: speech generation model, types
2.6 Linear predictive coders: LPC vocoders and residual-exited LPC

3. Mobile communication concepts [8 Hrs]

3.1 Introduction: cellular concept and fundamentals, advantages
3.2 Frequency reuse concept: hexagonal cells, cell cluster, channel capacity, reuse ratio, cellular
layout
3.3 Channel assignment strategies: fixed and dynamic
3.4 Handoff strategies: introduction, factors affecting handoff, MAHO, prioritizing handoff,
umbrella cell approach
3.5 Interference and system capacity: adjacent and co-channel
3.6 Improving coverage and capacity: cell splitting and cell sectoring

4. Mobile radio propagation and models [8 Hrs]

4.1 Free space propagation model
4.2 Fading: introduction; large scale, small scale
4.3 Practical link budget design using path loss models: log-distance path loss, log-normal
shadowing
4.4 Indoor propagation model: partition losses (same floor and between floors)

113
 4.5 Outdoor propagation model: Okumura model, Hata model, PCS extension to Hata model
4.6 Factors influencing small scale fading, Doppler shift: definition and derivation
4.7 Parameters of mobile multipath channels: time dispersion parameters, coherence bandwidth,
Doppler spread and coherence time (definitions)
4.8 Types of small scale fading: flat vs frequency selective, fast vs slow
5. Modulation techniques [6 Hrs]
5.1 Overview of digital modulation: advantages and factors influencing it
5.2 BPSK: Relation, Transmitter, Receiver
5.3 MSK: Relation, Transmitter, Receiver
5.4 GMSK: Relation, Transmitter, Receiver
5.5 MPSK: Relation, Transmitter, Receiver
5.6 MFSK: Relation, Transmitter, Receiver

6. Equalization and diversity techniques [5 Hrs]

6.1 Introduction, importance and fundamentals of equalization
6.2 Diversity techniques: importance, practical space diversity considerations, frequency, time
6.3 RAKE receiver: introduction and basic blocks

7. Multiple access techniques [4 Hrs]

7.1 Overview of duplexing techniques: TDD and FDD
7.2 Types of multiple access techniques
7.3 FDMA: introduction and features
7.4 TDMA: introduction and features
7.5 CDMA: introduction and features
7.6 Comparison of multiple access techniques

8. Wireless communication systems and standards [6 Hrs]

8.1 Global system for mobile (GSM): services and features, system architecture, radio subsystem,
channel types, frame structure, signal processing
8.2 IS-95: frequency and channel specifications, forward CDMA channel, reverse CDMA channel
8.3 Recent developments in GSM and CDMA technology
Laboratory
Visit to the nearest district telecom center for case study and preparation of the report for paper
presentation. The prepared report must be submitted to the respective teacher for the evaluation of
the mark.
Reference books
 K. Feher, “Wireless Digital Communications”, PHI 2001
 W. Stallings, “Wireless Communications and Networks”, PEA, 2002

114
 T. Rappaport. “Wireless Communication: Principles and Practices”.
 J. Schiller, “Mobile Communications”, PEA, 2000
 B. P. Lathi, “Modem Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, third edition, Oxford University
press, 1999
 J. Proakis, M. Salchi, “Communication Systems Engineering”, Prentice Hall New Jersey, 1994

115
 Software Project Management
BIT473CO
Year: IV Semester: VIII
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 - Theory Practical Theory Practical 100
20 - 80 -

Course objectives
 To know of how to project planning for the software process.
 To learn the cost estimation techniques during the analysis of the project.
 To understand the quality concepts for ensuring the functionality of the software

Course contents
1. Software project management concepts [9 Hrs]
Introduction to software project management: An overview of project planning: select project,
identifying project scope and objectives, infrastructure, project products and characteristics,
estimate efforts, identify activity risks and allocate resources

2. Software evaluation and costing [9 Hrs]

Project evaluation: strategic assessment, technical assessment, cost-benefit analysis, cash flow
forecasting, cost-benefit evaluation techniques, risks evaluation, selection of appropriate project
approach: choosing technologies, choice of process models, structured methods

3. Software estimation techniques [9 Hrs]

Software effort estimation: problems with over and under estimations, basis of software
estimation, software estimation techniques, expert judgment, estimating by analogy, activity
planning: project schedules, project and activities, sequencing and scheduling activities, networks
planning models, formulating a network model

4. Risk management [9 Hrs]

Risk management: nature of risk management, risk identification and analysis, reducing the risk,
resource allocation: scheduling resources, critical paths, cost scheduling, monitoring and control:
creating framework, cost monitoring, prioritizing monitoring

116
5. Software quality management [9 Hrs]
TQM, six sigma, software quality: defining software quality, ISO9126, external standards,
comparison of project management software’s: dot project, launch pad, openProj, case study:
PRINCE2

Reference books
 Boh Hughes & Mike Cotterell, “Software Project Management”, Tata MGraw, Hill publications, fifth
edition, 2012
 S. A. Kelkar, “Software Project Management”, PHI, New Delhi, Third edition, 2013
 Richard H. Thayer, “Software engineering Project Management”, IEEE computer society
 Futrell, “Quality Software Project Management”, Pearson education India, 2008

117
 System Administration
BIT480SA
Year: IV Semester: VIII
Teaching Schedule Hours/Week Examination Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Internal Assessment Final Total
3 1 2 Theory Practical Theory Practical 150
20 50 80 -

Course contents
1. Network architecture and networking software [2 Hrs]
1.1 Mainframe architecture
1.2 Client/server architecture
1.2.1 Different client/server models
1.3 File server architecture
1.4 Upsizing
1.5 Downsizing
1.6 Integration

2. Introduction to server hardware and OS [4 Hrs]

2.1 Investigating different types of servers
2.1.1 Tower server
2.1.2 Rack server
2.1.3 Blade server
2.2 Overview of network OS
2.2.1 Linux server
2.2.2 Windows server
2.2.3 Solaris
2.3 Emerging server hardware technologies
2.4 Installation of Linux/Unix OS

3. Data storing, fault-tolerance techniques and storage area network (SAN) [7 Hrs]
3.1 File system management
3.1.1 Overview of file system
[Link] FAT
[Link] NTFS
[Link] EXT3/4
[Link] ZFS
3.1.2 Making EXT3/FAT file system

118
 3.1.3 Making Swap Disk
3.1.4 Mounting file system
3.2 Managing different file system in network (NFS, CIFS/Samba)
3.2.1 Overview of NFS
3.2.2 Configuration of NFS in Unix
3.2.3 Overview of CIFS/Samba
3.2.4 Installation and configuration of CIFS/Samba in Unix
3.3 Disk technologies
3.3.1 ATA
3.3.2 SATA
3.3.3 SAS
3.3.4 SCSI
3.4 Storage area network
3.4.1 Introduction
3.4.2 Protocols (Fiber Channel, iSCSI, FCoE)
3.5 Disk storage fault tolerance (RAID)
3.5.1 Types (RAID 1 to 6)
3.5.2 Configuration of RAID 0, 1 and 5

4. Administrative and network operational models [5 Hrs]

4.1 Concepts of administrative models
4.2 Domain
4.3 Tree
4.4 Forest
4.5 Global catalog
4.6 Schema master
4.7 Light Weight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
4.8 Basic installation and configuration of OpenLDAP server and client

5. Configuration of basic network services [8 Hrs]

5.1 Introduction of network protocols
5.2 TCP/IP
5.2.1 Configuration of network interface
5.2.2 Configuration of basic route
5.2.3 Using hosts file DNS and DHCP client tools
5.3 DHCP
5.3.1 Overview
5.3.2 Installation and configuration of DHCP server in Unix system
5.4 DNS
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 5.4.1 Overview
5.4.2 Iterative and recursive query
5.4.3 DNS record
5.4.4 Dynamic DNS
5.4.5 Installation and configuration of DNS in BIND
5.5 File server
5.5.1 Overview of FTP server
5.5.2 Installation and configuration of FTP server
5.6 Web server
5.6.1 Overview
5.6.2 IP based vs. virtual hosting
5.6.3 Configuration of web server in Apache or other open source web server
5.6.4 Installation and configuration secure web server

6. Network monitoring and control [4 Hrs]

6.1 Overview of network monitoring and management
6.2 Network monitoring architecture
6.3 Account monitoring and control
6.4 Security control
6.5 User environment configuration and protocol
6.6 Fault monitoring
6.7 Installation and configuration of SNMP daemon in Unix system
6.8 Installation and configuration open source network monitoring tools (MRTG and Nagios or any
other open source tools)

7. System startup, automation and scheduling jobs [3 Hrs]

7.1 Configuration of services in startup
7.2 Scheduling jobs with cron and at commands in Unix
7.3 Shell scripting
7.3.1 Overview of variables and environmental variables
7.3.2 Basic structure
7.3.3 Control statement
7.3.4 Control statement and loops
7.3.5 Functions
7.3.6 Sample of real work scripts

8. Disaster recovery [3 Hrs]

8.1 Disaster recovery plan
8.2 Backup plan
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 8.2.1 Overview
8.2.2 Consideration of backup media
8.2.3 Types of backup (full, incremental, differential)
8.2.4 Installation and configuration of backup and recovery in Unix
8.3 Concepts of disaster recovery sites
8.4 Concepts of disaster recovery with the help of virtualization and cloud environment

9. Virtualization and cloud infrastructure [4 Hrs]

9.1 Virtualization
9.1.1 Overview
9.1.2 Advantages
9.1.3 Types of virtualization
9.1.4 Managing virtual machine with KVM/Xen
9.2 Cloud infrastructure
9.2.1 Overview
9.2.2 Types of cloud
9.2.3 Private cloud vs. public cloud
9.2.4 Introduction of OpenStack
[Link] Basic installation and configuration with packstack
[Link] Configuration of virtual machine with web interface (Horizon)
9.2.5 Overview of public loud
[Link] Amazon AWS EC2
[Link] Rackspace and more

10. Network security [5 Hrs]

10.1 Attack services and mechanisms and counter measures
10.1.1 SQL injection
10.1.2 Cross site scripting
10.1.3 IP and ARP spoofing
10.1.4 DOS and DDOS attack
10.1.5 Man in the middle attack
10.1.6 Hijacking
10.1.7 Virus, worms, Trojans
10.2 Cryptography
10.2.1 Conventional encryption and message confidential
10.2.2 Public-key cryptography and message authentication
10.2.3 Configuration of private key and public key cryptography in Unix
10.3 Network security application
10.3.1 Overview of Kerberos
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 10.3.2 Pretty good privacy assignment
10.4 IP security
10.4.1 Firewalls
[Link] Overview
[Link] Types of firewalls
[Link] Basic configuration of firewall with iptables (in Linux)
10.4.2 Virtual private network
[Link] Overview
[Link] Types of VPN
Laboratory
There shall be lab exercises covering all features of above chapters.

Reference books
 “Essential System Administration”, 2nd edition, Eleen Frisch, publisher: O’Reilly media
 “Principles of Network and System Administration”, Mark Burgess
 “Backup and Recovery”, W. Curits Preston, O’Reilly media
 “Network security with OpenSSL”, John Viega, Matt Messier and Pravir Chandra, O’Reilly media
 “LDAP System Administration”, Gerald Carter, O’Reilly media
 “Unix and Linux System Administration” handbook (4th edition), Evi Nemeth, Garth Snyder, Trent
R. Hein
 “Comptia Security + Study Guide”by Emmett Dulany, Sybex.

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 Project – VIII
BIT 479CO

Full marks: 100

Internal: 40
Final: 60

Course objectives
After finishing this project, student will be able to develop professional application.

Course content
 There should be total of 45 hours covering important feature of software engineering
practices, RDBMS and any object oriented programming.
 The application project will be assigned in a group of two/three students.
 An interested topic will be collected and instructed to each group.
 Students must develop the assigned application, submit written report and give oral
presentation

Project evaluation criteria

The internal practical marks allotted for the project should be based on the following criteria:
 Mid-term presentation – 10 marks
 Pre-final submission and presentation – 20 marks
 Final presentation – 10 marks

The external marks should be given based on the following criteria:

 Presentation – 10 marks
 Project – 20 marks
 Documentation – 20 marks
 Viva – 10 marks

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